The oxford history of historical writing volume 3 1400–1800

Tai Lieu Chat Luong THE OXFORD HISTORY OF HISTORICAL WRITING THE OXFORD HISTORY OF HISTORICAL WRITING The Oxford History of Historical Writing is a five-volume, multi-authored scholarly survey of the history of historical writing across the globe It is a chronological history of humanity’s attempts to conserve, recover, and narrate its past with considerable attention paid to different global traditions and their points of comparison with Western historiography Each volume covers a particular period, with care taken to avoid unduly privileging Western notions of periodization, and the volumes cover progressively shorter chronological spans, reflecting both the greater geographical range of later volumes and the steep increase in historical activity around the world since the nineteenth century The Oxford History of Historical Writing is the first collective scholarly survey of the history of historical writing to cover the globe across such a substantial breadth of time Volume 1: Beginnings to AD 600 Volume 2: 400–1400 Volume 3: 1400–1800 Volume 4: 1800–1945 Volume 5: Historical Writing since 1945 THE OXFORD HISTORY OF HISTORICAL WRITING Daniel Woolf GENERAL EDITOR The Oxford History of Historical Writing VOLUME 3: 1400–1800 Jose´ Rabasa, Masayuki Sato, Edoardo Tortarolo, and Daniel Woolf VOLUME EDITORS Ian Hesketh ASSISTANT EDITOR Great Clarendon Street, Oxford OX2 6DP Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries Published in the United States by Oxford University Press Inc., New York # Oxford University Press 2012 Editorial matter # Jose´ Rabasa, Masayuki Sato, Edoardo Tortarolo, and Daniel Woolf 2012 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted Database right Oxford University Press (maker) First published 2012 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose the same condition on any acquirer British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Data available Typeset by SPI Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by MPG Books Group, Bodmin and King’s Lynn ISBN 978–0–19–921917–9 10 The Oxford History of Historical Writing was made possible by the generous financial support provided by the Offices of the Vice-President (Research) and the Provost and Vice-President (Academic) at the University of Alberta from 2005 to 2009 and subsequently by Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario General Editor’s Acknowledgements The Oxford History of Historical Writing has itself been the product of several years of work and many hands and voices As general editor, it is my pleasure to acknowledge a number of these here First and foremost, to the volume editors, without whom there would have been no series I am very grateful for their willingness to sign on, and for their flexibility in pursuing their own vision for their piece of the story while acknowledging the need for some common goals and unity of editorial practices The Advisory Board, many of whose members were subsequently roped into either editorship or authorship, have given freely of their time and wisdom At Oxford University Press, former commissioning editor Ruth Parr encouraged the series proposal and marshalled it through the readership and approvals process After her departure, my colleagues and I enjoyed able help and support from Christopher Wheeler at the managerial level and, editorially, from Rupert Cousens, Seth Cayley, Matthew Cotton, and Stephanie Ireland I must also thank the OUP production team and Carol Carnegie in particular The series would not have been possible without the considerable financial support from the two institutions I worked at over the project’s