Thử nghiệm cỏ vertiver trong xử lý nước thải sinh hoạt từ ký túc xá sinh viên

TRUNG TAM PHAT TRIEN KH&CN THE THANH DOAN Sa KHOA HOC CONG NG11€ TP HO CHI MINH *** *** De' tai: THe NGHIEM CO VETIVER (Vetiverria zizanioides L.) TRONG XU' LY NIA3C THAI SINH HOAT Tip KY TUC XA SINH VIEN Chti tthi'C'm de tai: KS DUVNG THANH LAM Co van de tai: ThS CAO XUAN TAI Tham gia tittle hi01: ThS LE QUOC TUAN ThS PHAM MINH THINH KS HO DAC TUAN ANH CN NGUYEN THI 1'LT LY TP HO CHI MINH 7/2005 LdI CAM CiN Chang tot xin gin lei cam than - S6 Khoa, hoc va COng nghe Tp 1-18 Chi Minh Trung tam Phat hien KH&CN Tre — Thanh doan Tp H8 Chi Minh da cung cap kinh phi va tao didu kien de cluing tol hoar' de tai nghien cdu Trung tam Cong nghe va Quin 1/ Moi tru'dng & Tai nguyen Vien Sinh hoc Nhiet D6i Ban Giam do-c K2 tic xd DH Nong Lam Tp.HCM oda cung cap ho trd thieet bi, dung cu, dia diem boe tri thi nghiem va gidp cluing t8i qua trinh thlic hien de tai - Thy PGS.TS Bui Cach Tuye-n, Thy ThS Le Qudc Tun da danh nhieu thdi gian dung gop / kie-n qu/ bau de gidp Chung t6i hoan tong trinh nghien cdu Tp H8 Chi Minh, 12/7/2005 Chu nhiem dd tai DthiNG THANH LAM DANH SA CH CAC BANG Bang 2.1 : Tieu chugn cap nttdc cho sinh hoat thi 19 Bang 2.2 : Chi s6 dan arcing during va tieu chugn nttdc thai cho mOt don vi tinh ctia cOng trInh Ong cOng, dich via mOt 19 Bang 2.3 : Khol ldong chat ban c6 nudc thai sinh hoat, gingddi.ngay 20 Bang 2.4 : Tai lacing va ruing rip chdt ban nudc thai sinh hoat ttY cdc ngoi nha hoac cum dan (Ric lap 21 Bang 2.5 : Cac phu'Ong phdp xd'19 nttdc thai sinh hoat 22 Bang 3.1 : Nhiet dO tUri gian thi nghiem 28 Bang 3.2 : Thanh pha'n dung dich Knop 28 Bang 4.1: Ke't qua phan tich cac chi lieu hod 19 clia nudc thai sinh host a KTX 34 Bang 4.2 : Sot Nen thien gid tri pH Bang 4.3 : Hien slat xtit ly BOD5 nu'Oc thai Bang 4.4 : Hieu sudt xii'19 COD nttdc thai Bang 4.5 : Hieu suit xix ly N-NH4 + Bang 4.6 : Hieu suit xtY ly Photpho tong Bang 4.7 : Hieu sudt xt119 SS nudc thai Bang 4.8 : Ham lu'dng Coliform sau the( nghiem Bang 4.9 : Ham Wong E.coli sau that nghiem Bang 4.10 : Sot bie'n thien gid tri pH 35 36 38 39 40 41 42 43 45 Bang 4.11 : Hieu suit xi? 19 BOD5 nudc thai 46 Bang 4.12 : Hieu matt xi( 19 COD 47 Bang 4.13 : Hieu sudt xt ly N:NH+4trong rid& thai 48 Bang 4.14 : Hieu sudt xt/19 Photpho tang nttdc thai 49 Bang 4.15 : Hieu sudt xit 19 SS nudc thai 50 Bang 4.16 : Bien thien ham lacing Coliform 51 Bang 4.17 : Bien thien ham lacing E.coli 52 Bang 4.18 : So sanh cac chi tieu qua mo hlnh xii ly 55 Bang 4.19 : Ham lacing N,P co tru'dc va sau Clu'a nudc thai vao 55 Bang 4.20: Chenh lech (A) ham lacing N, P co tru'dc va sau du'a vao dung dich node thai 55 Bang 4.21: Nang sual sinh kh6i 56 ii DANH SACH CAC HINH Hinh 2.1 : HInh thai co Vetiver HInh 2.2 : He th6ng re co Vetiver Hinh 2.3 : Hieu qui gig cla't cila co Vetiver 13 Hinh 2.4 : CO Vetiver ben cluting cao t6c 13 Hinh 2.5 : Sin phgm du'dc tao tu' la co Vetiver 26 Hinh 2.6 : CO vetiver bio ve kenh, nuking an nutic thii va bin h6 27 Hinh 3.1 : M6 hinh canh c18ng ng4p nutdc 30 Hlnh 3.2 : M6 hlnh co Vetiver canh d6ng ng'ap nu'dc 30 Hinh 3.3 : Muting sinh h9c 31 Hinh 3.4 : Toan canh khu thi nghiem 31 Hinh 3.5 : Re co Vetiver sau trong muting sinh hoc 32 Hinh 3.6 : CO Vetiver muting sinh hoc 32 Hinh 4.1 : Bidu d6 bidn thien gia tri pH 36 Hinh 4.2 : Bi'du (16 bidn thien ham hiring BOD5 midc thii 37 Hinh 4.3 : Bidu c16 bidn thien ham luring COD nu'dc thii 38 Hinh 4.4 : Bidu d6 bidn thien ham hiring N-NH4+ nuidc thii 39 Hinh 4.5 : Bidu d6 bidn thien ham luting Phospho tong nuidc thii 40 Hinh 4.6 : Bidu (16 bidn thien ham lu'Ong SS nu'dc thii 41 Hinh 4.7 : Bidu d6 bidn thien ham Wong Coliform 