Assignmentmanagement controltopic pest analysis and its applications in management control

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING *** ASSIGNMENT MANAGEMENT CONTROL Topic: PEST Analysis and its applications in management control Hanoi, 3rd October 2020 TABLE OF TASKS FOR THE MEMBERS OF THE PRESENTATION TEAM Numbe r Full Name Thi ID Class Task Kieu 11185284 Auditing 60A - 11186224 Auditing 60A - Nguyen Trinh Nguyen Le Hai Dang Nguyen Phuong Quynh 11184041 Auditing 60A - Responsible for finding out information, analyzing detailed content Responsible for the content Complete PowerPoint design Review errors summarize content Presentation and CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I What is PEST analysis model? Political Factors Economic Factors Social Factors .7 Technological Factors II Advantages and disadvantages of PEST model Advantages of PEST model Disadvantages of PEST model III.Applications of PEST analysis in management control activities .9 IV Example Political factors: Economic factors: 10 Social factors: .11 Technological factors: 12 Opportunities, challenges, solutions: .12 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 15 SOURCES 18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS During the period of performing our presentation, we received a plenty of enthusiastic help and support that guide and encourage us to overcome all difficulties and finish this hard but meaningful time Firstly, we would like to express thanks to Dr Bui Minh Hai, our supervisor who gave us useful guidance and advice that help us to finish our presentation successfully From these advices we can improve our English skills in job Secondly, we are grateful to all the lovely students of Auditing 60A for helping us to accumulate the information and comparison so that the presentation becomes lively and multidimensional Last but not least, we would like to thank everyone for helping us complete this presentation We have added the gaps to make the report complete We hope to receive more comments from Dr Bui Minh Hai to accumulate more knowledge and improve this presentation I What is PEST analysis model? PEST is a management method whereby an organization can assess major external factors that influence its operation in order to become more competitive in the market "P" represents “Political”, "E" is “Economic”, "S" is for Social and " T” stands for “Technological” These objective factors have a strong impact on every business Therefore, corporations need to analyze them carefully to come up with strategies that are suitable for the business development Political Factors The political aspect of PEST usually focuses on the areas in which government policies and changes in legislation affect the business Some areas that can be considered include: Political Stability, Relevant Statutes, Tax and Employment laws, and other policies… The general political climate of a nation as well as international relations, can also greatly influence the organization Some aspects could be analyzed:  Political stability: What kind of government and the degree of stability of the political environment as well as legal institutions? Usually, Political institutions with high stability will be able to create good conditions for business operations In contrast, unstable institutions are prone to cause confliction and negative impact for the businesses in that region  Relevant laws: - What impact Laws such as Investment law, Corporate law, Labor law, Antitrust law, Anti-dumping law, have on the business? For example, businesses must comply with the Enterprise Law, and the use of labor must comply with the Labor Law, … - Are there any laws that are amended? Or about to be enacted or repealed?  Tax policy: How Export, import tax policy, consumption tax, income tax affect the businesses? In general, the profits of enterprises greatly depend on state's tax policies  Other policies: - What are the government's policies on the country's economy? What influences those policies have on businesses? - State policies can create opportunities or challenges for businesses Some policies can be mentioned: trade policies, industry development policies economic development, taxation, competitive control policies, consumer protection Example: In countries with frequent political conflicts or factions, such as Afghanistan, SriLanka, Syria, all have very low economic growth rates Almost no foreign firms invest in these areas Meanwhile, it can be seen that in Vietnam, since the country went into stability, the economy has continued to grow Moreover, the foreign investment in Vietnam is booming too This will create many opportunities for businesses in Vietnam One of the reasons for this economic growth is the political stability of the country Economic Factors Businesses need to pay attention to economic factors both in the short and long term In which, special attention should be paid to the government's intervention in the economy Usually, businesses will rely on the analysis of the following economic factors to decide the strategies:  Status of the economy: Is the economy in a period of development, stagnation or recession?  Conditions of the economy: Does the level of customers’ income increase or decrease? How will this change over the next few years? What is the unemployment rate? Is building a skilled workforce feasible or will it be expensive to hire skilled workers?  