lifespan At the University of Alberta, where I worked from 2002 to mid-2009, the project was generously funded by the Offices of the Vice-President (Research) and the Provost and Vice-President (Academic) I am especially grateful to Gary Kachanoski and Carl Amrhein, the incumbents in those offices, who saw the project’s potential The funding they provided enabled me to hire a series of project assistants, to involve graduate students in the work, and to defray some of the costs of publication such as images and maps It permitted the acquisition of computer equipment and also of a significant number of books to supplement the fine library resources at Alberta Perhaps most importantly, it also made the crucial Edmonton conference happen At Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, where I moved into a senior leadership role in 2009, funding was provided to push the project over the ‘finish-line’, to transfer the research library, and in particular to retain the services of an outstanding research associate, Assistant Editor Dr Ian Hesketh I am profoundly grateful for Ian’s meticulous attention to detail, and his ability ruthlessly to cut through excess prose (including on occasion my own) in order to ensure that volumes maintained editorial uniformity internally and together with other volumes, not least because the volumes are not all being published at once A series of able graduate students have served as project assistants, including especially Tanya Henderson, Matthew Neufeld, Carolyn Salomons, Tereasa Maillie, and Sarah Waurechen, the last of whom almost single-handedly organized the complex logistics of the Edmonton General Editor’s Acknowledgements vii conference Among the others on whom the project has depended I have to thank the Office of the Dean of Arts and Science for providing project space at Queen’s University, and the Department of History and Classics at Alberta Melanie Marvin at Alberta and Christine Berga at Queen’s have assisted in the management of the research accounts, as has Julie Gordon-Woolf, my spouse (and herself a former research administrator), whose advice on this front is only a small part of the support she has provided This page intentionally left blank Foreword Daniel Woolf, General Editor Half a century ago, Oxford University Press published a series of volumes entitled Historical Writing on the Peoples of Asia Consisting of four volumes devoted to East Asia, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and South Asia, and based on conferences held at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, in the late 1950s, that series has aged surprisingly well; many of the individual essays are still being cited in our own day The books were also remarkably ahead of their time since the history of historical writing was at that time firmly understood as being the history of a European genre Indeed, the subject of the history of history was itself barely a subject—typical surveys of the early to mid-twentieth century by the likes of James Westfall Thompson and Harry Elmer Barnes, following Eduard Fueter’s paradigmatic 1911 Geschichte der Neueren Historiographie [History of Modern Historiography], were written by master historians surveying their discipline and its origins The Oxford series provided some much needed perspective, though it was not followed up for many years, and more recent surveys in the last two or three decades of the twentieth century have continued to speak of historiography as if it were an entirely Western invention or practice Since the late 1990s a number of works have been published that challenge the Eurocentrism of the history of history, as well as its inherent