Use Of Organic Materials As Growing Media For Melon (Cucumismelo L. Cv. Huigu) Production In Organic Cultivation.pdf

Số hóa bởi Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐHTN http //www lrc tnu edu vn Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Ph D Dissertation[.]

Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Ph.D Dissertation Use of organic materials as growing media for melon (Cucumismelo L CV Huigu) production in organic cultivation Advisor: Chong-Ho Wang, Ph.D Student: Nguyen Van Tam May 10, 2016 Số hóa Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐHTN Tai ngay!!! Ban co the xoa dong chu nay!!! http://www.lrc.tnu.edu.vn Abstract Student ID: P10122020 Title of Dissertation: Use of organic materials as growing media for melon (Cucumismelo L CV Huigu) production in organic cultivation Total Pages: 212pages Name of Institute: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology Graduate Date: May 10, 2016Degree Conferred: Doctoral Degree Name of Student: Nguyen Van Tam Advisor: Chong-Ho Wang, Ph.D The Content of Abstract in This Dissertation: The study was conducted at National Pingtung University of Science and Technology from August, 2013 to May, 2015 The objectives of the study: (1) To evaluate the physical and chemical properties of growing media from vermicompost (VC), spent mushroom substrate (SMS), sulfur (S0) and their effects on the growth and nutrient uptake of honeydew melon seedlings; (2) To evaluate efficiency of using cattle manure compost (CaMC) and coconut husk (CH) to replace for VC And then investigating the effects of combination of SMS, VC, S0 with CaMC or CH on physical and chemical properties of growing media and the respond of honeydew melon seedlings; (3) To evaluate the effects of seedlings, mixture of SMS with chicken manure compost (ChMC) on yield, and fruit quality of honeydew melon; (4) To evaluate the effects of SMS, VC, CaMC and their continuous application on the soil properties, growth and yield of honeydew melon The study includes four parts: The first part, we investigated the effects of mixture i Số hóa Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐHTN http://www.lrc.tnu.edu.vn (including SMS, VC, and S0) on physical, chemical properties of growing media, their influences on growth and nutrient uptake of honeydew melon seedlings The second part, based on the results of the first part, we used CaMC and CH to replace some parts of VC And then, we evaluated the influences of combination between these organic materials on physical, chemical properties of growing media and their effects on growth and nutrient uptake of honeydew melon seedlings The third part, we used honeydew melon seedlings grown in four different substrates in nursery period and two different rates of organic material mixture (including CaMC and SMS) And then, we investigated the effects of organic material rates on physical, chemical properties of the soil We also evaluated the effects of different seedlings and different rates of organic materials on the growth, yield, and fruit quality of honeydew melons The fourth part, in the first season, the experiment was carried out in pots under net house condition Each pot was filled with a homogenized mixture of 10 kg soil We mixed VC at the rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 kg/pot and SMS at the rates of 0.0, 0.2, and 0.4 kg/pot We investigated the effects of VC, SMS and their combination on the soil chemical properties, growth and yield of honeydew melon In the second season, we continuously used pots from the first season SMS was amended with the same rates as the first season However, VC applied was decreased and replaced by CaMC We continuously evaluated the effects of SMS, VC, CaMC and their combination on the chemical soil properties and honeydew melon performance The results indicated that: (1) Increasing VC proportion in the growing media induced increase bulk density and electrical conductivity, while increasing SMS content enhanced aeration porosity, total porosity, water holding capacity, and pH value Besides, S0 addition induced decrease in pH value and increase in EC value of the growing media Regarding the most suitable media for seedlings, SMS and VC at the ratio of 50% and S0 added with a rate of 1.0 g kg-1 substrate was considered as