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UNIT CITIES OF THE FUTURE A Pronunciation Linking final consonants to initial vowelsLinking Linking final consonants to initial vowelsfinal Linking final consonants to initial vowelsconsonants Linking final consonants to initial vowelsto Linking final consonants to initial vowelsinitial Linking final consonants to initial vowelsvowels Read the following sentences aloud, and mark (u) the consonant sounds that link with the vowel sounds All of us are spending lots of time in front of screens It uses a range of technologies to provide services Cities will include a lot of green space and become even greener What are the qualities of a smart city? These are modes of transportation in a big city Smart street infrastructure will provide information for better decision-making In Toronto, you can book an appointment and see a doctor online from your own home Smart cities are built on new technologies, and we consider their advantages B Vocabulary • Linking final consonants to initial vowelsWords Linking final consonants to initial vowelsand Linking final consonants to initial vowelsphrases Linking final consonants to initial vowelsrelated Linking final consonants to initial vowelsto Linking final consonants to initial vowelscities Linking final consonants to initial vowelsand Linking final consonants to initial vowelssmart Linking final consonants to initial vowelsliving I Complete the sentences with the words given skyscrapers city dwellers roof garden high-rise urban centres public transport traffic jam infrastructure smart city private vehicles apartment buildings now stood where his childhood home had been Most transport investment has gone on road construction and not on Some people think that in order to deal with the problem of congestion in cities, should be banned in city centres while others consider this to be an unrealistic solution The war has badly damaged the country’s A(n) uses information and communication technology to improve operational efficiency, share information with the public and provide a better quality of government service and citizen welfare The restaurant is at the top of one of the big downtown In 2021, nearly three in four Canadians lived in one of Canada’s large The design of this is like an outdoor living room with cushy furniture, wall art, lighting and enough green cover to turn it into a cosy spot have a higher death rate than that of country people 10 I was stuck in a(n) for an hour yesterday II Fill in each blank in the following sentences with the correct word / phrase below sustainable optimistic infrastructure quality of life city dwellers detects renewable urban overcrowded inhabitants Most of the population we will see in 2050 will be in cities that don’t even exist yet in Africa, Southeast Asia, China, Central and South America In fact, India is projected to add 404 million to its population by 2050 London has recently started a new traffic light system that when a lot of cyclists are approaching and stays green longer to aid traffic flow The city of the future should have the and transportation which link the needs of citizens of all generations Songdo is unique, offering city something they have never had access to before The city officials are that the downtown will continue to be a green population center This rapid growth of the population has caused daunting problems for city planners, such as roads It comes as no surprise that Seattle is the gold standard of city living New York City is expected to increase its energy capacity by 50% by 2050 10 Our communities will be cleaner and more sustainable, so our will be better III Fill in each blank in the passage with the correct word / phrase below classes dustbins qualities developers display appliances infrastructure tutors technologies underground Songdo, which means “Island of pine trees” in Korean, is called “The City of the Future” by many Up to now, Songdo has completed about 60 percent of its planned and buildings, developers say, and reached a population of about 70,000 - a third of the number expected by 2028, when the city may be finished One morning, we found ourselves at Songdo’s waste-management center where we watched a video about the city’s garbage-removal system Narrated like a Hollywood film, it explained that all of Songdo’s trash is sucked into pipes, and is automatically sorted and recycled, buried, or burned for fuel These pipes connect all apartment buildings and offices; consequently, there are no street-comer or garbage trucks Next, at a nearby office building, we learned about Songdo’s so-called “telepresence” system, which is currently being tested by 100 of the city’s residents The system allows Songdo residents to sit in front of custom television screens and chat with English in Hawaii or take fitness from instructors elsewhere in Korea Finally, we visited Cisco’s Global Innovation Lab, where more technologies-in- development were on including mobile phone-controlled home and even micro-chip tracking of Songdo’s children so they don’t get lost These and other were being pitched to the Songdo government by Cisco, but