Economic indicators’ effect on businesses? (Some indicators such as economic growth index, interest rate, inflation, )  Basic wage law, economic development strategies of the Government, preferential policies for sectors: Tax reduction, subsidies  Future economic prospects: Economic growth, inflation and interest rates, the possibilities of changes in technology or economies Example: High interest rates can hinder investments because businesses have to pay more for borrowing In addition, high interest rates make consumers tend to save more than spend, so consumption demand decreases In general, if the national economic growth rate is high, the Government policies encourage enterprises to invest in production expansion, inflation is kept at a Document continues below Discover more from: Vật lý đại cương CNTT1123 188 documents Go to course Đề cương Vật Lý ĐC - Đặng Đình Hải 19 Vật lý đại cương 100% (3) Tom tat ly thuyet Vat ly dai cuong 16 Vật lý đại cương 83% (6) Bài thực hành vật lý , nhóm 28 Vật lý đại cương 100% (1) FILE 2022011 185230 ĐỀ-ÔN-SINH-9-DT-CHỌN-GIỐNGVÀ-DT-NGƯỜI-15-1-2022 Vật lý đại cương 100% (1) gõ ký tự theo latex word Vật lý đại cương 100% (1) FILE 20220530 144453 84 Đề thi thử tốt nghiệp THPT năm 2021-2022 mơn Tốn - ĐGNL ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM HÀ NỘI (LẦ… 20 reasonable level and consumers’ income increases , businesses will have many chances production efficiency 100% (1) Vậttolýimprove đại cương Social Factors Each country has its own cultural values and typical social factors And these factors are the characteristics of the consumers in those regions The aspects such as Demographics (population growth, age structure), religions, customs and habits, and especially social security, affect the total demand for a company's products and services, and decide how the company will meet the needs of its customers  Demographics: What are the growth rate and age structure of the population? How might these elements change?  Religions and beliefs: What are the religions in the invested countries? What should be taken into consideration about those religions?  Customs and habits: How have business culture, consumption habits, lifestyle, and social culture changed? What are the aesthetic and psychological point of views? Example: Vietnam is now in the period of golden population structure with the largest percentage of young people ever, it is forecasted that by 2049 the working population will account for 64,42% Therefore, a strong young workforce will create opportunities for industries that need a lot of manpower such as construction, tourism, Or another example: In India, many people don’t eat beef due to the religious belief of Hindu Thus, if a company wants to run a food business in India, administrators should definitely take this into consideration Technological Factors The whole world is still in a technological revolution A series of new technologies are introduced and integrated into products and services everyday Technology will affect barriers to market entry, minimum productivity levels, and considerations for self-production or outsourcing In addition, technological elements also influence the cost and quality of products and services As a result, innovations are inevitable Some aspects can be considered:  How is investment of the Government and enterprises in research and development (R&D) like? Which areas governments and educational institutions focus on? What can businesses to take advantage of this?  The speed, the cycle of technology and the rate of outdated technology The effect of technology transfer  Is there any new technology going to be released that could have a big impact on the industry of the business?  Can any competitors use new technologies to completely innovate their products?  The impact of Information technology (IT) and the Internet on business? Example: Enterprises are constantly innovating and applying technological achievements to their products, including Apple For instance, the iPhone 11pro, which was launched in 2019, has made significant improvements in technology such as dual wide-angle camera, 4k video recording support, and Super Retina XDR screen, and many other utilities II Advantages and disadvantages of PEST model Advantages of PEST model  PEST is a simple and useful tool It not only gives administrators a comprehensive view of the operating business environment, but also supports the process of decision making  PEST analysis helps to understand the operating environment to detect potential opportunities and threats, thereby taking advantages of opportunities and reducing hazards  It also helps administrators to understand how the business environment is changing and to prepare for the long-term plans in the future Disadvantages of PEST model Besides the advantages, PEST model still has many limitations:  Firstly, the external factors in PEST model change continuously Sometimes these changes take place in less than a day, so it is difficult for planners to predict why and how these factors may affect the business In many cases, these changes can be noticed, but sometimes they are unnoticed in the early stages which cause serious consequences on the outcome of the business strategies  Secondly, the simple structure of the model is also a limitation For PEST analysis, normally the analyst presents only a list of macro environmental factors Except for some factors that have a big impact on a specific business, the analysis often does not bring much results To fit the needs, the current PEST model has been expanded into some matrices such as: - SLEPT: Including “Legal” element - PESTEL / PESTLE Law: Adding “Environmental” factor - STEEPLE Environment: Adding “Ethics” Factors - STEEPLED Ethics: Including “Demographic” Factors - DESTEP: Adding Demographic and Ecological Factors - If people want to adopt this model on a local, national or global level, they can use another variant called LONGPESTEL - Local, National, Global, Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal and Environmental analysis  Thirdly, the data collection related to the external environment is often difficult This makes the analysis of the PEST model both costly and timeconsuming Additionally, the latest data updating is always a problem in PEST analysis Lacking of updates can lead to many assumptions  Fourthly, proper PEST analysis requires a lot of information to collect and when too much information is processed, businesses are often confused in determining which factors are important and that can lead to serious mistakes  Finally, PEST analysis is not enough for business strategy planning because it only cares about the external environment but ignores the internal ones PEST needs to be combined with other analysis such as SWOT or Five Forces to have a better support for the business III Applications of PEST analysis in management control activities  PEST Analysis can assist an organization in recognizing and thereby taking advantage of opportunities offered by existing conditions in the business environment It can also be used for identifying current or possible future challenges, which allows enterprises to have effective plans of how to best manage these challenges  PEST Analysis can also be applied in assessing the in-house structure of an organization in order to identify strengths and weaknesses in its internal politics, economic outlook, social climate, and technology base The results of this analysis can facilitate changes or improvements in businesses  PEST Analysis can be used in conjunction with other forms of strategic business analysis, such as SWOT, or Five Forces, for an even more comprehensive result Conducting a comparison among these completed analyses can provide a very solid basis for informed decision-making IV Example Company: Heineken Vietnam Brewery Co., Ltd PEST Analysis in the Product Development Strategy HEINEKEN Vietnam is a subsidiary of HEINEKEN, the world’s most international brewer has grown to be the second largest brewer in Vietnam with more than 3,500 employees from a humble number which was 20 at the beginning in Vietnam Political factors: The legal system affected businesses is increasingly developed Investment Law, Enterprise Law, Labor Law, Civil Law, … all contribute to support Heineken Vietnam in the process of formation and development Therefore, businesses need to continuously update the changes in order to set a reasonable direction Moreover, Antitrust law, intellectual property rights, patents, will create healthy competition opportunities for companies in the industry The current development of consumer protection groups will be a threat to companies as this will force companies to take more responsibility for product safety, honestly and culturally appropriate advertisement, Since the excise tax on beer is very high, Heineken's revenue will heavily depend on these tax policies And everything from the ingredients to the labels on the cans must be approved before the product can hit the shelves Brands can be affected differently, though Taking Heineken as an example, because it’s available worldwide, Heineken must abide by governmental policies in each country where they are in business But we may see a fluctuation in its sales One country may have lower taxation policies, providing a higher profit But another may have stricter guidelines, causing the brand to jump through governmental hoops just to get their products to the customer In that case, the cost may outweigh the profits Moreover, Penalties for irresponsibly drinking are also mandated by the government Campaigns are created to showcase the devastating results of drinking while driving, but it can also create a backlash for the beer industry Economic factors: During the 2008-2010 period, the global economy went through a serious recession Surprisingly, there is no evidence that people would consume less beer Interestingly, beer prices increase by an average of 2-3% annually but this not have any negative impact on beer consumption → Economic growth leads to more spending from customers, and the company can expand operations and gain higher profits The world economic situation in general and Vietnam in particular are now stagnant due to the impact of the COVID 19 epidemic The industry of producing alcoholic beverages - soft drinks is obviously affected Revenues declined as the demand for protection of people's health increased higher during the COVID 19 epidemic than the demand for alcoholic beverages Moreover, the Law on alcohol’s harm prevention also has a serious impact on the production of beer All of these points resonate with each other and have a powerful impact not only on the company but also on the manufacturing industries  Income conditions According to the General Statistics Office, the average monthly income of employees with jobs in the first quarter of 2019 reached VND 5.7 million per month; the average income of male employees is 1.4 times higher than the average income of female employees (VND 6.6 million and VND 4.7 million respectively) → Looking at the targets, we can see a stable trend in the income structure of Vietnamese people Life is