42 HInh 4.8 : Bidu d6 bidn thien ham lacing E.coli 43 Hinh 4.9 : CO Vetiver canh d6ng ngip nu'dc 44 Hinh 4.10: Bidu bin thien gia tri pH 45 Hinh 4.11: Bi'du c16 Wen thien ham luting BOD5 nu'dc thii 46 Hinh 4.12 : Bidu c16 hieu sudt xt1 Uf COD nude thii 47 Hinh 4.13 : Bidu d6 hieu mat xii ly N-NH4+ nude thii 48 Hinh 4.14: Bidu c16 bidn thien ham luring Photpho tong nude thai 49 Hlnh 4.15 : Bien d6 bie'n thien ham luring SS nuidc thii 50 HInh 4.16 : Bidud6 bien thien ham Wong Coliform nude thai 51 Hinh 4.17 : Bidu d6 bidn thien ham lu'ong E.coli nude thdi 52 HInh 4.18 : He thong re co Vetiver dung dich Knop 53 Hinh 4.19 : Re co Vetiver trong mu'Ong sinh hoc 54 Hinh 4.20 : CO Vetiver 5, tan sau trong muting sinh hoc 54 DANH MVC VIgT TAT BOD Nhu eau oxy sinh hoc COD Nhu cau oxy sinh hoa DO Ham Wong oxy hoa tan SS Chdt ran 1ci ltIng GVHD Gido vien hu'dng clan KLTN Khoa luan tit nghiep TCVN Tieu chi& Viet Nam KTX K5 ttic xd VSV Vi sinh vat MHXLNT MO hinh MSH Muc5ng sinh hoc CDNN Canh d8ng ngap nu'dc CDHST Chat dieu hda sinh trtrang nu'oc thai iv MIX LIX LOrI CAM (iN DANH SACH CAC BANG ii DANH SACH CAC HINH iii DANH MIX VIET TAT iv MUC LIX CHIVNG 1- MO DAU 1.1 Glen THItU 1.2 TiNH CAP THIET COA DE TAI 1.3 MVC TIEU NGHIEN CeU 1.4 NOI DUNG NGHIEN CCU 1.5 GIOI HAN PHAM VI NGHIEN ct3u 1.6 "i" NGHIA KHOA HOC 1.7 NGHTA THLIC TIEN COA DE TAI NGHIEN CCU CHIVNG - TONG QUAN TAI LIEU 1 1 2 2 2.1 DAC TiNH COA CO VETIVER VA ONG DUNG TRONG VfEC Xff LY NIJOC THAI 2.1.1 Ca vetiver 2.1.2 Da.c tinh ang dungcaa ca Vetiver 2.1.3 Ddu có Vetiver 10 2.1.4 Sau benh va dem nang ca dgi 10 2.1.5 He thong co Vetiver 10 2.2 1JNG DUNG CONG NGHE CO VETIVER TREN THE GO' 14 2.3 MI& DAU CONG NGHE CO VETIVER O VItT NAM 15 2.4 Co VETIVER VA MOI TRIJONG O NHIEM 16 2.4.1 vai kit& niem 16 2.4.2 O nhigm mai triteing nude thai (Ong nghiep 17 2.4.3 Lori ich caa ca Vetiver 17 2.5 SO LUVNG THANH PHAN VA TfNH CHAT 17 2.5.1 Theo ngudn go'c hinh 18 2.5.2 Theo doi tucng thocit nude 18 2.5.3 Theo d(ic diem he thong thodt nude 18 2.5.4 So" luring nuoc thc7i va chi dO thai nuac 19 2.5.5 Thanh plan va tinh chat ?ureic Mai: 19 2.6 Nmkm MO1 miu'dNG DO NIA,C THAI SINH HOAT 21 2.7 CAC PHIIONG PHAP XLf LII' NU'dC THAI SINH HOAT 22 2.7.1 Xtl 1j tut& Mai sinh hoot dieu kien to nhien 22 a Xi( ly ntrOc thai b'ang canh ang loc, canh ang tadi, bai loc sinh hoc 22 b Ao ho sinh hoc (he) sinh hoc hid'u khi, ky, khi) 22 2.7.2 X1'4 1)inueic thai sinh hoot bang phuong phcip nhan tgo 22 a Cac phuting phap xit ly hieu 23 b Cac pinking phap ky 23 c Vi sinh vat phat tridn tren gia the: 23 2.8 NHONG 1.1U DIEM VA NHIJgC DIEM TRONG QUA TR/NH DUNG THVC VAT DE XU' LI' I' NU& THAI 24 2.8.1 Liu diem 24 2.8.2 Nhavc diem 24 2.9 NANG SUAT SINH KHOI CUA THUC VAT 25 CHCCING - NOI DUNG VA PHUVNG PHAP THI NGHIEM 3.1 THOI GIAN VA DIA DIEM THI NGHIEM 3.2 VAT LIEU THI NGHIEM 3.3 NGUON NIJOC THAT VA PHIJgNG PHAP LAY MAU 3.4 PHUONG PHAP TRONG THUi' CANH CO 3.4.1 Mo hinh not (twang sinh h9c) 3.4.2 MO hinh chim (cdnh ddng ng4p nude) 3.5 MO TA THE NGHIEM 3.5.1 Thi nghiem 3.5.2 Thi nghiem 3.6 CAC CHI TIEU THEO DOI VA PHUONG PHAP PHAN TfCH 3.6.1 CM tieu theo d'oi 3.6.2 Phao'ng phap xdc djnh 3.7 PHUCING PHAP XU' LI SO LIEU: 28 28 28 29 29 29 29 30 30 31 33 33 33 33 CHUZING - KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 34 4.1 KHAO SAT HIEN TRANG HE THONG THOAT NU/3C, LUU LUNG THAI VA DAC TINH NU& THAI O KTX 34 4.1.1 He thong thodt nude tai KTX 34 4.1.2 Lau lacing nude thcii tai KTX An Giang 34 4.1.3 Dac tinh nude thdi caa KTX 34 4.2 KET QUA THI:i NGHIEM XCi LI'r NU& THAI SINH HOAT 35 4.2.1 CM so/ pH 35 4.2.2 Chi so/ 130D5 36 4.2.3 CM so COD 37 4.2.4 Chi so" N-N114+ 39 4.2.5 CM so" Photpho tong 40 