CELLULAR NETWORKS ͳ POSITIONING, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS, RELIABILITY Edited by Agassi Melikov Cellular Networks - Positioning, Performance Analysis, Reliability Edited by Agassi Melikov Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ivana Lorkovic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright ricardomiguel.pt, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published March, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Cellular Networks - Positioning, Performance Analysis, Reliability, Edited by Agassi Melikov p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-246-3 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Part 2 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Preface IX Positioning Problems in Cellular Networks 1 Wireless Positioning: Fundamentals, Systems and State of the Art Signal Processing Techniques 3 Lingwen Zhang, Cheng Tao and Gang Yang Positioning in Cellular Networks 51 Mirjana Simić and Predrag Pejović Middleware for Positioning in Cellular Networks 77 Israel Martin-Escalona, Francisco Barcelo-Arroyo and Marc Ciurana Hexagonal vs Circular Cell Shape: A Comparative Analysis and Evaluation of the Two Popular Modeling Approximations 103 Konstantinos B. Baltzis An Insight into the Use of Smart Antennas in Mobile Cellular Networks 123 Carmen B. Rodríguez-Estrello and Felipe A. Cruz Pérez Mathematical Models and Methods in Cellular Networks 149 Approximated Mathematical Analysis Methods of Guard-Channel-Based Call Admission Control in Cellular Networks 151 Felipe A. Cruz-Pérez, Ricardo Toledo-Marín and Genaro Hernández-Valdez Numerical Approach to Performance Analysis of Multi-Parametric CAC in Multi-Service Wireless Networks 169 Agassi Melikov and Mehriban Fattakhova Contents Contents VI Call-Level Performance Sensitivity in Cellular Networks 193 Felipe A. Cruz-Pérez, Genaro Hernández-Valdez and Andrés Rico-Páez Channel Assignment in Multihop Cellular Networks 211 Xue Jun Li and Peter Han Joo Chong Mobility and QoS-Aware Service Management for Cellular Networks 243 Omneya Issa Radio Resource Management in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks 267 Olabisi E. Falowo and H. Anthony Chan Providing Emergency Services in Public Cellular Networks 285 Jiazhen Zhou and Cory Beard Performance Analysis of Seamless Handover in Mobile IPv6-based Cellular Networks 305 Liyan Zhang, Li Jun Zhang and Samuel Pierre Reliabilty Issuses in Cellular Networks 331 Automation of Cellular Network Faults 333 Okuthe P. Kogeda and Johnson I. Agbinya Forward Error Correction for Reliable e-MBMS Transmissions in LTE Networks 353 Antonios Alexiou, Christos Bouras, Vasileios Kokkinos, Andreas Papazois and Georgia Tseliou Coordination of the Cellular Networks through Signaling 375 Metabolic Networking through Enzymatic Sensing, Signaling and Response to Homeostatic Fluctuations 377 Victoria Bunik Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Part 3 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Part 4 Chapter 16 Pref ac e Wireless cellular networks are an integral part of modern telecommunication systems. Today it is hard to imagine our life without the use of such networks. Nevertheless, the development, implementation and operation of these networks require engineers and scientists to address a number of interrelated problems. Among them are the problem of choosing the proper geometric shape and dimensions of cells based on geographic location, fi nding the optimal location of cell base station, selection the scheme divid- ing the total net bandwidth between its cells, organization of the handover of a call between cells, information security and network reliability, and many others. This book mainly focuses on three types of problems from the above list - Positioning, Performance Analysis and Reliability. It contains four sections. The fi rst part is devoted to problems of Positioning and contains fi ve chapters. Here, the fi rst three chapters discuss various methods and models to solve these problems. Chapter 1 is a review devoted to a detailed analysis of the main problems regarding Positioning in wireless networks. Chapter 4 is devoted to a comparative analysis of the two most popular choices of the geometric structure of a cell - hexagon and circle. The fi nal chapter 5 of this part discusses some issues on signal processing using Smart Antennas. Part 2 contains eight Chapters which are devoted to quality of service (QoS) metrics analysis of wireless cellular networks. Chapter 6 is a review of known algorithms to calculate QoS metrics in wireless cellular networks with call admission control based on guard channels. Unifi ed approximate approach to QoS metrics calculations in multi-service wireless cellular networks under two multi-parametric call admission controls is proposed in Chapter 7. The proposed approach provides high accuracy. In Chapter 8, QoS metrics sensitivity to the fi rst three moments of both cell dwell time and unencumbered interruption time in cellular networks is investigated. In Chapter 9, authors propose two channel assignment schemes in multihop cellular networks - asymmetric fi xed channel assignment and multihop dynamic channel assignment. For both schemes exact and an approximated multi-dimensional Markov chain models are developed to analyze its QoS metrics. In Chapter 10, call admission control and adapta- tion (degradation and improvement) issues for elastic calls under restricted resources and bandwidth fl uctuation has been considered. In Chapter 11, joint call admission controls algorithms in heterogeneous cellular networks are developed and their per- formance is investigated through numerical simulations. In Chapter 12, three call admission control strategies (i.e. resource reservation, queuing, and preemption) in public cellular networks with emergency services is proposed. Novel analytical mod- els to evaluate the performance of seamless handover in mobile IPv6-based cellular networks are developed in Chapter 13. X Preface Part 3 contains two Chapters and these Chapters deal with reliability issues of wireless cellular networks. In Chapter 14 Bayesian network model and mobile intelligent agents approaches are combined for automating fault prediction in wireless cellular networks. In Chapter 15, the application of forward error correction in Multimedia Broadcast over Single Frequency Network transmissions over long term evolution wireless cellular networks is examined. Last Part 4 is a special one and it contains only one Chapter 16 in which basic mecha- nisms of the metabolic network coordination are proposed and their applications in both primary and complex networks are shown. The book will be useful to researches in academia and industry and also to post-gradute students in telecommunication specialitiies. Prof. Dr Agassi Melikov Institute of Cybernetics, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaij an, Azerbaij an . Bunik Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Part 3 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Part 4 Chapter 16 Pref ac e Wireless cellular networks are an integral part of modern telecommunication. CELLULAR NETWORKS ͳ POSITIONING, PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS, RELIABILITY Edited by Agassi Melikov Cellular Networks - Positioning, Performance Analysis, Reliability Edited by. at www.intechopen.com Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Part 2 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Preface IX Positioning Problems in Cellular Networks 1 Wireless Positioning: Fundamentals,