had not been adopted yet, meaning that for the time being at least, the city’s children were free to sneak over to friend’s houses without fear of surveillance Tourists often seek out history and natural beauty, but here is a history-less and especially unnatural city These 10 , in many ways, actually make Songdo appealing IV Complete the sentences, using the correct form of the words in brackets 1 The information will be collected through the (detect) Cities need to make full use of land in order to achieve urban (sustain) Some of the other problems predicted for the near future include limited and diminishing arable land, deforestation, , and degradation of land and water (urban) For South Korea, Songdo is more than a hi-tech business district, but a template for future (develop) Songdo is the prototype for the green the Korean government wants to build the economy on in the future (invest) The pace of is happening fast in the United States (innovate) I think the cities of tomorrow also need to consider the of open space (available) Cities at their best are social environments where and human go hand in hand (create - develop) Linking final consonants to initial vowelsPrepositions V Complete each sentence with the correct preposition There is a roof garden top of the hotel There are no simple solutions the problem of overpopulation The boy has impressed his doctors his courage and determination Unemployment urban areas is a big problem Customers under 25 are important, making a quarter of the total What are the qualities that are needed the job? Industry has a huge impact the environment we live in The forest is home a wealth of wildlife Unworthy buildings should be demolished to make room modern construction 10 Are there any tickets available Saturday? 11 We’re just weighing up the pros and cons moving to a bigger house 12 The government provides financial support low-income families C Grammar • Linking final consonants to initial vowelsStative Linking final consonants to initial vowelsverbs Linking final consonants to initial vowelsin Linking final consonants to initial vowelsthe Linking final consonants to initial vowelscontinuous Linking final consonants to initial vowelsform Linking final consonants to initial vowels& Linking final consonants to initial vowelsLinking Linking final consonants to initial vowelsverbs I Choose the correct verb form Jane wants / is wanting to be a nurse when she grows up David is thinking / thinks about holding a party next weekend 3 This soup is tasting / tastes delicious The chef always tastes / is tasting the food before it is served Why are you smelling / you smell the flowers? Phong is having / has a great time at the party Susan is having / has some great fancy dress costumes My brother believes / is believing in UFOs I think / am thinking they are tired 10 We go / are going to a concert tonight II Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous a The sun (feel) hot b He (feel) the jumper to see if it’s soft a He (have) three boxes of sweets b He (have) a party tomorrow a This soup (taste) awful b He (taste) the soup to see if it has enough salt a She (think) the party sounds good b She (think) of going away at the weekend a Nam (look) happy b Nam (look) for his costume III Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous a I must stay in because I (expect) a parcel b I (expect) you are tired after your walk a They may not accept my plan but at least they (consider) it b Most people (consider) him to be the best guitarist in Viet Nam a I (see) the price of petrol has gone up again b When you (see) Nam again? a This jug (hold) one litre exactly b They (hold) a meeting to discuss the matter a He (taste) the wine to see if it is all right b This soup (taste) funny What is it made of? a Don’t let me down: I (depend) on you b Love? It (depend) what you mean by ‘love’ a There’s something wrong with my eyes: I (see) double! b I (see) much better with glasses than without a I (think) it is going to rain b I (think) of going to Hoi An next spring a He (appear) to be very ill b She (appear) in cosplay at the festival 10 a “I’ve lost my handbag.” – “What _ it _ (look) like?” b He (look) for a job because he needs a promotion IV Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or the present continuous She (go) to the doctor She (have) a headache He (have) dinner now He (have) a very good appetite They (live) in a rented house at the moment They (like) to live in one He (mow) his lawn whenever I (see) him He (touch) the kettle It (feel) hot They (smell) the coffee now It (smell) good The sun (rise) now It (appear) over the horizon ‘What he (do) there now?’ - ‘He (think) of his children He (love) them very much.’ We (look) at the streets in the sun They (appear) very hot 10 I (believe) you (enjoy) your holiday now V Use either the simple present or the present continuous of the verbs in brackets Peter (have) a car He (have) trouble with his car, so he has to take the bus to work these days This box (weigh) a lot It’s too heavy for me to lift I’ve just handed the box to the postal worker Right now she (weigh) it to see how much postage it (need) I (do) this practice at the moment It (consist) of both nonprogressive and progressive verbs I (think) about the verbs in this practice right now I (think) all of my answers are correct, but I’ll compare my answers with my next partner’s when I finish to make sure Ms Hoa is at the market Right now she (look) at the apples Right now Mai is in the science lab She (not want) to spill any of the acid She (always / be) careful when she does a chemistry experiment • Linking final consonants to initial vowelsUse Linking final consonants to initial vowelsof Linking final consonants to initial vowelsEnglish VI Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap Use only one word in each gap The City That Never Sleeps With a population of over million spread over 790 km 2, New York has residents per square kilometre than any other city in the US The five boroughs that make up the city, Manhattan, Queens, The Bronx, Brooklyn and Staten Island joined to become one city 1898 But New York not always the name given to this part of the US The first people to settle these lands were Dutch colonists In 1624, they set up a trading post here and gave it the name New Amsterdam The name changed, however, in 1664 the English king took control of the lands and gave them to his brother the Duke of York as a gift This led its name being changed in honour of the Duke The name New York has been used ever The Statue of Liberty, is one of the many symbols of the city, arrived towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century But long before the Statue of Liberty arrived, the city enjoyed a long history Today the city is the biggest city in the US, but it also to be the capital For five short years 10 from 1785-1790, New Yorkers inhabitants of the country’s centre of administration Nowadays, it is a popular tourist destination and every year thousands of people from all over the world flock to the City that Never Sleeps to visit famous places like Times Square, Broadway theatres and Central Park Whatever they come here to see, they aren’t disappointed One thing is for sure, New York will continue to be a major attraction for many years to come D Reading I Match a subheading with its definition, writing the answer in each blank 2050 Vision: Pioneer US Cities Prove the Future is Now Urban biking _ A With over 6,000 acres of parks, 300 athletic fields, and 300 sunny days a year, Denver leads the way for Education _ this B With compost, recycling, and landfill standard, Seattle is serious about commitment to recycle 60% of all waste The city’s government and residents all follow The destination for _ night owls eco- friendly practices strictly C You’ll find the center of local and organic food deep in the heart of Texas: Austin This ensures that the money residents spend in Austin stays in Austin, Sustainable city living _ supporting the economy of local farmers D Over 50 colleges and universities spread the landscape of Boston, and 44% of Boston residents Technological _ hold at least a Bachelor’s degree E With its dedicated urban forestry programme, accessibility Portland has embraced its natura’ roots in attractive Active living ways with backyard chicken, ducks, or even goats F With over 200 miles of bike-friendly streets, it's _ time to start the search for a cycling outfit in Chicago The bike lanes are busy with 3,000 bicycles Responsible eating Natural/Urban balance _ around the city G In an ultra-connected world, Minneapolis is _ setting a new standard with free, city-wide Wi-Fi H New York is the city that never sleeps Limitless nightlife never quits and public transit is open 24/7 II Match the qualities of cities of the future with their descriptions Write the quality in each blank A Energy independent homes B Efficient water use C Smart grids D Solar surfaces E Solar energy from space F High-speed long-distance travel G Innovative wind turbines H Living buildings _ Cities will generate electricity from a host of new wind power innovations - turbines that float on the ocean, bladeless wind turbines, and turbines that hover in the atmosphere _ Solar panels will begin to appear in unlikely places They will cover sidewalks, line the outside of buildings, and double as fully functional windows _ Solar energy will be harvested from space and beamed down to Earth, providing clean, cheap and efficient electricity to power our cities _ Homes and buildings will operate as living organisms, monitoring performance and adapting to our needs in real time, saving us energy and money _ Homes will be equipped with solar panels, small-scale wind turbines and other sources of electrical generation, allowing them to operate independently from the grid, when necessary _ Consumers and power sources will communicate in real time through fiber optic smart grids that will reduce blackouts, maximize energy efficiency, and save money _ People will travel hundreds of miles in just minutes through solar-powered pods that travel through elevated, depressurized tubes _ Buildings will be equipped with comprehensive water management systems, allowing them to collect rainwater, monitor water use, and efficiently