4.2.6 Chi so" SS 41 4.2.7 Chi so" Coliform 42 4.2.8 Chi so E.coli 43 4.2.9 Nh4n xet chung ve kit qud tha nghiem 43 4.3 KET QUA THCi NGHIEM Xe IS( NIJOC THAI SINH HOAT BANG MUZiNG SINH HOC 45 4.3.1 Chi seipH 45 4.3.2 CM so/ BOD5 46 4.3.3 Chi so COD 47 4.3.4 Chi so"Isl-NH4+ 48 4.3.5 Chi so" Photpho tong 49 4.3.6 Ham luting SS 50 4.3.7 CM so Coliform 51 4.3.8 Chi so/ E.coli 52 vi 4.3.9 Torn tat kit quci thi nghiern 4.4 SO SANH DANH GIA HAI MO H/NH Xfr L11 4.5 HAM LUC:NG CHAT KHO TRONG CO 4.6 NANG SUAT SINH KHOI CUA CO VETIVER HAI MO H1NH 53 55 55 56 CHIANG - KET LU4N VA ICIgN NGHI 57 5.1 ICET LUAN 5.2 KIEN NGHI TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 57 57 59 vii CHliCING 1- MO DA U 1.1 GIOI THICU O Viet Nam, (lac biet la cl Tp HCM va cac tinh mien Dong Nam be tInh trang nhi8m dang la van a cap thi6t, ddc biet la nhiem nu'dc tap trung chtl y6u tai cac khu ch6 xuaft, khu vu'c long dan mt Theo th6ng ke cda BO KHCN & MT, cac chi s6 dub/ 19, duly hod va thiy sinh tai hau h6t cac thiy vu'c d6u vu'dt qua chi tieu cho phop rat nhi6u lan Didu gay anh huclng nghiem d6n khoe, sti an toan va phat tri6n cia ngu'di cling nhu' cac sinh vat mei truting Do vay, xi' ly nu'dc thai - bao ve mei taking clang tra met van a al) thi6t Ngoai viec xi 19 nucic thai ding nghiep 134 nhiem ttY cac nha may san xudt thl nhiem nu'dc thai sinh hoat cling la met van a cap thi6t O nhiem nu'dc thai sinh hoat ti' cac khu chung cu' va (lac biet la tU kyr tic xd sinh vier' la mot Yin a can quan tarn Thanh ph6 HO Chi Minh la ndi tap trung dung clao cac tru 5ng dai hoc, cao dang va trung hoc chuyen nghiep, s6 lu'ong sinh vien song a cac kyr ttic xd cang dong, lu'dng nttdc thai sinh hoat cang nhi'du (rieng tai k9 ttic xd An Giang — TrutIng Dai Hoc Mktg Lam, kh6i ltrdng nucic thai sinh boat moi c6 the len den 100m3), c6 nhirng ndi lu'dng nu'dc thai va khong du'dc xi 19 va d6 cling chinh la nguyen nhan gdy nhiem mei truting Hien da c6 nhitu bien phap xi 19 nu'dc thai du'dc sit dung kha Ong rai, d6 "ph:ling phdp sinh hpc" la kha hieu qua, it dau tti, phi hdp vdi tinh hinh kinh t6 cl nttdc ta Du'dc gidi thieu nhu' met loai thlic vat da nang da dung, bac) ve ddt va nu'dc nong nghiep, co Vetiver (Vetiverria zizanioides L.) On clt(dc ti'ng dung nhi6u link vtic khac nhd nhicrig dac tinh sinh 19 dec dao va kha nAng thich ti'ng tren moi dia hinh, di6u kien hdu khac nhau, lai hoan toan khong co ti6m nang tra co dai Gan day, Uc va Trung Qu6c TA' co vai nghien cctu si dung co Vetiver xit 19 nukfic thai, phat hien co Vetiver co kha nAng hdp thu ham ltietng cao N, P va kim loai nang Tai Viet Nam, cli6u Icien dia ly tit nhien kha dac biet cho sti phat tridn cac khu xti 19 sinh hoc tYng dung thgc vat bdc cao va iYng dung co Vetiver xd ly nude thai la yin d8 hoan toan mdi 1.2 TINH CAP THIET CUA DE TAI NguOn ntidc thai sinh hoat hang la met ngu6n nu'dc thai kitting du'dc an toan c6 chtta nhi6u hdp chit lau cd, virus, vi trung, trtYng giun san ngu6n ntidc co nguy ccs tra nguyen nhan tryc tiep hoac gian tie-p phat sinh lay lan mot s6 benh cho ngu'di va anh ci6n moi truting xung quanh Chinh vi vay ma viec thiet ke- he th6ng nu'dc thai sinh hoat cho ttic xa la met hoat cleng h6t sac can thi6t va cap bach 1.3 MIJC TIEU NGHIEN CeU - Xdc dinh cac chi tieu hoa ly ctia nucic thai sinh hoat a lam cd sa cho viec tinh toan va thith k6 he thong xti 19 mtdc thai - Xac dinh mo hinh xi 19 nu'dc thai - Tien hanh tinh toan thi6t ke- cac mO hlnh va ltia chon pinking an kha thi nhdt 1.4 NO' DUNG NGHIEN CeU - Khao sat hien trang va tlnh hinh hoat Ong cda k9 tdc xa (KTX) - Xac dinh rtgu8n thai, ldu ldc.sng, mOt s6 chi tieu hoa 19 cda nudc thdi tit k9 tdc xa - Xay du'ng m6 hinh xd