teleology We can now view the European historiographic venture against the larger canvas of many parallel and—a fact often overlooked—interconnected traditions of writing or speaking about the past from Asia, the Americas, and Africa The Oxford History of Historical Writing is conceived in this spirit It seeks to provide the first collective scholarly history of historical writing to span the globe It salutes its great predecessor of half a century ago, but very deliberately seeks neither to imitate nor to replace it For one thing, the five volumes collectively include Europe, the Americas, and Africa, together with Asia; for another, the division among these volumes is chronological, rather than by region We decided on the former because the history of non-European historical writing should, no more than that of its European counterpart, be viewed in isolation We chose the latter in order to provide what amounts to a cumulative narrative (albeit with well over a hundred different voices), and in order to facilitate comparison and contrast between regions within a broad time period A few caveats that apply to the entire series are in order First, while the series as a whole will describe historical writing from earliest times to the present, each individual volume is also intended to stand on its own as a study of a particular period in the history of historical writing These periods shrink in duration as Index Islamic historical writing 8, 151–3, 162–8: see also Persian historical writing; West African Islamic historical writing Ismaʾil, Mawlay 229 Ismaʾil I, Shah (1487–1524) 174, 176, 177, 180 Ismaʾil II, Shah (1537–77) 177 Ismaʾil III, Shah 189 Italian historical writing (1680–1800) 12–13, 364–81 annals 361, 366, 369 antiquarianism 365–72 biographies 377 chronicles 369–70 contemporary history 376–8 Etruscan 371–2 history and politics 375–8 Italian Enlightenment 378–81 Sicily 369–70, 376 timeline/key dates 381 universal history 372–4 Italian Renaissance historical writing 347–62 biographies 354–5 chronicles 348–9 Florence 348–9, 350–2, 358–9 humanism 355–6 Milan 352–3, 355 Naples 353–4 timeline/key dates 361–2 Venice 353, 355–7 Italy eruditi 366–7, 369, 371 Sicily 370 forgeries 350, 354, 370, 379 literacy 348 Ivan III, Tsar (1440–1505) 285, 286, 291 Ivan IV (‘the Terrible’), Tsar (1530–84) 14, 287–8, 289, 290, 292–3, 295, 335 Jahangir, Nur al-Din Muhammad, Padishah (Mughal emperor) (1569–27) 157, 160 James II, king of England (also James VII, king of Scotland) 502 James VI, king of Scotland (also James I, king of England) (1566–1625) 269, 477, 531 Jamal al-Din (c.1255–91) 33 Jamiʿ-i Mufidi [Compendium of Mufid] 181 Jansenists 392–3 Japan 1, 2, 279 bakufus 7–8 Buddhism 99 European historical writing on 545, 552 Korean history of 114 ko¯sho¯gaku (evidential learning) 279 Japanese historical writing 7–8, 80–101 713 1400–1600: periodization of history 81–2 1400–1600: standard historical narration 82–3 archives 90 autobiographies 81 biographies 82 calendars 83, 98 chronicles 80, 82, 83, 87 chronological tables 97–100 Emaki as historical narration 84–6 historicism 93–4 monogatari (prose/verse epics) Noh as historical narration 83–4 novels 82 Pax Japonica (1603–1867) 86–7 philological historiography 94–6 philosophy of historical change 96 positivistic history 91–2 timeline/key dates 100–1 Tokugawa alternative official history 88–90 Tokugawa official history 87–8 Jarric, Pierre du 549 Javanese historical writing 135–7 chronicles 136, 141, 143, 144 genealogies 136 Jawhar Aftabchi 161 Jefferson, Thomas (1743–1826) 690, 692, 695 n.21, 697 Jesuits and European historical writing on the East 537, 539, 542, 543, 544–5, 546, 552 France 391, 393, 396 Jia Hanfu (1606–77) 34 Jianwen, emperor of China 29, 64–5 Jiao Hong (1539–97) 29 Jiaoping Nianfei fanglve 55 Jiaoping sansheng xie fei fanglve 55 Jiaoping Yuefei fanglve 55 Jiaoping Yunnan Hui fei fanglve 55 Jiaqing chongxiu yitongzhi (gazeteer) 35 Jibril bin ʿUmar 229 Jie Xisi (1274–1344) 26 Jin Fu 50 Jingtai, emperor of China 29 Jinmu, emperor of Japan 96, 279–80 Jinno¯ sho¯to¯ki 82, 89–90 Jochmann, Carl Gustav (1789–1830) 340 John of Fordun (d.1384?) 