trắc nghiệm sinh học lớp 12

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2/*T&<E)E/*$LO*:)< # " 8<0I8l0<B* 8<2)_# 2/*6'>:*K.d@$=B*2)3E" D# 2/* ( E" D# 2/* >d<BR$I D# 2/* 68=@8K D# 2/* 4+8;>=:*2‚3 !8)E2LP368*C#"8=*2m0<B*8;2L`:* ( !K:)<E=:8*\E0] 8;ƒA8/ !A8d-0*80d8|#I8:V88LO 6 !A8d-0*80d8|#I8:V88LO 45369*J8PE=EG8!=*0#2*'<$=:eA„8#N&*$#@C>LP >L=B)<$<K:)<… <2*8eE3b  8K8<'>8X F=K:)<… <2* (2)E:"8<' 9 x*E m 8<0T8?>/*36 F=… <2* '<>*C#A*X 8<>G8U>LP :*;#8*X 62)E 8<369*J8PAK8PB*36B*A8#† 4iD $L&*$#@C F=EQ#m8;*=<81*>LP 8;8*Xj 3012<'*A*;#8V8A89 8=#$<Q#m8;(8!E#J*B)W2X**I8 F=Q#m8; m01=2B)m01A*;# 6012LP 98;B)EN> 98; 4_l>[0=#E*88= 8< 9 &'>:*K "#$% 8*\E0] 8;)<H su3(6…v~ 3(~v…6su3(6…v~ 36…v~(  3su 8#@;>=A8/ 8b=?E>Ssu 8#@;><'$<E8*\E0] 8; (su>d<><' 8b=?E>‡su 8#@;><'$<E8*\E0] 8; su>d<><' 8b=?E>‡su>d<><'A8/ 8b=?E> 6su 8#@;><' 8b=?E>‡su>d<><' 8b=?E> 4Y01:X8SNB)8* 8b&*$#@C 8WDj|E)A8/Dj=E 3* 8b4qS8* 8bl l(* 8b2=*8lSN&I8!=@B)4 (X8#8LE9#S8* 8b=<6(X8ErE)#S:X8E9#A8!>/ 7,n8* 9  98; F=EQ#m8;*=<81*sQ#m8;2L`:*u*K8)8*dE8?8V88)8*=<a>T B) 9*SjE 01K:)<0*8*=<aSE D8*\E0] 8;8LOA8/8?2*$<*dE8?S*dE8?&*\$=:V88LOT *=<81*T&<*|= 9  98; !8;'<$= 9 A*;#J8PBC8*\E0] 8;2)3‡y‡ƒ‡y‡ƒ (ƒ‡yyy‡ƒ‡yy‡‡ƒ6y‡‡ƒƒ 7cE2<)*8T BNS$*3Q#@>R8Q#d>fS=22D=Q#@>R8Q#dB)Q#m8; F=2<)*$j$'89* ? :e&*$#@C !i+w01 ?@Q#d>fB)+w01 ?@Q#dB)m01Ll>1* F= 9 =23B)=$<Q#m8;2) 3,S3B),S_=(,S73B),S5=,S+3B),S+=6,S53B),S7= 78< 9 8)8T#su'< 8FB*A8#†… <2*0d.#"*0#2* F=LO* su'<*1&?#eE=E:* !-0#"- =<8l0<B*&'2L`:*:V88LO s4u'<$=*1:/B)>N#LlE=A898#1 &*X f F=8#1 29 d8#*= s7u'<$=*1&L=8"#=E:*A8/ !8'S8)E2LP>LO =< 8|8)8T#>'>LP &<b&kA„8#N&*$#@C2) 3suSs4u (s4uSs7u suSsu 6suSs7u 749 *1 ?@$[8#m 8F 3 !" d 9  D>C#j$'89*&R8Pa ( !8;>LP '<$=:e8Ll89T8k8"Q#=8*C#>O*  !-0#" =<8LAUEJ>R86 !8;>LP '<$=:e2=*A89 8bQ#=B)*8K8X 77(*K&RJ8P3A8/2)E.#"8*XA*;#8V8E* (A8/8d*2)#@2*X# F=*K8<9 8W.#"8*X$<Q#m8;T81* 6890*8&<0TJ8P2'*BN 8"&*$#@C F=:1B)Eg ?#47$<$LO8P$* !2P*S8U2=* !8;'<$=v !L#8K2=* =<8"2) 3 (  6 7+8;0<8R:*3 8W0*80dB/I8E)A8/ !A8d-0*80d8|#I8 ( 8W:*;#8*X 9 >D >*;E F=E$<8=*2<)*:1Eg  !$<K:)<6 !K:)<E=8=*:2L`:* F=8=*2<)*:1Eg 752=0E*0a&k$<A„8#N&*$#@C32)8?a36E' 88ˆ (2)BN 8"&*$#@C 8F@K#$<K:)<8?0lB)$<K:)<8T BN 2)8?a3ZE' 8AUS&'Bo 6 !A8d-8?