recycle dirty water III Read the passage, and then decide whether the statements are true (T) or false (F) The cities of the future will see a large number of intelligent homes that can interact with their owners In fact, things that were earlier considered science fiction are already coming to life in smart cities such as Masdar in the United Arab Emirates, where an automated underground transport network fully fueled by solar power is already running circuits With smart technology, the possibility of having huge savings on electricity and power is within our reach Sensors are being developed so that street lights of the future will switch on only when you are close by The smart technology in self-driven cars will enable you to save on gas and other nonrenewable energy sources In fact, smart cities will aim to neutralize the use of fossil fuels completely The cities of the future will have to adapt quickly to rapid technological advancements in IT and engineering The gap between technological leaps is going to decrease over time Technology will help bridge the current gap between the government and public in the cities of the future, given that IT and digitization will make these cities more open and social Another thing that we can all agree on is that the cost of building in these smart cities is going to be considerable An estimate can be derived based on the latest smart city developments in India With the booming population, the Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi is pushing to attract investments to fuel rapid development projects in the country Intelligent homes can have effect on their owners _ Some predictions made about smart cities have been put in practice _ The transport network in Masdar has run on a renewable source of energy _ Street lights will switch on after sensors are developed _ We will save energy with driverless cars _ Smart cities in the future will aim to make fossil fuels completely neutral _ New technological advancements make the cities in the future change so rapidly in order to become more open and social _ Building a smart city costs a lot of money, so a country like India has to call for investment to supply fuel for the project of smart cities _ IV Read the passage about green cities, and then answer the questions What makes a city green? Factors such as recycling, renewable energy, transportation options, building construction, air quality and emissions make green cities great Here are some cities that are doing their part to lead us on the global path to a greener future Working towards the goal of being the first carbon- neutral capital before 2025, Copenhagen has made a lot of necessary changes Lots of electric and manual bikes, organic food, clean water, sustainable buildings and hotels, lots of green space and fewer cars are just a few of the ways that help Copenhagen stand at the top of the green cities list As the UK’s 8th biggest city, and with a steadily growing economy, Bristol is set on making its mark, not only in the UK, but in Europe as well The next five years will see a huge focus on transportation and renewable energy in the city, as well as a goal of doubling the number of cyclists in that time as well Bristol is becoming a hub for jobs in low carbon sectors Vancouver is pleasant for so many reasons - it’s mild and it leads the way for forward thinking and environmental awareness in North America Residents are very fond of walking and cycling, and government laws have been designed with greenness in mind It’s often considered to be one of the most liveable cities in the world, and that isn’t enough, it’s working towards being powered entirely by renewable energy by the year 2050 What makes a city green? _ _ Why does Copenhagen stand at the top of the green cities list? _ _ What will Bristol focus on in the next five years? _ _ Which economic sector will Bristol concentrate on? _ _ Why is Vancouver becoming attractive in North America? _ _ What purpose will Vancouver try to achieve by the year 2050? _ _ V Read the passage about parent teenager problems, and then answer the questions What Life Will Re Like In 2050 I find it absolutely fascinating thinking about the future as technology' is rapidly advancing and in 40 years' time, who knows what we'll be able to with it Scientists have recently predicted that by 2050 the population of the world will be over ten billion and technology will have advanced so greatly that we will Have far more information about all known diseases (and possibly cures!, we will all be living in eco houses and will no longer face high electricity bills and we may even be able to take a holiday to Mars Our daily lives will definitely be filled with all kinds of new' technologies that help us the things we hate nowadays House Robo's will be a likely feature in all homes and will help run the family home, take out the rubbish, prepare food and hoover the house from top to bottom Our kitchen gadgets (such as your fridge, cooker, microwave and dish washer) will also be ‘robotic' and will email or text us, the users, when a food item has gone out of date or has been used up Similarly, the