gradually stabilizing As living standards and demands for high quality goods are also improved, the market segment has changed Therefore, for Heineken Beer Company, this is one of the decisive factors in the profit target of the company, directly affecting the production and operation of the brewery  How economic indicators affect businesses? - Gross Domestic Product (GDP) expanded 7.02% in 2019 - In the period of 2008 -2018, Vietnam's economy achieved quite high growth compared to many countries in the world, reaching an average rate of 6.1% In 2019-2020, under the influence of COVID 19, Vietnam's economy also has a significant impact - According to data released by the General Statistics Office, the average basic inflation in the months of 2020 increased by 3.96% compared to the same period of 2019 Also in the last months, the price of beverages increased by 1.61% compared to the same period of 2019 → High inflation makes commodity prices increase, consumers will try to cut down unnecessary spending, and consumption will decrease Moreover, the unstable economy will make it difficult for businesses to operate Social factors:  Demographics: According to the 2019 Population and Housing Survey conducted at 0:00 pm on April 1, 2019, - The total population of Viet Nam is 96,208,984, of which the male population is 47,881,061, accounting for 49.8% and the female population is 48,327,923, accounting for 50.2% - The average life expectancy of Vietnamese people is 73.6 years; - Nearly 88% of the population aged 25-59 join the workforce; of which the highest proportion of the population joins the workforce in the 2529 age group (14.3%) and decreased slightly in the 30-34 group (14.2%) → With a population structure of 25-64 years old accounting for more than 60% of the population, Vietnam is a fertile market that makes domestic and foreign beer companies pay attention, especially Heineken Through this we see that Heineken's early entry into the Vietnamese market is a reasonable move, which help to exploit the national resources, meet the demand for high quality beverages of consumers with a stable income  Tastes and trends: As Vietnam is still a developing country, the essential demand for life still accounts for a very high proportion of the consumer structure - about 50% and will still account for a high proportion in many years According to some investors in the beer market, Vietnam now consumes a large volume of beer products, about billion liters per year and is a very strong market On the holidays, although the amount of beer imported by famous brands is quite large, the price is high Thus, most consumers choose familiar products like Heineken Moreover, the name "Heineken Beer" has appeared in the market for a long time, so when it comes to high quality breweries, Heineken always holds the top in the choice of consumers  Lifestyle: Modern Vietnamese have a habit of gathering with friends in bars or pubs, and they will drink a lot of beer here In addition, beer is also consumed a lot during the holidays or meetings → However, it can be seen that beer is described as dangerous for our health The beer industry is constantly at odds with public opinion and, as a result, it’s likely to witness an opposition of sales Many studies claim that alcohol can negatively affect the body, primarily the liver You could even meet death quicker because of it And beer is too easy to abuse Many people who become addicted or dependent on beer don’t realize until they have a real problem on their hands The addiction can lead to drunk driving, death, and despair Companies are now offering a light (low - alcohol) alternative to their most popular selections Technological factors: A refined brewing process Technology is increasingly developed and widely used Current technology applications in the beer industry focus on manufacturing processes and packing improvements They have made significant efforts to reduce the amount of water and energy used in production, and to recycle or re-purchase bottles, cans, jars Furthermore, all equipment are advanced equipment and lines, integrated with 4.0 technology, ensuring high quality, safety and sufficient output Heineken beer has excellent quality, it is produced with premium ingredients combined with unique brewing recipe The modern closed production process is under the strict control of quality and technology by Heineken Group (Netherlands) The Heineken bottle has a new, luxurious and unique look, in order to enhance the brand's image and strengthen Heineken's leading position in the international beer market in Vietnam This is a breakthrough high-tech packing innovation to enhance the elegance of the Heineken bottle: all new bottle labels are printed on special metal paper; the new bottle cap has a metal rim around the words "Heineken Quality"; the label on the back of the bottle shows Heineken's pride - the red star; the label on the neck of the bottle has a blue background and the words "Premium Quality" In conclusion, the beer industry heavily relies on technology to develop and refine distribution channels Without technology, we wouldn’t have any beer on the shelves If a beer company doesn’t have the leading tech to speed up their distribution process, it will lead to delays It can even limit the amount of beer produced or put a company out of business Many brands hope to use information technology (IT) to speed up the production process with as few mistakes as possible Opportunities, challenges, solutions:  Opportunities: - Vietnam is on the top 