ly nu'dc thai (MHXLNT) va tren cd sa danh gia, lila chon mo hinh thich hop 1.5 G161 HAN PHAM VI NGHIEN - Chi tinh toan, thi6t k6 MHXLNT sinh hoat tai Ky Ttic Xd An Giang — TruThig Dai Hoc N6ng Lam TPHCM - De tai nghien cdu gidi han chi xac dinh cac chi tieu BOD5, COD, SS, N-NH4+, coliform, E.coli 1.61? NGHIA KHOA HQC a - Qua tai se lam tang them sit hiSu bi6t ve viec mi 19 nu& thdi bang phudng phdp "sinh hoc" vdi cac loai thdc vat khac ding nhu' cac loai nu'dc thdi khac - T1m hidu them v8 cd ch6 cda cac loai thdc vat del t?ng dung vao vide xd 19 cac loai nudc thdi khdc 1.7 V NGHIA THIJC TIEN CiJA DE TAI NGHIEN ceu - Sau xi ly node thdi cda KTX se dudc tai sit dung c16 lam ngu8n nude tddi cho cac loai cay treing, cay hoa mau khac - Giam thiSu van v6 o nhiem rnoi truing cac loai midc thdi thdi ngoai moi trding a - Tim du'Oc quy trinh xd 19 nu'oc thdi sinh hoat bang phu'Ong phap sinh hoc phd hop vdi didu lcien kinh t6 cda nu'dc to va phd help vdi quy m6 xd ly nttdc thdi a cac dia phudng 4.3 KET QUA THe NGHIO4 SINH HQC Nil& THAI SINN HOT BANG MIXING - Sau cho nuac thai vao muOng sinh hoc cho den nu'dc on dinh mot tuan, sau lay mau dem di phan tich ta du'Oc k6t qua sau: 4.3.1 Chi so pH - Chi s6 pH nhhm xac dinh tinh axit hoac bazd co nutic thai - Tien hanh pH a cac thai diem lay mau ta co ket qua: Bing 4.10: Sy hien thien gia tri pH Ngay the PH 6.91 5.76 10 6.49 15 6.50 20 6.52 25 6.69 30 7.14 35 7.15 7.27 40 45 7.34 50 7.43 TCVN 5945-1995 (1o4iB) 5,5-9 ai—es s • u— Chl s6 p1-1] O 00 DO (1/0 Tivn gian(ngay) Hinh 4.10: Bien d6 bie'n thien gia tri pH Nhan xet: - Data vao bidu ta thay hoat clang ctia mu'cing sinh hoc di vao On dinh thi pH tang len - Gia tri pH thay doi lien tuc qua cac khac nhu'ng van dam bao vdi tieu cd co chugn thai ngoai, gia tri pH tang dan qua trinh phan giai cac hop chat nudc thai nhO hoat CIOng cua cac vi sinh vat 45 - Ta thdy gia tri pH sau thoi gian thi nghiem IA 50 van tang blnh tht(?ing nhang van dam bat) TCVN 5945-1995 du tieu chuan thai ngoai 4.3.2 Chi a BOD5 - Ham lu'cing BOD lA nhu cau oxy sinh hoc: La ham lutgng oxy can thi6t cung di) cho vi sinh vat phan ht3y cdc hcip chit hisru ca - Theo dOi chi tieu BOD5 qua cdc thOi diem khdc ta c6 bang k6t qua: Bang 4.11: Hitt slat Ngay thtt 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 BOD5 nu'oc thai Ham Itigng BOD5 (mg/L) Milling Hi'u Wu HiO sinh hoc sug(%) d6i cheng slat(%) 167 167 143 14 161 18 154 137 88 47 142 15 88 48 136 19 78 53 118 29 103 38 62 63 41 55 67 98 44 26 84 94 47 25 85 88 14 92 79 53 TCVN 5945-1995 lo4i B(50mg/L) 180 160 140 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 120 100 80 60 40 20 iv —1• Ham ItrOng SOD L—o— Hien suit xi ly(%) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Thai giun (ngity) Binh 4.11: Bieu hien thien ham lu'gng BOD5 midc thai Nhan xet: - Qua bidu de) ta tha'y sau thdi gian thi ngh*n thi n8ng dO BOD5 sau dat chat lutgng thai vao moi truTing Be dOi chdng c6 nOng dO BOD5 au IA 79 (mg/ L), khong dat chat lacing neon loai B TCVN 5945 - 1995 (50 mg/ L) d mo hinh c6 n8ng dO BOD5 du la 14 (mg/ L) dat chdt lu'ong ngu8n loai A TCVN 5945 -1995 (20mg/L) 46 - Hieu qui xit 19 tai h6 d6i chIng dat thdp nhdt (53%) Hieu qua dat cao nhdt tai rmidng sinh hoc voi hieu suit khoing 92% Tom 14i, hieu qui xif 19 BOD5 bhng co Vetiver rat cao va on dinh, dat tieu chwin thai nguem loci A thdi gian sau thi nghiem IA 50 day cho nu'oc thii vac) canh dung ngAp nu'oc thl teen b8 mAt se xudt hien met lop mang cac chdt beo N/A chdt ld Bing du'dc git lai tren be mAt lop cat, chinh lop mang ndi de cac vi sinh vat phat trien nhanh chong, mAt Ichac du'di sti phat then cila co Vertiver a troll b8 mAt cung cap met hiring