476–7, 498, 499, 500 Johns, Anthony 134, 136–7, 142, 144 Johnson, Edward (1599?–1672) 684–5 Jones, William (1746–94) 425 Joseon sillok 44 n.5., 45 n Joseph II, Emperor 318 Josephowicz, Joannis 290 714 Index Josephus, Flavius (37c.100) 384, 385, 386, 434, 611 journalism/journals 2767 Judex, Matthaăus (1528–64) 331 Julius II, Pope 354 Junabadi, Mirza Beg bin Hasan (fl 17th cent.) 179 Jurchen group 44–6 Jurchen Manchus 63–4 phonographic script 44 Juslenius, Daniel 463 Juusten, Paulus, bishop of Turku (1516–76) 463 Juvigny, Rigoley de 389 Kaba Saghanughu, Muhammad 223 al-Kabir, Sayyid al-Mukhtar bin Ahmad bin Abi Bakr al-Kunti 225 kabuki plays 82, 84 Kaempfer, Engelbert (1651–1716) 184 Kaiguo fanglve (Huang Qing kaiguo fanglve/ Han-i araha fukjin doro neihe bodogonbithe) 55, 56 Kamal, Mulla (d.1608) 179 Kames, Lord (Henry Home) (1696–1782) 494, 497, 501, 509, 510–11 Kammen, Michael 681 Kamo no Mabuchi (1697–1769) 95 Kan’ei shoke keizu den 98–9 Kano Chronicle 218, 219, 222–3 Kansei cho¯shu¯ shoka fu 99 Kant, Immanuel (1724–1804) 14, 241, 340 kaozheng (evidential research) 7, 39, 71, 72 kaozhenxue (evidential learning) 278 Karim Khan 189 Karl Knuttson, king of Sweden (144870) 4501 Karlskroănika 451 Karttunen, Frances 603 Katib C ¸ elebi (d.1657) 199, 200, 201 Keichu¯ (1640–1701) 95 Kelley, Donald R 245 Kemalpas¸azaˆde (d.1534) 198 Kennett, White (1660–1728) 489, 492 keros 631–2 Kertanagara, king of Java (d.1292) 136 Ketton, Robert of (c.1110–c.1160) 241 Khan, Shah Nawaz 156 Khevenhuăller, Franz Christoph (15881650) 311, 336 khipus 21–2, 622–3, 624, 625 Khronograf (1617) 289 Khulasat al-Tawarikh 178, 179 Khunji Isfahani, Fadl-Allah (d.1521) 176 Khusrau, Amir (1253–1325) 154, 164, 167 Khvorostinin, Ivan (d.1625) 288–9 Khwandamir, Ghiyath al-Din (c.1475–1534/7) 166, 176–7, 186, 187 Kidd, Colin 530 kiden-tai, Japan 86, 87, 89, 97 Kim Pu-sik (1075–1151) 105–6 King’s Library, France 386, 387 Kitabatake Chikafusa (1293–1354) 89–90 Klingenstein, Grete 304 Knivet, Anthony (b c.1560) 649–50 Knolles, Richard (1550?–1610) 493 Knox, John (c.1512–72) 478, 500, 501, 503, 504 ko¯dan (story telling) 82 Kojiki 92, 95 Kokan Shiren (1278–1346) 97 kokugaku (national learning) movement 94 Konjeu gicheong dorok 45 n Korea 1, Buddhism 106–7 Confucianism 106–9, 110, 111–12 Joseon state 45–6 Koryo˘ official historians 111–12 T’aejong taewang sillok Korean historical writing 103–17 alphabetical writing 113 biographies 105, 108 conflict between kings and officials 108–10 histories of other countries 113–14 history and dynastic legitimacy 104–5, 107–8, 109–10, 112, 114–15 private historians 116 timeline/key dates 117 Koryo˘sa 107–9 Koryo˘sa cho˘ryo 108–9 ko¯sho¯gaku (evidential learning) 279 Krantz, Albert (1448–1517) 329, 335 Krestinin, V V 300 Kretats‘i, Abraham 205 Kritoboulos, Michael 202 Kromer, Martin (Marcin) (151289) 306 Kukcho pogam 11213 Kumar, Ann 120 Kuăng, Sebastian (1514–61) 333 Kurbskii, Prince Andrei Mikhailovich (c.1528–83) 287 Kuthen, Martin (d.1564) 315 Kwanghaegun, king of Korea 109, 113 Kyauk-ro thamaing 125 Kyech’uk ilgi 116 Kyo˘ngjong, king of Korea 112 La Condamine, Charles-Marie de (1701–74) 672 La Croix du Maine (Franc¸ois Grude´) (1552–86?) 