>/*> 2NB*368*\E0] 8; F=K:)<B*A8#† 7i89:*;#)<&L*>?@2)>%A8*!*BC8X01&*$#@CH 3X01&*$#@C ) =<8V8*X#Q#d 82  )8" (1*B*8|I8$' !8X01&*$#@C8"8V 8W m 82 E2m>G !8*X#Q#d X01&*$#@C =<!*2$eI8$'8k8#  8F@K#B)<A*;# 6X01&*$#@C8" 8bfI8$'I 8R#d88Lj F=>*C#A*X<'* d8 7_8*\E0] 8; ! 9 ><'A89 8=#0].K8<$V8T3(6…~n>G:R>:*K8*\E0] 8;>:*K ! $V8T3(66…~n6'>:*K)@ 38LO2)E8=@>J*018!E2*AK F=2<)* (8LO2)E-8<D *dE LO>:*;#8*X F=I8$' 8LO?@ 8K 8< l8;E=8*\E0] 8;>:*K 68LO2)E.#"8*X8*C#E*$<Q#m8; 7Y !4,,,2*AK8*>$/B) !01# 2/*2<'*#=*s~u:e8=*2m01# 2/*2<'*=>*s3u>:*K.d@ $=2)E 8< 8*C#&)* F=*dE>*_+3‰(*K$e$<01# 2/*:RE" !+# 2/*2<'*.*/x*squ1# 2/*2<'*3 B)~ F=0=#>:*K2m2LP2)34i+B)i7+(4++B)i7+4i+B)i+ 64i,B)i4, 3 +,g !A*;#q3q=S:1 !A*;#q3pS <9* !8*;#q3q=q=8<:*KQ#9$V8*dE8?j:1B)EgA8/ .d@$=>:*KB)>:*K "#$% 8*\E0] 8;nK2#N)<0=#>?@BCQ#9$V8*dE8?j:1B)Eg2)>%H 3$<*dE8?jEgS**I8A8/8?2*c:1*dE8?:V88LO ($<*dE8?j:1S8*\E0] 8;**I8A8/8?2*cEg*dE8?:V88LO $<*dE8?j:1S**I8A8/8?2*cEg*dE8?:V88LO 6$<*dE8?jEgS8*\E0] 8;**I8A8/8?2*c:1*dE8?:V88LO ?#+cE2<)*8T BNS3Q#@>R88? =<$*8<)<)0<B*=Q#@>R88?8"S(Q#@>R88<=>f$* 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8W>dE:d<&#@$V8/*&*$#@CJ>R8M8?$=K:)< 8" ih=*8=*&o ?@8<=$]8#m 8FB*8=#Sv““8#>LP <) ?@8<=$]8< 9  ?@vT8k8"Sjv ! 0T8?2*A*;#8V88<W2X4 ?@8<=$]Y ?@8<=>f(*KA8/ !>:*K.d@$=S !8;AK2#NI8$'E)# 0] 8<=&*$#@C8<Q#@2#N 38<9BR (&*$#@C<)*8? Ll9 *|= 9 A8/=2 62*AK _h8<0l>[8d8X&L*>?@S:*K$e=2=?@:X82)2D0<B*=23A8/?@:X8B)A8/ !>:*K.d@$=j 9 98;$<8d8X |:V88LO  =E:V88LO |E] :X8 =EE] :X8   n*;# F=8|LO*S7S+B)2m2LP2) 3q3q3Sq3q=Sq=q=B)q3q= (==S3=S==B)3= 3=S==S3=B)3= 6q3q3Sq3q=Sq=q=B)q3q3 Yhc 8#/:=@SI8$'E)#2/B) 8*C#&)*2/&< D3S=B)(S:&*$#@C8?2@> 2NB)9 >$*$• Q#@>R8*K8)82=**|=&o 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3~*=*><'*C8/* (K:)<.<E= z*dE8? F=E$<8=*2<'*K:)<0*8&k >T 8<D  9* 63ƒ(ƒ 44h(X8ErE)#)<$< 9 :X80=#>?@2):X8&*$#@C2*AKB***I8H 3(X8ErE)#.=82k B).=82=E ((X8ErE)#>f (X8ErE)#.=82=EB)>f 6(X8ErE)#.=82k B)>f 47hh”#8KJ*:N F=A•8#N&*$#@C2) 3~]>LP  9 ><'36B* 9 ><'2=0E* F=B*A8#† (n8d- 8<9*J8P8/*&*$#@C*|= 9 2<)*$".=8=#$<8X818?2<'* d.#"E2<'*$<*)<>!B*012LP2$<E8O**=] 6~]>LP  9 ><'36B*36 F= 9 8;-A8#† 4+h‘2X4>C# !.