fridge has a built-in camera so that when you arc at the supermarket you can log in to your fridge and cheek what you need to stock up on It is predicted that by 2050 w e w ill all have 'weekly digital health checks’ in our homes, which run sensors over our bodies to check for signs of ill health and any abnormalities Conditions can instantly be recognized by the 'virtual doctor' inside the health machine and treated immediately, and if you need a prescription - it will be ordered and sent out automatically If die digital health check picks up on a person being overweight, they will send a signal to the domestic house computer to modify their diet and book in for gym sessions Because of all this immediate treatment, people will live tar longer and won't be wiped out by disease or forms of cancer Medical conditions that are considered rare' today will be far more known about and will be able to be cured quickly mid efficiently Task Answer the following questions What will the world’s population be by 2050? _ How will our kitchen gadgets help us? _ What can you with the fridge with a built-in camera? _ How can our bodies be checked for signs of ill health and any abnormalities? _ What are the benefits of the immediate treatment? _ Task Match the underlined words in the text with the definitions hoover A finished and there is none left used up B change something in order to improve it stock up on C being made extremely tired modify D clean a carpet, floor with a vacuum cleaner wiped out E buy a lot of something VI Read the text, and the tasks that follow 2040 VISION Smartphones are museum pieces and cable TV - what was that? The world will be very different in the future but what will everyday life in 2040? 06.45 You’re gently woken up in your sleep pod - you don’t sleep in a bed; they’ve developed dramatically into sleep pods _ Meanwhile, your artificially intelligent personal assistant (AIPA) has started work monitoring your body functions and making sure you’re fit and well for the day ahead 07.50 You’re ready for work but you don’t need to go anywhere _ You enter your virtual office and greet co-workers from around the world in your virtual work environment You and your colleague in Singapore look at the Live data feeds and make real-time decisions about your work Then a workmate nearby asks for a face-to-face meeting over lunch You decide what to wear and an army of nanobots make the clothes for you 12.30 Your journey is still by car - but you don’t drive it It drives _ They talk to the smart road which is regulating the flow of traffic so that cars are travelling at maximum speed and efficiency You know there won’t be a delay because of a car accident - there hasn’t been a car crash for ten years now 12.45 You arrive for your meal Your car has already suggested a menu - beef goulash _ During the meal, your workmate mentions her new smart glasses and this reminds you that a drone will deliver yours later today 15.30 Work’s finished You have a lot more leisure time now because AIPAs can a lot of the work for us and a lot quicker _ Not all AIPA’s have human form, some are simply computer programmes with human-like intelligence and understanding Right on time the drone arrives with your smart glasses 19.00 In the evening, you see what your new smart glasses can Smart glasses have replaced the smartphone because they are a lot easier to use and have a lot more functions Even better, they record every minute of your day for you so that you can watch your day again - speeded up this time 22.00 As you sleep, the smart electricity grid and your smart electrical appliances are saving electricity and sending it to where it is needed most In fact, it has been doing this 24/7, but at night it becomes very noticeable as your fridge powers down and the street lights dim We can finally see stars from our cities again Task Which of the following topics are not mentioned in the text? Circle them work shopping transport energy clothes social networking food newspapers relationships radio and TV Task Six sentences have been removed from the text Complete the text with sentences a-f a Work comes to you b Bow the restaurant’s bioprinter starts to produce the raw ingredients for the restaurant AIPA to cook and bring to the table c Some accounting, some write letters d You have instant video chat, internet browsing and can many other things you needed a smartphone previously e You control what happens in the whole house from here, so you remotely switch on the lights and the shower and tell the kitchen you’ll be ready for breakfast for 20 minutes f Computers inside your car take away the need for manual driving Task Read the text again Are the statements true (T), false (F) or not given (NG)? You are woken up early because of an important news bulletin _ Your artificially intelligent personal assistant has checked your health _ Your clothes are newly made as soon as you have decided what to wear _ Cars are designed to be energy efficient _ The ingredients for your food are produced at the restaurant by a bioprinter _ Flying machines make deliveries to your home _ Smart glasses save everything you during the