388–9, 389 Index La Martinie`re, Antoine-Augustin Bruzen de 550, 552 La Mothe Le Vayer, Franc¸ois de (1588–1672) 265, 266, 267, 271 La Popelinie`re, Henri de (1541–1608) 264, 389 La Porte, Joseph de 552 Lach, Donald 537 Ladislaus III, King 306 Laet, Joannes de (1581–1649) 650 Lagerbring, Sven (Sven Bring) (1707–87) 468–9 Lahiji, Shams al-Din ʿAli (d after 1516) 181 Lambarde, William (1536–1601) 490 Lambin, Denis (1520–72) 239 Lan Na and other northern Tai societies: historical writing 129–30 La´ni, Juraj (1646–1701) 314 Laotian historical writing 130–1 Las Casas, Bartolome´ de (1474–1566) 19, 565–6, 569, 570, 571, 572, 637 law codes: Laos 131 Lazius, Wolfgang (1514–65) 309, 310 Le Clerc, Jean (1657–1736) 272 Le Moyne, Pierre (1602–71) 485 Leˆ Qu´y Doˆn (1726–84) 123–4 Le Roy, Loys (1510–75) 395 Leˆ Tha´nh Toˆng, emperor of Vietnam (1442–97) 123 Leˆ/ Trinh principalities, Vietnam 120 Leˆ Va˘n˙ Hưu (1230–1322) 121–2 Lebrun, Pierre (1661–1729) 271 Leclerc, Jean (1657–1736) 272 Lehmann, Christoph (1568–1638) 333 Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm (1646–1716) 240, 267–8, 275, 276, 319, 337, 338, 367 Leland, John (1506?–52) 490 Lemaire de Belges, Jean (1473–1524?) 384 Lenoble, Eustache (1643–1711) 276 Leo X, Pope 354, 357, 358 Leo Africanus (al-Hasan bin al-Wazzan al-Zayyati) (c.1494–c.1554) 219, 222 Leo´n Pinelo, Antonio de (1589–1660) 538–40, 542–7, 548, 549–50, 552, 666 Leo´n y Gama, Antonio (1735–1802) 674–5, 676 Leopold I, Emperor (1640–1705) 304, 311, 312 Leopold of Vienna 305 Le´ry, Jean de (1536–1613) 646, 647–8 Leslie, John (1527–96) 478 Lestringant, F 647 Leti, Gregorio (1630–1701) 377 715 Lettres ´edifiantes et curieuses, des missions ´etrange`res 552 Levesque de Poully, Louis-Jean (1691–1750) 371 Le´vi-Strauss, Claude (1908–2009) 657–8 Lhuyd (Llwyd), Edward (1660–1709) 491 Li Jiantai 64 Li Tana 124 Li Zhi (1527–1602) 66–7 Liang Qichao 40–1 libraries 386–8 Andalusia 216 China 60 France 385–6 imperial 319 Italy 364 Maghreb 216 personal 60 Solovki Monastery 293 Vatican Library 354, 355 West African 217–18, 220 Lieberman, Victor 119, 125, 141 Lienzo of Tequixtepec 590, 590–1 lienzos 580, 589–91, 590 life histories (Inca historical form) 622, 623, 625 Lighdan Khaghan 46–7, 48 Ligorio, Pirro (1510–83) 245, 256, 257 Likhachev, D S 285 Lilla rimkroănikan 451 Lindenbrog, Erpold (1540–1616) 333 Lingard, John (1771–1851) 529 Linguet, Simon-Nicolas-Henri (1736–94) 408 Lipsius, Justus (1547–1606) 238, 239–40, 254, 256 literacy Italian Renaissance 348 West Africa 214 wild literacy 601 Litsevoi svod 287 Livy (Titus Livius) (c.59 BC–AD 17 ) 235, 236, 306, 315, 328, 350, 351, 377, 384, 385, 396, 398, 430, 433, 436, 477, 486 Lluyd, Edward 491 Loccenius, Johannes (1598–1677) 461 Locke, John (1632–1704) 274, 275, 670 Lockhart, James 600, 601, 603 Lombardi, Mary 656 n 34 Lomi 53 Lomonosov, Mikhail (1711–66) 15, 299–300 Lope de Vega, Fe´lix 545 Lotichius, Peter (1558–1669) 336 Louis XI, king of France (1423–83) 390, 395 716 Index Louis XII, king of France (1462–1515) 385, 386–7, 394 Louis XIII, king of France (1601–43) 269, 385–6, 653 Louis XIV, king of France (1638–1715) 13, 268, 269, 278, 312, 326, 387, 400, 419, 487 Louis XIV, king of France (16381715) 402 Luă, empress of China 65 Lucinge, Rene´ de 396–7, 399 Ludewig, Peter (1668–1743) 336 Ludlow, Edmund (1617?