#"8*X$<$LO8PEQ#@>R88*C#I8$'B)$LO8P 9 2*AK8<)<); !8;8?:*X8=*8*XLP)@LO*= - bB)< = $LO8P 9 2*AK8<)<) !8;.d@$=8*XLP8<9BR : n8*:R>:*KS$<$LO8PEQ#@>R88*C#I8$'S" d 9 I8$' >C#:R8=@>J*S$<$LO8P2*AK8<)<) 8W !EI8$'8=@>J* =*8?I 8 98;&R8Pa & 8T 8*XB*X 2=*8#N8R 8S&T=B)<AKQ#d2=*>;8?:*X 45hTA89 8=# l:d F=8;&R>=:*s>=:*8;A89 #[u0<B*8;T>=:*s8;>=:* r#[u2) 3n8d-89$*;B)0b  81 8R#:V88LO (J8P 9 I8$' F= d8=*2<)*A89 8=#n8d-J8P 8"8|# lAUE8l 6K:)<E= d8=*: F=8=*2<)*A89 8=# 4ih$<EQ#m8;:=>m# !,33,3=7,==q9 >R8‘2XA*;#8V8 F=Q#m8;jv$<$LO8P*81* sT8k8"u:*K3Q#@>*8I8$'8<=>f2)$*8<)<)0<B*=Q#@>R8I8$'8<=$] 34>f$] (4>f+$] i>fY$] 6+>fY$] 4_h(*K>J*&L*>?@A8/8d*8LO:*K2) = T8=@>J*E)# F=:2/8<Er= F=E01>BNBr T : *XLPE' 8E9#B):)**KE[8/*jLO*A8*8*X>E/*$LO- =< *XLP.#"8*X:' 8'$ l8; 8 & T8=@>J*8V8&' F=29 ?@$=#E9 A8*j$<A8/A8I8=@j$<L 4YhD >*;E)<0=#>?@A8/ !j>:*K8=@8KE D# 2/* = 6\.d@8l0<B* 9 &'>:*KA89 : )E8=@>J*$V8T# 2/* F=8*C#::= 8W2*Q#=*::= & 6\8"@8;>:*K0<B* 9 &'>:*KA89 7,hXLO* !AI 88L 28l8X…<2*A8<d,,,2m$<A8*1 >0=< 8U36 F=…<2*8=88l jLO*A8<d,2m8| l 8K)<*%<):8XLO* !8;0=< 88<) 8W8 8W 8NE8l8X…<2* A8<dB)* 8k 82mH = XLO* !8*C#>*;EA8j*>m#0=< 8U : LO* !8*C#2<'*36<2*<$=x=8l…<2* 1 >0=< 8U36 F= 9 x*E36<2*E$=x=jLO* =<8l & T 8#@;8<9 F=Q#9$V80=< 8Us&*\$=A8/>[8O*B*8*EGB)&R 8EGu 7h;?@>:*K8<98 j ?@$[S8LOLO*=A8/&r 9 8)<0=#>?@ 3?E8'A8/$<&#&R 88<9 8" (*E&#&R 88<9 8"B)<:m#8#– *E&#&R 88<9 8"B)<8? ?@ 6z#":/ !†E8<9 8"2>W80*8$Lj8?8<D $[* 7h*C#)<&L*>?@A8/>% = $<EA*;#SEt* !Eb 8db$* : n*;#Q#@>R8**8'-0#" F=E*1BN#/*8=@ ?@$[ I8$'012LP !Eb 8db8gSI8$' 8"2LP !Eb 8db$ & n*;#Q#@>R8Eb 8dbSE/*$LOQ#@>R8A*;#8V8 k8;$<**8' 8<8U F=Eb 8db 7  u$<EQ#m8;0!  !,, <0! 2/?#>[8PaS !,, <0! 2/?#&R8PS !,, <0! 2/$] I8$'E)#2/&<[E=23B)=Q#@>R8B)9 > F= 82 T8*$<Q#m8;2)A8/>9A; ŒN@m01 F= 9 =2>!2) 3u3^,Si‡=^,S4 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3(hh=:Sm01+w63(hh=:Sm014,w ihW2X)<0=#>?@2) F=9 >A8/=2SA*;# H = +5S+w74Si+w :i+w_Si+w5S+w _S+w_Si+w&Y4Si+w5S+w _h8U2=**|= 98; !n~3=(:6&….