optimum condition for honeydew melon seedling production (2) All growing media mixed from SMS, VC, CaMC or CH and S0with the EC value from 3.82 dS m-1 to 4.53 dS m-1were suitable for honeydew melon seedlingperformance.At the same rate of SMS and VC, using CaMC produced an increase of nutrient concentration (except for Cu) ii Số hóa Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐHTN http://www.lrc.tnu.edu.vn in the growing media The growing medium with 50% SMS, 30% VC, 20% CH (pH = 6.41 and EC= 3.95 dS m-1)gave the best optimum condition for honeydew melon seedlings (3) Increasing SMS and ChMC enhanced soil productivity by increasing chemical, physical properties (pH, EC, OM) and nutrient concentration in the soil The different seedlings affected on plant height, stem diameter with the significance at 99% but they did not influence on total fruit yield and TSS of fruits The interaction effect of organic material rates and seedlings on yield and fruit quality also was not found Based on the found findings, rates which are the most suitable for yield and fruit quality of honeydew melon are SMS (40%) + ChMC (60%) for seedling production and 10 tons SMS + 10 tons ChMC ha-1(pH = 6.12 and EC = 0.54 dS m-1)for honeydew melon production in net house (4) There was significant increase in soil properties such as pH, OM, EC and macronutrient concentration as a result of SMS, VC, and CaMC amendment Application of SMS, VC, and CaMC also showed that it is very useful in honeydew melon production However, the rates of 0.2 kg SMS + 1.5 kg VC/pot (EC = 1.68dS m-1)in the first season and 0.2 kg SMS + 1.0 kg VC + 1.0 kgCaMC/pot (EC = 1.87 dS m-1) in the second season were the most sufficient for higher productivity of honeydew melon in organic agriculture Key words: organic agriculture, spent mushroom substrate, vermicompost, cattle manure compost, chicken manure compost, coconut husk, honeydew melon iii Số hóa Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐHTN http://www.lrc.tnu.edu.vn LIST OF ABBREVIATION CaMC Cattle manure compost CH Coconut husk ChMC Chicken manure compost EC Electrical conductivity FAO Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations LSD Least significant different OM Organic matter PLS Partial least squares S0 Sulfur SPAD Special products analysis division SMS Spent mushroom substrate TA Titratable acidity TSS Total soluble solids VC Vermicompost WHC Water holding capacity iv Số hóa Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐHTN http://www.lrc.tnu.edu.vn ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Firstly, I would like to thank my advisor, Prof Dr Chong- Ho Wang for his guidance, help and supervision throughout this study I also would like to thank all professors in the first evaluation and graduate committees for their suggestions and comments I would like to thank NPUST for the budget support for my Ph.D program I would like to give my gratitude to professors, staffs, and students of NPUST, OIA, DTAIC, Department of Plant Industry, Organic Agricultural Laboratory for their help Lastly, I would like to thank my family members, my friends for their help and encouragement Taiwan, March 26th, 2016 Nguyen Van Tam v Số hóa Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐHTN http://www.lrc.tnu.edu.vn TABLE OF CONTENTS CHINESE ABSTRACT ABSTRACT i LIST OF ABBREVIATION iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS v TABLE OF CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xiv LIST OF PICTURES xx CHAPTER INTRODUCTION CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Melon (Cucumismelo L.) 2.1.1 Classification 2.1.2 Characteristic 2.1.3 Origin 10 2.1.4 Production 11 vi Số hóa Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐHTN http://www.lrc.tnu.edu.vn 2.2 Honeydew melon 13 2.2.1 Origin 13 2.2.2 Variety 14 2.2.3 Planting 15 2.2.4 Fertilizing 16 2.2.5 Watering .16 2.2.6 Harvest 16 2.2.7 Common problems .17 2.3 Effects of nutrients on melon production 17 2.3.1 Effects of organic fertilizer on melon production 17 2.3.2 Effects of inorganic fertilizer on melon production 18 2.4 Organic agriculture production 22 2.4.1 The definition of organic agriculture 22 2.4.2 Effects of organic materials on the soil 22 2.4.2.1 Effects of organic materials on physical properties of the soil 22 2.4.2.2 Effects of