–1692) 484 Luo Guanzhong (c.1330–c.1400) 61 Ly´ Teˆ´ Xuyeˆn (fl second half of 13th cent.) 122 Lydiat, Thomas (1572–1646) 481 Ma Duanlin (1254–1322) 38 Mabillon, Jean (1632–1707) 240, 245, 258, 272, 317, 366, 367, 369, 392, 492, 501 Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de (1709–85) 378, 408, 414 Macaulay, Catharine (1731–91) 16, 521, 523, 524–5, 531 Macaulay, Thomas Babington (1800–59) 502 Machiavelli, Niccolo` (1469–1527) 357, 358–9, 361, 365, 457, 480, 481, 482, 498 Madox, Thomas (1666–1727) 492 Maffei, Giovanni Pietro (1533–1603) 541 Maffei, Scipione (1675–1755) 273, 369, 371 Magdeburg Centuries 312, 331, 391: see also Centuriators of Magdeburg al-Maghili 222 Maghreb 215, 216–17 Magister Gregorius 249 Magnus, Johannes (1488–1544) 453, 455–8, 459, 460, 462 Magnus, Olaus (1490–1557) 453–4 Mahmud, Amir 177 Mahmud bin ʿUmar bin Muhammad Aqit 228 Mahmud Kaʿti (d.1593) 212, 221–2 Maier, Henk 135 Maimbourg, Louis (1610–86) 273, 275–6, 337, 484 Mair/Major, John (1469–1550) 477, 498–9, 500 Makarii, Metropolitan of Moscow (1481/1482–1563) 287, 291, 293, 294 Makarios Melissourgos-Melissenos (d 1585) 203 maktub literature, India 158 Maktubat-i Yahya Maniyari 158 Malebranche, Nicolas (1638–1715) 266 malfuz literature, India 157–8 Mali Sunjiata epic 219–20 see also Timbuktu, Mali Mamma Haidara library, Timbuktu 217–18 Man raja-kri Ayedawbon 125 Mancini, Hortense (1646–99) 278 Manco Inca 626 Manetti, Giannozzo (1396–1459) 353 Manley, Mary (1663–1724) 276, 277 Mansa Musa (d 1337) 220 Mansfeld, Ernst von (c.1580–1626) 269 Manuzio, Aldo (1449–1515) 236 Manzhou shilu 55, 56 Manzhou yuanli kao 39 Mapa Siguăenza 592, 593 Mare historiarum 384 Margarit, Joan (1421–84) 432–3 Maria Theresa, Empress 311, 317, 318, 319 Mariana, Juan de (1536–1624) 441 Marineo Sı´culo, Lucio (1444–1533) 433, 438 Marrison, G E 133–4 Marsham, John (1602–85) 481 Martin V, Pope 249 Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von 656 n 34 Martyr de Anglerı´a, Pedro (Pietro Martire d’Anghiera) (1457–1526) 558–60 martyrological literature 314, 316 Mary, queen of Scots (Mary I of Scotland) 275, 277, 486, 500, 504, 531 Mary I, queen of England 481 Marx, Karl (1818–83) 514 Mascov, Johann Jakob (1689–1761) 338 Mason, John (1600–72) 686 Mather, Cotton (1663–1728) 682, 683, 685, 688, 696 Mather, Increase (1639–1723) 683 n 6, 687, 688 mathnawis, India 152 Maurists see Congregation of Saint Maur Mauritania 217 Maximilian I, Emperor (1459–1519) 305, 307–8, 309, 311, 327, 329, 331, 333 Maximillian III, archduke of Austria (1558–1618) 311 May, Thomas (1595–1650) 483 Maya, Queen 150 Mayans y Siscar, Gregorio (1699–1781) 669 Medici, Lorenzo de’ 358 Meek, Ronald 514–15 Mehmed I, Sultan (1382–1421) 194 Mehmed II, Sultan (1432–81) 197, 198, 202, 204 Mehmed III, Sultan 208 Mehmed Pasha, Karamani (d 1481) 197 Meinecke, Friedrich (1862–1954) 337 Melanchthon, Philipp (1497–1560) 312, 330, 331, 455, 456 Melissourgos-Melissenos, Makarios 203 memoirs Britain 484 France 398–400 invented 277–8 Index Me´nage, V L 198 Mencken, J B 268 Mengotti, Francesco (1749–1830) 371 Mennel, Jakob (c.1460–1526) 308 Mesoamerican history alphabetical writing 600–16 Chimalpahin 610–16 chronicles 606–10 Historia tolteca-chichimeca 602, 604–6, 616 huehuetlatolli 603 pictographic 20–1, 575–98, 675–6 Aztec histories 581, 584, 593–7 cosmogonies 581–6 historical pictography 575–9 lienzos 580, 589–91, 590 map 576 migration and foundation in central valleys 591–3 Mixtec histories 580, 581–3, 586–9 native historical genres 580–1 painted books 579–80 painted histories: colonial Mexico 597 timeline/key dates 597–8 tiras 580, 589–90, 595–6, 596 Messenius, Johannes (1579–1636) 458–9 Messer, Peter C 694 Me´thode que l’on doit tenir en la lecture de l’histoire, vrai miroir exemplaire en notre vie 389 Meursius, Johannes (1579–1639) 460 Mexı´a, Pedro de (1499–1552) 435, 436–7 Me´zeray, Franc¸ois Eudes de (1610–83) 395 Michael Kritoboulos (fl 1467) 202 Michael I, Tsar (1596–1645) 283, 289, 290 Middleton, Conyers (1683–1750) 525 Mier, Jose´ Servando Teresa de (1765–1825) 667 Mik‘aye¯l Ch‘amch‘yants 204 Millar, John (1735–1801) 14, 511–12, 532 Millot, Claude-Franc¸ois–Xavier (1726–85) 408 Milton, John (1608–74) 484 Mimura Sogen 98 Ming Empire, see under China; Chinese historical writing Mingshi 61 Minhaj al-Din bin Siraj al-Din Juzjani (fl mid13th cent 1259) 164 Minot, George (1758–1802) 696–7 Mir Khurd (Saiyid Muhammad bin Mubarak Alawi Kirmani) (1434–98) 156 Mir Khwand (1433–98) 166–7 Misa Melayu 135 Mitford, William (1744–1827) 529 Mixtec histories 580, 581–3, 586–9 Molina, Alonso de (c.1513–79/85) 611, 613 717 Molina, Cristo´bal de 621 Momigliano, Arnaldo (1908–87) n.10, 241, 244, 259, 375, 519 Mommsen, Theodor (1817–1903) 254, 380–1 Mon historical literature 126 Mongolia 51–2 Yuan dynasty 62 Mongolian historical writing 52–3 chronicles 46–7 Monluc, Blaise de (c.1502–77) 399 Montaigne, Michel de (1533–92) 266, 267, 645, 647 Montesinos, Fernando de 628–9 Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de (1689–1755) 175, 258, 371, 378, 408, 416, 418, 507, 525, 528, 553, 670 Montfaucon, Bernard de (1655–1741) 273, 366, 367, 370 Monthly Review 513 Morales, Ambrosio de (1513–91) 439–40, 442–3 Moravia 314 More, Thomas (1478–1535) 14, 479 More´ri, Louis (1643–80) 266 Morga, Anto´nio (1559–1636) 140, 549 Morocco 226–7 Qadiriyya sufi brotherhood 212 and Songhay 226–7 sugar plantations 221, 228 Morse, Jedidiah (1761–1826) 697–8 Morton, Nathaniel (1613–85) 683 Morton, Thomas (15751646) 694 Moăser, Justus (172092) 3401 Mosheim, Lorenz von (1693–1755) 338 Motoori Norinaga (1730–1801) 8, 81, 94–6 Mughal historical writing 8, 148–69 Muhammad al-Bartili, al-Talib (d.1805) 225 Muhammad al-Mustafa Saghanughu (d 1776/7) 223 Muhammad Bello (1781–1837) 225, 229 Muhammad bin ʿUmar al-Tunusi (1789–1857) 218 Muhammad Hashim Asif (Rustam al-Hukamaʾ) (d c.1841) 189 Muhammad Kaba Saghanughu (c.1757–1845) 223 Muhammad Mirak bin Masʿud Husayni (fl 2nd half of 17th cent.) 181 Muhammadu Rumfa (1463–99) 222 Muhammad Shah Tughluq 156–7 Mu¯lasa¯sana¯ 130 Muălhemi, Ibrahim 199200 Mulla Kamal (d after 1652) 179 Muăller, Friedrich Max (18231900) 242 Muăller, Gerhard Friedrich (170583) 2978 Muăller, Johannes (17521809) 343 718 Index Munoz, Juan Bautista (174599) 6614 Muănster, Sebastian (14881552) 329 Murad II, Sultan (140451) 194, 199 Muratori, Ludovico Antonio (1672–1750) 17, 318, 319–20, 367–70, 371, 379, 380 Muret, Marc-Antoine (1526–85) 239 Muru´a, Martı´n de 631 Musa, Prince 194 Muscovy 282–3 Mushiri Bardasiri, Mir Muhammad Saʿid (fl c.1700) 180 Mussato, Albertino (1261–1309) 349 Mustafa Aˆli (d.1600) 201 Myanmar see Burma myth Caramuru myth 641 and history 261–80 17th century 265–6 authenticity problem 269–70: see also forgeries bias problem 266–9 crisis of trustworthiness 270–1 crisis of trustworthiness: responses to 271–2 foundation myths 262 origin myths: Holy Roman Empire 338–9 Reformation 264 Renaissance 261–4 sources 272–3 rehabilitation of 274 Spain 433–5 Naʿima (d.1716) 199, 201 Nalson, John (1638?–86) 485 Nami, Muhammad Sadiq (fl 2nd half of 18th cent.) 189 Nanni, Giovanni see Annius of Viterbo Napier, John (1550–1617) 481 Nardi, Jacopo (1476–1563) 359 narrative paintings: Inca 634–5 Nasarre, Blas Antonio (1689–1751) 669 Nasiri, Muhammad Ibrahim bin Zayn al-ʿAbidin (fl c.1700) 180, 182 Nauclerus, Johannes (1425–1510) 308 Naude´, Gabriel (1600–53) 256, 267 Navagero, Andrea (1483–1529) 357 Nebrija, Antonio de (1441–1522) 431, 433, 434, 438 neo-Confucianism 88, 89, 96, 111, 242, 278–9 neoclassicism 12–13, 496 Nes¸ri 198 Nerli, Filippo (1485–1536) 359 Nevʾıˆzade Ataʿa (1583–1635) 200 New History 394 New Script tradition, China 74–6 Newton, Isaac (1642–1727) 481 New World historical writing 18–23 Ngoˆ Sı˜ Lieˆn (fl mid-15th cent.) 123 Nguyeˆn principality, Vietnam 120 Nguyeˆ˜n Tra˜i (1380–1442) 123 Nicholas V, Pope 354, 391 Nida¯na A¯rambhakatha¯ 126 Nihon ko¯ki 87 