==(:6&B* 9 $*2)$*8<)<)0• != _nin~ : 7nn~ _nn~ &5n45n~ Yh$<$LO8PEt*Q#*>R8EI8$'S8K8X2=*8?2*4I8$'>LP &*$#@C2*AKB***I8A8* ! >*C#A*XA—E8<2) = **>[I8**A*=8?I8 : W2X8?2*n>[>C#j**>T B)** 9*  W2X**I88?2* & 8W !EI8$'j d** ,h,K:)<>C##@8?01>P:e8=#>G m # "+5,>lJ01 8b=$< 9 K:)< < >LP 0*8$=2)57,12m#@8? F=Et*K:)<2) = 7 : + 5 & 4 h$<EQ#m8;*=<81*K#E !4=2=S=S=48V*=<81*T&<0•'<$= = 5J8Pn~ : _J8Pn~  ,J8Pn~ & 7J8Pn~ h~*9$R F=>:*K8k8# B)<@K#1)<0=#>?@ = *C#A*X F=E/*$LO01: N> 98;$<Q#m8; J8P 9  !E=>:*K>! & *C#A*X F=E/*$LO01B)J8P 9  !E=>:*K>! 4hcLO*3Q#*>R8E].=8S=E].=8*Q#=>K8!EE9# !7n(*K$e3B)(2)$*8<)<)0<B* ‰ 9  DQ#*>R8 9  DI8$'$eEj$ 9  D8LOA89 8=#Œ* 9  DI8$'$012<'* nA89 8=#jLO*2) = 4 : 7 _ & 5 7h6*$#@CQ#=K:)< 8" o>LP *2) 36*$#@C8<@K#1$*8<)<)(6*$#@C8<@K#1$*A8/8<)<) 6*$#@C<)*8?8=@&*$#@C<)*8*\E0] 8; 66*$#@C 9 I8$'8<&o F=˜:1˜ +h9 # 2/*$E' 8 F=>LP AI8*X#3SS~Sq9 # 2/*$E' 8 F=>LP AI 8*X#3SS~Sq(*;#8b )<0=#>?@2)>% = 3ƒƒ~ƒ~^,,w: 3ƒƒ~ƒq^,,w 3ƒƒ~ƒq^+,w01# 2/* F=Et*E' 8& 3ƒƒ~ƒq^,,w 5h2=0E* F=B*A8#† !>D >*;E 3)E8m F=Br8?ST8?>/* rB*36 F=8*\E0] 8; ()8?a36E' 8>lS&'BoAIS[E_,,,y,,,,,# 2/* )E36&'BoSE' 8AUS[E5,,,y7,,,,,# 2/* 6)E36&'BoSE' 8AUS[E_,,,y,,,,,# 2/* ihQ#m8;s“<u>N#)2=>C# 8<8'E)#B)S[E,w01 ?@ !A*;#((S_,w01 ?@ !A*;#(:K# 8<T8k8"2**KS8Vj8K8X48)88mA*;#0•2) 3,w((i,w(:4,w::(++w((,w(:4+w:: _,w((,w(:674Si+w((S+w(:74Si+w:: _hŒ*X 8?>/*.d@$='*8*C#BR$I$36 rE2m*% = T8?>/*&*\$= 8I8.9  : T8?>/*A8f*.d@$=8*C#2m T8?>/*.d@$=8=8 8!& *KA*XE#@2*X#SEx*EB)-2LP Yh !+=>*B)++#=*8?>/*4>PB)>G'<$=01 < 8b=" d_,,=>*B)7,#=* 6'>:*K>G.d@$=$<Q#9$V8$2) 38=@ D3y:e D~yq (8=@ D~yq:e D3y 8E D~yq 68E D3y 4,h$'89*AU F=8*\E0] 8;$<*dE8?.#"8*Xj 3m8?:)<MAV$#*= F=2m8?:)<>K8KAV*|= F=2m8?:)< (m8?:)<6MAV0=# F=2m8?:)<>K8KAV0=# F=2m8?:)< 4hn8*$<K:)< 8":R>:*K8V = n8/&*$#@CQ#=0*80d0*8&L` : ~>:*K8?:18LOA8/>[>C#jK:)< < #/2#/>LP &*$#@CQ#=0*80d8|#I8 & n8/2)E8=@>J*A*;#8V8&<>!Q#*>R8 4h ! 8*C#&)*2)7,_,™ !# 2/*32)+5,$EE' 8 !# 2/*3^5,‡~^4_,S$8T 8*X0=<EG>G mE/*$LO/*:)< # "01$*:<# 2/*€2)5,,12LP 9 2<'*# 2/*$E' 81  F=2) 10 [...]... tiến hố sinh học là giai đoạn tính từ những sinh vật đầu tiên đến tồn bộ sinh giới hiện nay b Giai đoạn tiến hố tiền sinh học được tính từ những hợp chất hữu cơ đơn giản đến sinh vật đầu tiên c Giai đoạn tiến hố hố học là giai đoạn từ các chất vơ cơ đơn giản hình thành nên các chất hữu cơ đơn giản rồi phức tạp d Giai đoạn tiến