oxy clang ke cho qua trinh phan tidy cac hdp chdt hieu cd -6 4.33 Chi so COD - Phan tich dinhIcS/ cac mAu to co 1c8t qui: Wing 4.12: HiOu sudt xtif 19 COD Ham hiring COD (mg/L) HiOu Ngay thti Mddng Hieu Mau sudt(%) deli chang silk(%) sinh hoc 269 269 254 17 224 10 243 18 221 10 21 212 49 138 15 28 194 138 49 20 33 181 126 53 25 35 63 175 30 100 39 164 67 35 89 43 154 85 41 40 47 142 85 41 45 127 53 25 91 50 TCVN 5945-1995 Ioai B(100mg/L) oA, 300 100 250 - 90 80 70 200 - 150 100 - 30 20 10 50 O F-01— Hamltrong COD(mg/1) 50 HiOu sud.t xtt is%(%) 40 60 4111 I 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Thai gian(ngay) Hinh 4.12: Bieu di; hiOu suit xi 19 COD rid& thai 47 Nhan xet: thdy hiOu qui xa 19 COD cda mo hinh tang On dinh, hidu qui dat - Qua bidu cao nhdt tai m6 hinh co Vetiver (91%) va till) nhdt Who d6i cluing (53%) - Tuy hidu qui xil 11 tai bd d6i chirng 53% nhang no'ng ci0 COD sau xa 19 van can cao al' 127 — 142 (mg/ L), chu'a dat tieu chuan thai ciia ngigIn loci B — TCVN 5945 — 1995 (100 mg/ L) - Hiu qui xi? 19 oh mo hinh rat cao, tit 70% — 90% (VA no'ng ci0 COD sau mu'cing tif 25 — 41 (mg/ L), dat tieu chuan ngigin loci B - Sau 60 thi muting sinh hoc di vac) on dinh - di day to thdy c6 Vertiver phat trien cang manh thi hi0 qui xt/19 COD tang dan, cang ldn thi nhu du hdp thy oxy cang cao, cung cap inOt lacing oxy clay du cho qud trinh phan hay cdc hop chit hilu cd a 4.3.4 Chi s6N-NH4+ - Tidn hanh thi ngh*n vA quan sat cac lcdt qui dat dacic: Bing 4.13: HiOu sug xi' If N-NH4+ nu'otc thii Ngay tint 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Ham hicing N-NH4+ (mg/L) Miu £081 chtirng Ming sinh hoc HiOu suit(%) 29.00 29 27.00 41 17 26.20 45 15.89 24.20 52 13.8 23.50 62 11.01 22.70 62 11 21.60 70 8.6 21.20 75 7.14 20.80 82 5.27 20.50 83 19.80 89 3.12 TCVN 5945-1995 lo#i B(1 mg/L) HiOusufft(%) 10 17 19 22 26 27 28 29 32 % 100 90 80 70 6017—'1 Ham lac:mg N- -1 NH4(mg/L) 50 HiOu swat xtl iy (%)I 401 —°— 35 30 25 20 15 30 20 10 10 O 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Thai gian(nghy) Hinh 4.13: Bieu MO sug mit If N-NH4+ ntWc thii 48 Nhfin xet: - Ta that)/ ham lacing N-NH4+ nutic thii giim clan a day mOt phAn bi oxy hod tdo NO2, NO3 va cung cal) chat dinh du'Ong cho cay nen ham liking giim den mdc an Binh - Ngoai ham hiring sau xii 1y can chu'a du tieu chi& ion hdn ham lacing NNH% theo TCVN 5945-1995 loai B (1 mg/L), vi vdy phii tielo tuc phan tich va tang thdi gian lu'u cho toi rut& thii on dinh du lieu chuSn thii ngoai - Dtia hien phap Ichac de? )(illy N-N1-11-4 43.5 Chi so- Phospho tang - Ti6n hanh thi nghiem va quan sat cdc kel qui dat du'dc: Bang 4.14: HiOu sudt xti If Phospho tang nate thai Ham hiking Photpho (mg/L) Hiu Ngay thd Mtidng Wu Mau sinh hQc sudt(%) dila cht?ng sudt(%) 2.30 2.3 0 2.24 2.1 2.20 24 1.75 10 2.16 33 1.54 15 2.17 37 1.445 20 11 2.05 58 25 0.96 13 2.01 63 0.86 30 14 1.98 70 35 0.69 17 1.92 78 0.5 40 17 1.90 84 0.36 45 19 1.87 93 0.15 50 TCVN 5945-1995 lo#i A(4 mg/L) 100 2.5 - 90 - - 80 70 - 60 1.5 TONG P(mg/1)1 I Hi0 u suKt xLi I (%) - - 50 40 30 20 0.5 - 10 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Thesi gian(n ga y) Hinh 4.14: Bieu d bien thien ham hiring Phospho tang nddc thai 49 Nhan xet: - Theo dOi Ice't qua ta thdy ham luring Phospho tong ntrdc thai dao dOng theo chidu hu'ong giam manh nhdt la 10-15 d'au, sau giam ddu tdi thstri gian On dinh -a day ta thdy ham lacing Phospho tong au vao a mu'Ong sinh hoc 'c/a mAu d6i chi ng nho lion TCVN 5945-1995 loci A (4mg/L) vl vay rid& thai du didu kin xi moi throng ma khong can qua xit lr 4.3.6 Ham luting SS - Tru'Oc lam thi nghidm phai can gidy loc chinh xac de khong bi sai s6, sau till nghidm ta co Icett qua Bang 4.15: HiOu suSt xit 15, SS ntidc thii NO), thti 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Ham hidng SS (mg/L) Mtidng HiOu Nati HiOu sinh hoc slat(%) cl‘i cheng sudt(%) 220 220 161 27 212 84 62 196 11 78 65 188 15 63.1 71 181 18 54 75 167 24 47 79 152 31 45 80 140 36 40 82 118 46 28 87 109 50 17 92 102 54 TCVN 5945-1995 loaf B(100mg/L) r % 250 200 150 100 50 ,, 1. 