organic materials on chemical properties of the soil 25 2.4.2.3 Effects of organic materials on biological properties of the soil 28 2.4.3 Studies on using SMS, VC, manure compost, and CH 30 2.4.3.1 Studies on using SMS 30 vii Số hóa Trung tâm Học liệu – ĐHTN http://www.lrc.tnu.edu.vn 2.4.3.2 Studies on using VC 34 2.4.3.3 Studies on using manure compost 37 2.4.3.4 Studies on using coconut husk (CH) 39 CHAPTER 41 MATERIALS AND METHODS 41 3.1 The experiment setup 41 3.1.1 Experiment I: Effects of SMS and VC on the growth and nutrient uptake of honeydew melon (Cucumismelo L inodorus) seedlings 41 3.1.2 Experiment II: Use of organic materials as growing media for honeydew melon (Cucumismelo L inodorus) seedlings in organic agriculture 42 3.1.3 Experiment III: Effects of organic materials on growth, yield, and fruit quality of honeydew melon (Cucumismelo L inodorus) 44 3.1.4 Experiment IV: Effects of continuously applying organic materials on soil properties, growth and yield of honeydew melon (CucumismeloL inodorus) 46 3.1.4.1 The first season (spring 2014) 46 3.1.4.2 The second season (summer 2014) 48 3.2 Observations recorded 49 3.2.1 Stage of seedling production 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Bioresource Technology 67: 43-46 Wong, M H 1985 Effects of animal manure composts on tree (Acacia confusa) seedling growth Agricultural wastes 13: 261-272 Zebarth, B J., G H Neilsen, E Hogue, and D Neilsen 1999 Influence of organic waste amendments on selected soil physical and chemical properties Canadian Journal of Soil Science 79: 501-504 Zhang, R H., Z Q Duan, and Z G.Li 2012 Use of spent mushroom substrate as growing media for tomato and cucumber seedlings Pedosphere22: 333-342 175 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF AUTHOR Full name: Nguyen Van Tam Gender: Male Date of birth: October 20, 1981 Nationality: Place of birth: Vietnam BacGiang province, Vietnam Current Institution: Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Coorperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology (NPUST)Pingtung- Taiwan Permanent Address: 1, Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung, Taiwan Mobile: 0934 155 022 Email: nguyenvantamkn@gmail.com Education background: a Academic qualification Education Bachelor Master PhD Period of Name of Institution Thai Nguyen University enrollment of 2001 Agriculture and Forestry - Viet Nam Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry - Viet Nam National Pingtung University of Science and Technology - Taiwan 176 2005 - Major Field Crop Science 2009 - 2011 Crop Science Organic 2012-2015 farming management b Professional experiences Period From the 06/2006 to 2012 Nature of the occupation Employer Thai Lecturer University of Agriculture and Forestry Project: 2006 Nguyen Taken part as a researcher Public Community Communication in Thai Nguyen, BacKan, TuyenQuang province 2007 Taken part as a researcher Project: Changing the system of crops in Lang Son city Project: Women cooperating for 2008 - 2009 Taken part as a researcher economic development in Thai Nguyen province Project: Sustainable community- 2008- 2010 Taken part as a researcher based forestry development and management in some hight poverty areas in BacKan province Project: Situation and solution to 2009-2012 Taken part as a researcher develop farm BacKan province 177 economics in Publications on the subject of the Ph.D dissertation Nguyen Van Tam, Chong-Ho Wang (2015) Use of spent mushroom substrate and manure compost for honeydew melon seedlings.Journal of Plant Growth Regulation.34, 417-424 (SCI journal) Nguyen Van Tam, Chong-Ho Wang (2015).Effects of spent mushroom substrate and vermicompost on the growth and nutrient uptake of honeydew melon seedlings.International Journal of Horticultural & Crop Science Research 5, 9-23 (English journal) Nguyen Van Tam, Chong-Ho Wang (2015) Effects of organic materials on growth, yield, and fruit quality of honeydew melon.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, (47), 495-504.(SCI journal) Nguyen Van Tam, Chong-Ho Wang (2015) Effects of organic materials on soil properties, growth and yield of honeydew melon.(Under review) Nguyen Van Tam, Chong-Ho Wang (2015) Use of organic materials as growing media for honeydew melon seedlings in organic agriculture.(Under review) 178