10 of the world's largest beer consuming countries, the development of beer production is reasonable - Young population structure, Higher education level, Migration of population into the city, average income is at a high average level - High level of technology, and increasingly advanced infrastructure - Vietnam joined WTO, AFTA, and TPP - Vietnamese’s tendency to assert themselves - The beer market in Asia-Pacific is the largest in the world - Beer consumption in Vietnam is still increasing despite the economic crisis  Challenges: - Competing with many domestic and foreign beer brands - Preferential policies for domestic beer brands from the government - Decree 100 affects the consumption of the company - Special consumption tax is expected to increase to 65% for the alcohol industry - Due to taxes and fees, input material prices soar (raw materials are imported mainly from abroad) - The first step was difficult when getting consumers’ approval for a new product (non-alcoholic beer) (They believe that these products not meet the taste requirements, )  From the above analysis, Heineken offers some strategies for product manufacturing and sales as following: - Under the impact of Decree 100 of the Government, Heineken has launched new products, they are non-alcoholic beer and Cider (naturally fermented apple juice) This development is not only suitable for all ages but it also contributes to reduce the amount of alcohol used and protect the health of consumers, Moreover, the experience of enjoying upside down beer has just been put into experimentation and become a trend, attracting the attention of customers, mainly young people who want to try novelty The products commonly used for this experience are usually non-alcoholic beer, Heineken Silver Beer or Cider This beer contains only 69 calories per bottle, ensuring that consumers maintain a stable calorie intake In addition, under the impact of COVID 19 along with the leading concern of consumers about health, the trend of non-alcoholic beer will continue to expand However, many people think that non-alcoholic beer does not retain the traditional flavor, it does not really make consumers feel satisfied despite its high quality Therefore, the research and development of non-alcoholic beer products and Cider and other mass media to popularize the product is absolutely necessary - Administrators have to offer coping options as well as seek timely aid, thereby building new business strategies Related organizations and sponsors include: o Industry associations: International Center for Alcohol Policy, Vietnam Beer - Wine Association o Investors: Banks, Trade Corporation Trading in Saigon o Suppliers: Crown Da Nang, Malaya Vietnam Glass Limited, o Potential investors: Banks, Saigon Trade Company, … - Implementing the sustainable development strategies ‘For a better Vietnam”, associated with consumers’ benefit and environmental protection: o Heineken coordinated with the National Traffic Safety Committee (NTSC) to launch the program “No alcohol while driving” to improve human awareness It helps to protect human health and improve their responsibility for themselves and the whole society o The Golden Triangle strategy aims to raise awareness of protecting the environment and saving resources: Using renewable energy, recycling waste sludge into fertilizers that benefit the environment, piloting the recovery of CO2 emissions and protecting water sources, using environmentally friendly equipment, ensuring responsible discharge and increasing awareness of water saving (Golden Triangle Strategy), o Ensuring sustainable sourcing according to Heineken's Supplier Code Potential suppliers: Crown Da Nang, Malaya Vietnam Glass Limited,  QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS What is the application of the PEST model in management control (Internal Control, the role of Internal Auditors in management control, …)? External risk, also known as business risk, is the risk caused by factors outside the enterprise including, factors in the macro environment (such as politics, economy, society, public science technology ) and factors in the micro-environment (suppliers, customers, substitutes, potential competitors ) There are two types of risks, namely risks that can be avoided and risks that cannot be avoided To analyze external risks coming from the macro environment, the administrator analyzes four factors in the macro environment according to the PEST model: Political (P), Economic (E), Social(S) and Technology (T), in which each element is analyzed in detail according to its aspects and manifestations The risk assessment should be based on two factors, namely the probability of occurrence of the risk and the degree of impact when the risk occurs, from which it can be ranked the risks facing enterprises To assess the risk, the administrator can use a risk assessment matrix, in which the probability of occurrence and the degree of impact of the risk are ranked according to levels: high, medium, short Finally, the response to risks, businesses can choose the most appropriate coping methods - First, avoiding risk means not doing behaviors that might pose a risk - Second, risk mitigation - is the reduction of harms caused by risks affecting businesses - Third, curbing risks, which means accepting risks in exchange for profits; at the same time, taking measures to control the harmful effects of risks - Fourth, transfer of risk - transferring the bearer of the consequences of risk from one person to another by paying a