day so that you can play it back later _ Your own home contributes fifteen per cent of the electricity you use _ VII Read an article about a new town For questions 1-10, choose the sections (A-D) the paragraphs may be chosen more than once Sherford: A Green City of the Future A Ranked amongst the top five green cities of the future, Sherford in England has got to be one of the most exciting urban projects in the 21st century With construction due to commence in 2030, the thinking behind the new town is to provide a solution to urban sprawl slum areas and the ecological problems that come with them In other words, it will be a shining example of sustainable urbanism The proposed location for the new town is in one of the greenest parts of the English countryside: Devon Although it will be a modem town with all the necessary facilities for modern-day living, the town will have a traditional feel to it Local architectural designs will be used to make sure the town has a distinctive Devon character Developers, Red Tree, claim that their aim is for Sherford to take ‘the best from the past and move it forward’ They have a vision of a town where social, economic and environmental sustainability will prosper B But just how will they achieve this? Sustainable towns and cities must meet the strictest criteria In order to be socially sustainable, they must be organized into self-contained neighbourhoods, which combine living, working and shopping Sherford, which will be organised into four neighbourhoods, will take this one step further All its communities will be accessible to people from all income bracket and all ethnic groups A wide range of homes will be available for rent or purchase, with the cheaper homes being built alongside with the most expensive ones to avoid any discrimination that may arise However, it won’t be obvious just by looking at the homes which ones are the most affordable ones By avoiding creating rich neighbourhoods and poor neighbourhoods, it is hoped that residents will feel a greater sense of equality In terms of economic sustainability, eco towns must be able to support the livelihoods of the local residents For the first time in a century, a British town will be built along a high street with a lively market As a market town, Sherford promises to be a bustling commercial centre with shops, local businesses and services This will ensure that people will live locally, can work and earn their living locally As a result, the town will be financially sustainable C Most importantly of all, however, Sherford - like all eco towns - will be environmentally sustainable Green cities must reduce or eliminate the use of fossil fuels, adopt sustainable building practice, create green spaces and ensure good air quality It is hoped that this attractive town will discourage people from writing graffiti on the buildings and so not allowing the gritty side of a town to emerge It will also be a safe place for people to live One of the developers commented, ‘No one will get mugged in Sherford.’ Sherford will be a walkable city Local schools, shops, parks and other facilities will be within walking distances of housing There will also be an energy-efficient transport system that residents will be encouraged to use to travel within the town and cars will be banned from parts of the town centre But one of the biggest bonuses for all future residents is that they will be provided with their own free bicycle so that they will have another alternative to private cars for getting from A to B Furthermore, 50% of the town’s energy will be supplied using clean, renewable sources such as solar and wind power 170 acres of woodland and 500 acres of parkland will also help to improve the quality of air in the town and surrounding area They will also create recreational areas for residents and be home to local species of plants and animals D So when can you move in? If all goes according to plan, building will begin on Sherford in 2030 During the first phase, 2,750 homes will be constructed within five years The completed project, which will include 5,500 homes divided between the four neighbourhoods and the town centre, will take between 12-15 years to complete For the majority of the locals, it will have been a long time in coming, but well worth waiting for Which section says: the proposed location for the new town is Devon? _ building will begin in 2030? _ cheaper homes will be alongside more expensive ones? _ local architectural designs will be used to keep the Devon character? _ facilities in the town will be within walking distance of housing? _ future residents will be provided with their own free bicycle? _ 50% of the town’s energy will be supplied by renewable sources? _ Sherford will be organized into four neighbourhoods? _ it will take 12-15 years to complete? _ 10 people will live locally and can work and earn their living locally? _ E Speaking • Linking final consonants to initial vowelsEveryday Linking final consonants to initial vowelsEnglish I Choose the correct response Then practise the short exchanges in pairs A: What’s life in cities in the future like? B: a/ We can enjoy the