hố tiền sinh học được tính từ những hợp chất hữu cơ đơn giản đến tồn bộ sinh. .. nhóm sinh vật có tổ chức thấp bên cạnh các nhóm sinh vật có tổ chức cao vì: A Nguồn thức ăn cho các nhóm có tổ chức thấp rất phong phú; B Các nhóm có tổ chức thấp có khả năng kí sinh trên các cơ thể của các nhóm có tổ chức cao; C Sinh vật bậc thấp cũng như sinh vật bậc cao ln có những thay đổi để thích nghi với điều kiện sống; D A và B đúng ĐỀ ƠN TẬP SỐ 6 – SINH HỌC 12 Họ tên HS: ………………………………………… Lớp: ……………... NST X Bố mẹ đều bình thường cả 2 tính trạng sinh con trai đầu mắc cả 2 bệnh 48 Kiểu gen của bố mẹ trên là : A BBXMY x BbXMXM B BbXMY x BbXMXm C BbXMY x BbXMXM D BBXmY x BbXMXm 49 Xác suất sinh đứa con trai bị bệnh trên là : A 25% B 12, 5% C 6,25% D 3 ,125 % 50 Xác suất để bố mẹ trên sinh con khơng bị bạch tạng là : A 100% B 75% C 50% D 25% 51 Xác suất bố mẹ trên sinh con khơng bị mù màu là : A 100% B 75%... hợp là: A 120 0 B 120 00 C 1000 D 6500 28 Số người máu B có kiểu gen đồng hợp là: A 36000 B 22500 C 9000 D 45000 29 Cấu trúc di truyền của quần thể người nói trên là: A 0,01 IAIA : 0 ,12 IAI0 : 0,09 IBIB : 0,36 IBIO : 0,06 IAIB : 0,36 IOIO B 0 ,12 IAIA : 0,01 IAI0 : 0,09 IBIB : 0,36 IBIO : 0,36 IAIB : 0,06 IOIO C 0,01 IAIA : 0 ,12 IAI0 : 0,36 IBIB : 0,09 IBIO : 0,06 IAIB : 0,36 IOIO D 0,01 IAIA : 0 ,12 IAI0... phóng trong q trình trên là bao nhiêu? a 398 phân tử b 796 phân tử c 798 phân tử d 399 phân tử 2/ Hố thạch là: A xác sinh vật chư¬a bị phân huỷ hết B xác sinh vật bị hố đá C bộ xư¬ơng của sinh vật để lại trong các lớp đất đá D di tích của sinh vật sống từ thời xa x¬ưa đã để lại trong các lớp đất đá 3/ Trong việc giải thích nguồn gốc chung của các lồi, Q trình nào dưới đây đóng vai trò quyết định: a Chọn... những đặc tính tập nhiễm d Sự phát triển và sinh sản ¬ưu thế của những kiểu gen thích nghi hơn 28/ Trong kỹ thuật cấy gen với mục đích sản xuất các chế phẩm sinh học trên qui mơ cơng nghiệp, tế bào nhận được dùng phổ biến là vi khuẩn E coli vì A E coli có tốc độ sinh sản nhanh B E coli có tần số phát sinh đột biến gây hại cao C E coli khơng mẫn cảm với thuốc kháng