11 -s—.L -~-s i, 100 90 80 70 60 —E— Ham lu'Ong SS(mg/1) 50 •— Hi4u sut xt1 u(%) 40 r 30 20 10 0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Thai gian(ngay) Hinh 4.15: Bieu hien thien ham luring SS ndec thii 50 Nhan xet: - Sau ket thtic thi ngh.i0m ta day a thdi gian dau Ichoang 10 ham lacing can ld lang giam rat nhanh hdn 50%, sau giam dan cho tdi On dinh - Quan sat mau a mo hInh ta day ham Wang SS sau thdi gian thi nghiOm giam mg/L nha hdn TCVN 5945-1995 loci A (50mg/L) tieu chuan xa ngu8n - COn a mau d6i chdng ham lacing SS=102mg/L>TCVN 5945-1995 loci B (100mg/L) gan dat tieu chuan xa ngu8n 4.3.7 Chi so Coliform - Sau 50 that nghiOm ta c6 ket qua sau Bang 4.16: Bien thien ham kiting Coliform NO), phan tich 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 HiOu sug(%) 0 91 91 94 97 81 94 97 96 98 Tang Coliform (1000MPN/100m1) 2400 2400 210 210 150 75 460 150 75 93 43 TCVN 5945-1995 Ioai B 10000MPN/100m1 0/0 3000 120 2500 - 10(1 2000 - 80 1500 - 60 1000 40 20 500 T6ng Coliform(1000M PN/10Orn1) Hieu sua-t(%) TIT liwor —d1.- 10 1520 253035 404550 Theii gian(ngay) Hinh 4.16: Bieu d hien thien ham hiking Coliform 51 Nhan xet - Sau thi nghiem ta tha'y ham liking Coliform nu& thai cd giam hieu qua dat 98% nhang ham lacing sau thi nghiem ldn hcin TCVN 5945-1995 loci B 10000MPN/100m1, vi v4y phai tim bien phap khac khgc phuc tradc xa ngu6n - Sau thdi gian thi nghiem 50 he th6ng bAt du host clOng on dinh 4.3.8 Chi a E.coli Bang 4.17: Bien thien ham luVng E.coli Ngity phan tich 10 15 20 ' 25 30 35 40 45 50 E.coli (1000MPN/100m1) 1100 460 150 75 93 75 210 75 43 75 15 HiO suk(%) 58 86 93 92 93 81 93 96 93 99 TCVN 5945-1995 loqi B 10000MPN/100m1 1200 - 120 1000 100 800 80 600 60 400 40 200 20 * E.coli (1000MPN/100m1) HiOu sua-t(%) 0 10 15 20 25 30 3540 45 50 ThCi gian(ngay) Hinh 4.17: Bien HS hien thien ham Iticing E.coli Nhan xet - Sau thi nghiem ta thdy ham piing E.coli nu'dc thai cd giarn hieu qua dat 99% nhung ham lu'Ong sau thi nghiem ldn hon TCVN 5945-1995 loci B 10000MPN/100m1, vi v4y pith tlm bien phap khac khgc phuc trade xa ngaln - Sau thdi gian thi nghiem 50 he thong bast du host dOng On dinh 52 4.3.9 Tom rift ke't qui Ulf nghkm Qua thi nghiOm to thdy: - CO Vetiver c6 kha nang lam Om tri sfi BOD, COD midc thai - CO stir hoat Ong clang cda vi khugn ntidc thai, gOp phin lam gia tang hiu suit lam sach cda cac loai nu'dc thai khac xtt ljr bang co Vertiver - Co Vetiver co hiOu suet cao kha N-NH4+ phospho tang - R co Vetiver MOC nhanh va sinh tru'ang t61 m6i tru'Ong nu'dc thai Day la cci sd de thu hoach rg st1 dung cho muc dich chit xudt tinh dau, chg dinh hadng cling nghO hticing liOu - Sau 60 hO th6ng bgt chuin loai A boat dOng dinh va nu'dc thai dAu dat tieu Han che: - VAn chu'a xac dinh du'oc ngurang gia tri cac th6ng sa chit nhigm nudc thai ma tai co Vetiver hoat Ong co hiOu suit tSi da - Chu'a ghi nhan hiOu suit than stir cda co Vetiver xti' ly c6 loai trtY stir anh hu'dng hoat Ong cda tio va vi Ithugn - Chita ghi nhan du'dc kha nang hip thu Nitrate alit Vetiver AfALT:: tms Hinh 4.18: A, B: Hg thong r4 co Vetiver dung dich Knop tuin sau 53 Ilinh 4.19: - A: la cii Vetiver tun sau thing nuking sinh hoc - B: la co' Vetiver Wilt' sau tiling muking sinh hoc Irmh 4.20: - A: CO Vetiver tun sau tiling mtidng sinh