highest quality of life A: Tokyo is a big city What’s it like in 2050? b/ We used to deal with climate change B: a/ We can see overcrowded trains there b/ I think it’s the most livable city A: Have you heard of the plan for the future B: a/ It tries to make our city an eco-city transportation in our city? b/ It promotes self-driving cars and public A: How can we make our city green? transport B: a/ We try to use wind and sun energy more b/ We make an effort to provide more jobs A: With the metro railway in big cities, there B: a/ Sounds great Is it unbelievable? are no longer traffic jams b/ I hope it can come true 6 A: What’s the purpose of the project? B: a/ It tries to supply enough drinking water b/ It fails to reduce global climate change A: How can we save energy with street B: a/ We’ll turn off lights in our houses at high lighting? peak hours b/ We’ll install the smart lighting system A: Can you imagine working hours in the B: a/ They’re flexible with fewer hours future? b/ To be green, we ride to our offices A: We won’t have to pay for health care, will B: a/ Yes, health care will be free we? 10 A: What’s the prediction from pessimists? b/ No, health care will cost lower B: a/ City dwellers will use renewable energy free of charge b/ Cities will be overpopulated and traffic will be heavy • Linking final consonants to initial vowelsDiscussing Linking final consonants to initial vowelscities Linking final consonants to initial vowelsof Linking final consonants to initial vowelsthe Linking final consonants to initial vowelsfuture II Complete the dialogue about what smart cities will look like in the future with the phrases below There is one extra that you not need A where high traffic zones are located B to check the routes they take to work, when the bus is arriving C It will allow users to comfortably get where they are going and slowly start replacing cars D Environmentally friendly vehicles, such as e-kick scooters, e-motorcycles and e-bikes will dominate the streets E and it will become a more crucial component of urban planning in the future F Self-driving cars are going to be a huge part of our future G Car data can help analyze road damages, traffic fluctuations and charging stations for electric vehicles A What is the future for transport in smart cities? B I think cars powered by gas are coming to an end _ _ Cars will also be getting some upgrades with connected car data A Can the data be used for more useful purposes? B The use of data and data mapping can help control space management Data analysis can help determine how many commuters travel by car, bike, scooter or shared car to work as well as the routes take,3 they A I think it is also the best way for government officials to get an understanding of how citizens move around the city, _ B Besides that, commuters in smart cities will use an app in advance _ , if an e-scooter is available for rent in the area, or if a shuttle service is driving around the neighbourhood A How about micromobility with e-scooter and e-bikes? B III Complete the conversation about the world’s first carbon-neutral city, using the responses (A-F) given There is one extra response Then practise the dialogue with your partner A either walk or travel in electric ‘podcars’ B and the Sultan of Abu Dhabi is providing the money for the project C to make our city liveable, and eco cities will be the new trend in the near future D live in comfortable apartments E the first carbon-neutral city in the world F will provide the city with its energy Phong: I think pollution is a big problem for cities of the future The emission of carbon dioxide from industries makes the problem worse Chi: I agree with you The government needs to solve the pollution problems Phong: But we don’t have any eco cities in the world, we? Chi: Oh, no Masdar City in the United Arab Emirates is special It plans to be _ Phong: Really? But traditional cars emit a lot of pollution Are there any solutions to this? Chi: In fact, there are no traditional cars; instead, people Phong: Sounds great Alternative energy is widely used in that city, isn’t it? Chi: Right Many big solar farms, using power from the sun, Phong: Awesome How about the accommodation? It’s also a source of pollution in the city Chi: There are no high-rise buildings, and people And the streets are narrow so that the buildings provide shade for each other Phong: I think the people there are happy and healthy because the air in Masdar is the best in the world IV Complete the conversation about the topic “What urban life will be like in 2050”, using the responses (A-F) given There is one extra response A charge cars faster than they currently B eat up carbon dioxide in the atmosphere or produce their own light using energy created by photosynthesis C self-healing concrete, be powered by their solar paint and even have flying robots D to share information such as water flow and distribution E produce their own energy, be linked together by suspended green walkways F in future the light sequencing might change automatically Ha: I’m thinking about our assignment “What urban life will be like in 2050” In my opinion, many