sinh D Mơi trường dinh dưỡng ni E coli... nhất để phân biệt hai lồi giao phối có quan hệ thân thuộc : A Tiêu chuẩn di truyền B Tiêu chuẩn sinh lí – hố sinh C.Tiêu chuẩn hình thái D Tiêu chuẩn địa lí – sinh thái 38 Xét một gen có 3 alen: A, a1, a2 Khi quần thể trên xảy ra q trình tự phối, số phép lai tối đa xảy ra là: A 6 B 3 C 9 D 12 39 Một gen có 120 0 nuclêơtit và có 30% ađênin Do đột biến chiều dài của gen giảm 10,2 ăngstrong và kém 7 liên... Ss : 0,62 ss D 40% SS : 40% Ss : 20% ss 54 Chất hữu cơ đơn giản đầu tiên được hình thành trong q trình phát sinh sự sống trên trái đất thuộc loại: A Prơtêin và Axít nuclêic B Saccarít và Lipít C Saccarít, Lipít và Prơtêin D Cacbuahydrơ ĐỀ ƠN TẬP SỐ 8 – SINH HỌC 12 Họ tên HS: ………………………………………… Lớp: …………… 1/ Một gen có chiều dài 4080 Ao, điều khiển tổng hợp được 2 phân tử prơtêin Tổng số phân tử nước được... – SINH HỌC 12 Họ tên HS: ………………………………………… Lớp: …………… 1/ : Trong chọn giống người ta dùng phương pháp tự phối bắt buộc hay giao phối cận huyết nhằm mục đích chính là để A tạo dòng thuần đồng hợp tử về các gen đang quan tâm B tạo ưu thế lai C kiểm tra độ thuần chủng của giống D nhằm đánh giá chất lượng của giống, xác định hướng chọn lọc 11 2 : Các nhóm xạ khuẩn thường có khả năng sản xuất chất kháng sinh. .. khác ĐỀ ƠN TẬP SỐ 7 – SINH HỌC 12 16 Họ tên HS: ………………………………………… Lớp: …………… 1/ Lồi hành tây (Allium fislosum) có số lượng NST là 2n=16 Câu nào trong các câu sau đây là sai? a Hợp tử có 16 NST b Nhân tế bào ở kỳ sau ngun phân có 8 NST c Hạt phấn chín có hai chân, tổng cộng có 16 NST d Tất cả các NST đều có tâm động 2/ Một người đàn ơng có nhóm máu O lấy một người vợ có nhóm máu A, sinh ra một đứa con có . 8;nK2#N)<0=#>?@BCQ#9$V8 *dE 8?j:1B)Eg2)>%H 3$< *dE 8?jEgS**I8A8/8?2*c:1 *dE 8?:V88LO ($< *dE 8?j:1S8*E0] 8;**I8A8/8?2*cEg *dE 8?:V88LO $< *dE 8?j:1S**I8A8/8?2*cEg *dE 8?:V88LO 6$< *dE 8?jEgS8*E0]. !8*;#q3q=q=8<:*KQ#9$V8 *dE 8?j:1B)EgA8/ .d@$=>:*KB)>:*K "#$% 8*E0] 8;nK2#N)<0=#>?@BCQ#9$V8 *dE 8?j:1B)Eg2)>%H 3$< *dE 8?jEgS**I8A8/8?2*c:1 *dE 8?:V88LO ($< *dE 8?j:1S8*E0]. 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