hoc - B: CO Vetiver tudn sau trong murdng sinh hoc 54 4.4 SO SANH DANH GIA HAI MO HINH X171 Bing 4.18: So sanh cac chi lieu qua m6 hinh xit19 CHI TIEU SAU TB% GIAN THe NGHItM (mg/L) pH BOD COD SS TONG Phospho N-NH4 Ndng 80(mg/L) CDNN MSH 7.50 7.43 15.08 21.5 24.33 33 17 0.98 0.15 4.51 3.12 HiOu suk (%) CDNN 90 89 95 74 73 MSH 92 91 92 93 89 Nhan xet: - Duta vao bang so sanh to thaey gia tri pH a hai m6 hinh kh6ng chenh Lech nhieu va dam bao TCVN 5945-1995 lo4i B (5.5-9) xa ngudn - Ve hi8u qua xit 19 BOD5, COD, SS a hai mo hinh la tu'ang d6i cao deu dat hi.01 suat ten 90% va da tieu chan loci A de xa ngudn - Vd hi8u qua xi' 19 P tong, N-NH4+ thI a madng sinh hoc dat hi0] qua cao hdn canh citing ng4p nu'dc, nhung ham lacing N-NH+4 d hai mo hinh sau xit 19 cao khong dat tieu chudn thai ngudn 86 can tang thdi gian luu nitric dd hi8u qua 19 cao hdn Tdm 14i: hiOu qua xit 19 gift mixing sinh hoc va canh ang ng4p nu'dc la kh6ng chenh 18ch nhidu, ngudn nu'oc sau xi 19 ddu dat tieu chugn loci B co chi tieu dat loci A va du didu kin xa ngudn 4.5 HAM LUVNG CHAT KHO TRONG Co Xac dinh lacing tddi va kho cila co Vetiver va ham lu'Ong N tong, P tang c6 d cac m6 hinh thu'c nghiOrri tai thOi diem cho nu'dc thai vao den ke't thlic thi nghiem S6 lieu ghi nhan ditoc Bing 4.19: Sinh kh61 va ham luVng N, P co trutec va sau thi nghi8m Trong ltiqng(g) Ttidi Kh6 Khi chu'a cho ntidc thai vao (BD) 124 24 Mac:111g sinh hoc sau thO' nghiesm (MH 1) 410 96 Canh doIng ngap nudc swift/ nghiOri (MH 2) 616 112 Mau co N tdng (g) 0.44 2.24 2.46 P205 (g) 0.86 2.14 2.94 Bing 4.20: Chenh 18ch (A) ham ltking N, P co trtfec va sau data vao dung dich 'nick thii Mau ca MH MH A=(MH-BD) N tang (g) P2 Os (g) 1.8 2.02 1.28 2.08 55 Nhan xet: Theo bang 4.19 va 4.20 ta thdy ham lu'dng P205 va N tong sau thi nghiem tang len so vdi ham hidng ban au chda cho nurdc thai vao, d6 ta cd thd tai khang dinh co Vetiver c6 kha rang 11'4 thu cao ham lu'dng N-NH4+ va Phospho lam sach nttdc thai 4.6 NANG SUAT SINH KHOI CiJA Co VETIVER HAI MO HINH Tien hanh can tong lacing cua co Vetiver trdcic va sau data nil& thai vao ta chide sinh kh6i dia co d hai m6 hinh Bang 4.21: Nang suk sinh kh6i NANG SUXT Sinh kh6i co sau thdi gian thy[ nghiem (kg) Sinh kh6i co tren (kg/ngay) Sinh kh6i co tren mCit ddn vi dien tich (kg/m2) Sinh kh6i co ten m3 ntidc thai (kg/m3) CDNN 390 7.8 44.6 3.9 MSH 524 10.48 72.8 3.49 56 CHLICING - KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI 5.1 KET LOIN Thu' nghiem co Vertiver (Vetiverria zizanioides L) nu'dc thii sinh hoat, theo clOi stt sinh tru'Ong va hieu qui ctia co Vertiver viec mOt s6 chit '6 nhier m Thdi gian thi nghiem la 50 Bu'dc du ke't luan: Co Vertiver co nang Mi' 84-95% N-NH4, 14-79% P-P043- hoa tan CO Vertiver lam giim 78,3-90% tri s6 BOD5, 47,8-64,5% COD CO Vertiver lam giim 80-90% ham hfdng E.coli, Coliform Tr6ng thus) canh co Vertiver c6 the han the hien arcing phd (Wang h6a, d8ng thdi co the thu hoach nhanh b0 re dung Ong nghe twang lieu Chung to co the dung co Vetiver nhu' mOt giii phap sinh hoc co kinh phi du tut thip de kiem sok va rat hieu qui viec lam sach nut& thii va bao ve mei tru'dng 5.2 KIMST CO Vetiver duvc bie't den va itng dung nhu' mOt &Ong nghe sinh hoc tien tie'n nhieu qu6c gia tren the gidi, nhting Ong nghe co Vertiver thttc sit la mdi me a Viet Nam, nhit la nhUng tiem nang va ring dung ctia no filth yip bdo ve moi trtidng Tren cd so cac thi nghiem chting toi da thu'c hien va nghiem thtic te, co the thda nhan rang co Vetiver co kha nang lam sach nu'dc thai Nhu'ng ke't qui ghi nhan durdc de tai chi mdi la back du cho nhOng nghien cttu sau hcin ve kha nang ctia co Vetiver kith' cac chit gay o nhiem va chit dOc.trong