fee Fifth, taking risks with insignificant risks that cannot be avoided Internal audit (IA) is one of those tools Strengthening the role of "the person who assists the organization in accomplishing the goals through ensuring the effectiveness and efficiency of the control processes" through the role of the Internal Audit, effectively assisting the governance of the risks of businesses in the current context To promote the role of Internal Audit in risk management, enterprises need to organize and maintain the function of Internal Audit in the enterprise appropriately First, in terms of approach orientation, the Internal Audit of the risk-oriented approach will be the best option for businesses in the current context Internal audit on the basis of risk approach is a trend and increasingly proves its progress and efficiency in the role of accompanying enterprise management The Internal Audit of the risk-oriented approach focuses on the important activities of the enterprise, the risks affecting the implementation of those important objectives, interested in the entire structure of the enterprise, not just the systems special attention is paid to areas where there is no clear definition of responsibility or overlap between functions In addition to the risk approach, the Internal Audit needs to be expanded the scope and content into audits operating in the direction of implementing linked audits, in which the focus is on performance, efficiency and efficiency audits force From there, the Internal Audit helps evaluate and determine the effectiveness as well as review whether the internal control steps have been implemented effectively, thereby identifying and warning of significant risks affecting the operation of the Company Enterprises and recommendations and action plans How does the Environmental factor affect in Heineken’s PEST model? Many Heineken business practices concern activists and international advocacy groups Even the consumers have expressed issues So, the company should take these into account to continue holding consumers’ trust Our country has a tropical climate, so the average temperature is always higher than 20 degrees C The seasons are unevenly distributed With a high heat base, leading to a great demand for drinks in daily life and dining, creating conditions for the development of the beer market High rainfall, hot climate with high humidity, the process of evaporation of the human body increases, people always have a need to be refreshed with different drinks, especially cold drinks, the beer market is very rich potential Some of the other environmental factors Heineken are worrying about are: - Environment pollution: the amount of gas and industrial waste discharged by companies into the external environment is a very concerned issue Products from nature and environmentally friendly are increasingly popular and favored by many people - The scarcity of raw materials: Raw materials are increasingly scarce, so for the beverage products in the industry, efficient recycling of soft drink cans is essential - Increasing energy costs: Companies in the industry need to find new alternative energy sources, operate efficiently, and save production costs How does the Ethics factor affect in Heineken’s PEST model? Developing the HEINEKEN Code of Business Conduct Heineken always promotes responsible drinking beer As one of the world's leading brewers, they promote moderate enjoyment of their products as part of a balanced lifestyle They market and sell their brands responsibly and collaborate with partners to reduce harmful ways of drinking, such as drinking too much, drinking while driving, drinking while pregnant and drinking when not enough year old Heineken respects human dignity and human rights of all people They business with respect for basic human dignity and human rights This is attached to the core values of Heineken, in their policies and in the commitments that they comply with international standards Heineken says no to discrimination and harassment They treat everyone equally and fairly, on the principle of non-discrimination They respect cultural and individual diversity and promote inclusiveness Heineken rewards and encourages people based on the principle of equal opportunity, regardless of their race, color, sex, sexual orientation, religion, national or social origin, age and disability An important aspect of protecting the dignity and individual equality of every employee is to ensure that harassment does not occur in any form "Treat colleagues with respect and fairness and avoid situations that could be considered inappropriate." The Company does not tolerate physical, verbal, sexual or psychological harassment, bullying, abuse or threats Whenever you observe or suspect discrimination or harassment in the workplace, they advise you to express your opinion SOURCES https://chienluocdoanhnghiep.edu.vn/mo-hinh-pest-phan-tich-moi-truong-vi-mo-doanhnghiep/ https://www.saga.vn/mo-hinh-phan-tich-pest~43148 https://sonanhbiz.wordpress.com/2018/05/30/ung-dung-mo-hinh-pest-trong-phan-tichmoi-truong-vi-mo/ https://pestleanalysis.com/perform-pest-analysis-5-easy-steps/ http://heineken-vietnam.com.vn/phat-trien-ben-vung/#report http://heineken-vietnam.com.vn/phat-trien-ben-vung/ http://heineken-vietnam.com.vn/phat-trien-ben-vung/ www.gso.gov.vn https://pestleanalysis.com/pest-analysis-of-the-beer-industry/ https://www.slideshare.net/RuiBarata6/heineken-strategy-analysis-and-discussion https://secure.ethicspoint.com/domain/media/vi/gui/25903/code.pdf