mei tru'dng nu'dc De nghi cho nhu'ng nghien cttu hope thi nghiem dyng co Vertiver nrldc thdi o moi trilling: Xac Binh hieu qui ctia rieng co Vetiver viec MU' cac chit '6 nhigm bang cach loai b6 hoan toan hoat dOng cua tao va vi sinh vat nttdc thii Thttc hien cac thi nghiem co the kiern sok du vao cua nu'dc thai va tu'ong quan ham luOng N/P dung dich thi nghiem nham xac Binh V le tai co Vetiver co hieu suit lam sach t6i u'u Tim hien dac tntrig va phdri cac chit dOc, chit gay o nhi8m cac lc* nu'Oc thai khac nhau, tren cd sO thti' nghiem co va theo clai biein thien cac thong s6 dien hInh cua loai nu'dc thai dung thi nghiem CO the tier) tuc thu' nghiem tren ntide thai cao su, chan nuoi heo, va nu'dc ro ri tit bai rac Deng Thanh sau xdt ly vi sinh hoac nude thii,chu'a xi"' V vi sinh nhu'ng da du'oc pha loang n6ng 57 Nghien cdu ve Icha nang hdp thu kim loci Ong da't va Woe Vetiver c6 D6 nghi cho nghien cdu them vd vi0c ke't he p ca ma hInh (Mdcrng sinh hoc va canh dang ngap nadc) de khio sat kha nang xi/ V t6i u'u cua co Vetiver va sit dung san pldm ntidc thii vao vie;c tut ri cho cong vien, cay xanh thi mta dug Nham lam giim thi6u lacing midc thai mai truting va giam chi phi cho vi0c sit dung cac loci nu& may cho vi0c tu'oi ding vien va cay xanh thi D6 nghi chdp nhan cho vi0c nghien cdu Cing dung cong ngh6' c6 Vetiver vi0c ch6ng xoi man, sat la cac kenh, mu'cing clan nu'dc thai ta' cac khu cong nghi0p, cac cao su, cac h6 chtta nu'dc nha may ch6 bie'n thdy hai san, cac nha may the bie'n thai bi o nhiem Tp H6 Chi Minh not chung va pan Thu Disc n6i rieng 58 TAI LIEU THAM KHAO TIENG Vie T 1.Le Huy Bd (2000).Moi Twang NhA xudt ban Ddi H9C Qu6c Gia TP.Ha Chi Minh BO Khoa Hoc COng Nghe VA Mai Tradng (1995) Chiicing trInh ring dung co Vetiver Ky y6u thao khoa hoc HA NOi Cvc Moi Trtking, Vien Mai TnOng VA TM Nguyen (1998) Cong Nghe Moi Trating NhA xudt ban Nong Nghiep HA N6i Nguyen Disc Lu'Ong, Nguyen Thi ThuS, Dticing (2000) Cling Nghc Sinh Hgc M6i Twang Cong Nghe XO Nttoc Thdi (tap 1) trang (12-38) Trail DtTc Ha (2002) Xet Ly Nit& Thdi Sinh Hogt Quy Mo Nho Va Vita NXB HA NOi Trang(5-15) Tran Van Nhi va cOng skt (1995) Nghien cau ky thuifit lam sgch nude thdi bang vi tdo K9 ye-u Annual Report (1995).Vien Cong Nghe Sinh Hoc, Trung Tam Khoa H9C Tti Nhien va Cong Nghe Quek Gia Trang (12-57) Du'dng Thanh Lam va cOng stf (2003) CO Vetiver Da nang - Da dung Tap san Khoa hoc icy thuat Nong Lam Nghiep s6 1-2003 NXB N6ng Nghiep Le Quac Tudn, Tran Van Nhi (2000) Ve kha nang lodi 1)6 Nitrogen va Phosphorus nudc eta mOt s6 thqc vat thug sinh KS% y6u Annual Report (1998) Vien Cong Nghe Sinh Hoc, Trung Tam Khoa Hoc Tti Nhien va Cong Nghe Qu6c Gia Trang (1-25) Phdm Ngoc Van Anh, Phdm Hang Dtic Phd6c, 2002 Co vetiver, mOt giai phap mai xit ly ntioc thai Tap san Khoa Hoc Ky Thuat Nong Lam NghiOp s6 12002 NXB Ming Nghi4 TIENG ANH 10.Allan Joinens, Robert Duck, Rob Reed and Jonathan Weyers (2000) Paractical skills in Environmental Science Person Education Limited, England 11 Truong Paul And Baker Dennic (1998) Vetiver grass system for Invironmental protection Bangkok Thailand 12.Yoon P.K.(1993) Vetiver grass -Technical Information Package Volume Malaysia 13.American Public Health Association,American Water Works Association,American Water Pollution Control Federation.(1990).Standard Method for Examination of Water and Wastewater Washington DC 14 Melcalt and Eddy Inc (1991) Wastewater Engineering, Treatment, Disposal and Reuse Mc Graw-Hill Inter ed Printed in Singapore 15.Us Environmental Protection Agency (1978).Municipal Wastewater Aquaculture 16.Internethompage:www.vetiver.org 17 Internet.hompage:www Wastewater Treatment by Wetland 59