Nihon montoku tenno¯ jitsuroku 87 Nihon sandai jitsuroku 87 Nihon shoki 83, 87, 92, 95 Nikonovskaia letopis 284, 286, 287 Nimmo, William (fl 1777) 513 Nitha¯n Khun Boˆrom 131 Nizami, Sadr al-Din Hasan (fl mid-13th cent.) 163 Nizami, Siyaqi (1551–1602) 178 No´brega, Manoel da (1517–70) 643–4 Noh drama 83–4 Norway 449, 457–8, 463–4 novels 275–6, 277 Japan 82 Novgorodskaia I letopis’ 284 Novyi letopisets 289, 290 Nurgaci (Nurhaci) (1559–1626) 30, 44–6, 47–8, 49, 51, 55, 56 Nuruddin al-Raniri (d.1658) 134 Nyaungyuan, king of Burma 125 Nydbruck, Caspar von 312 O’Brien, Karen 493 Ocampo, Floria´n de (1493–1558) 438–9, 440 Oda Nobunaga (1534–82) 82 Oderborn, Paul (c.1555–1604) 335 Odofredus 249 Oesterreichische Ehrenwerk 311–12 Office of Collected Statutes, China 30 Office of Military Documentation, China 30, 51 Office of the Diaries of Action and Repose, China 30 Ogyu¯ Sorai (1666–1728) 81, 93–4 ¯ kagami O Ola´h, Nicholas (1493–1568) 310, 313–14 Oldmixon, John (1673–1742) 489 ¯ ninki, Japan 80, 82 O ¯ no Yasumaro (d 723) 95 O oral history, literature, and tradition/oral sources 13, 275, 280, 558 Britain 473 China 68 India 150, 152 Mesoamerica 567, 601, 603, 604, 667, 678 Ottoman 196 Philippines 139–40 South America 623, 628 Southeast Asia 120–1 Index West Africa 215, 218, 219, 230 Ordo´n˜ez y Aguiar, Jose´ (d.1840) 669 ă Ornhielm, Clas (162795) 4623 Orosius, Paulus (c.375c.418) 349, 385, 386, 391, 433, 481 Orta, Garcia de 547, 549 ¯ ta Gyu¯ichi (1527–1610?) 82 O ¯ ta Kinjo¯ (1765–1825) 279 O Osman I, Sultan (1258–1326) 196, 208 Osman II, Sultan (1604–22) 201 Ottoman Empire 9, 214, 223, 226–7 map 193 Ottoman historical writing 9–10, 192–210 Armenian 203–5 biographies 200 chronicles 198, 201, 204–5 and court patronage 198–9 gazavaˆt-naˆmes (books of exploits) 194–5 genealogies 206, 208 Islamic texts 196–7, 199 Kurdish 205–6 languages 197–8 medieval Greek 202–3 menaˆkib-naˆmes (books of glorious deeds) 1956 ásehnameci timeline/key dates 20910 vaka-nuăvis 10 verse epics 194 Oviedo y Valde´s, Gonzalo Ferna´ndez de (1478–1557) 19, 263, 437, 559, 560–3, 564, 567, 568, 572, 661 Oze Hoan (1564–1640) 82 Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamaygua, Juan de Santa Cruz 629 Pa´ez de Castro, Juan (d.1570) 437, 442, 445 Pakhomii Logofet (d after 1484) 291–2 Palitsyn, Avraamii (c.1550–1626) 288–9 Pallavicino, Ferrante (1615–44) 365 Pandge´linge´ling, Bali 138 Pane´, Ramo´n (d.1571) 565–6 pan˜os 621–2, 627 Pantoja, Diego de 544 Panvinio, Onofrio (1529–68) 257 Papebroch, Daniel (1628–1714) 240, 272, 391 Pappus, Leonhard (1607–77) 336 Pararaton/Pustaka Raja 136 Parenti, Piero (1450–1519) 359 Parker, Matthew (1504–75) 490 Paruta, Paolo (1540–98) 359 Pascal, Blaise (1623–62) 276 Paschal, Pierre de (1522–65) 395 Pasquier, Etienne (1529–1615) 240, 384–5, 387–8, 395, 397–8, 402 Patje, Gerhard 275 719 Patrizzi, Francesco (1529–97) 263 Paul II, Pope 306 Paulmier, Binot, Sieur de Gonneville 646 Pax Japonica (1603–1867) 86–7 Peiresc, Nicolas-Claude Fabri de (1580–1637) 245, 257–8, 388 Pelcl, Frantisˇek Martin (1734–1801) 320 Penhallow, Samuel (16651726) 688 Perdue, Peter 50, 51 Peringskioăld, Johan (1654–1720) 462 Perizonius, Jacobus (1651–1715) 273 Perotti, Niccolo` (1429–80) 236 Perrault, Charles (1628–1703) 241 Persia European historical writing on 546, 549 genealogies 180 Persian historical writing 173–91 administrative literature 174 chronicles 173–4, 175–80 geographical/travel literature 174, 183–5 and legitimacy of rulers 174, 185 regional histories/administrative literature 181–3 Safavid historians 185–7 timeline/key dates 190 Persian influences on historical writing outside Persia 8–9, 133, 134 Indo-Persian historical writing 8, 148–72 Persian language 9, 133–4 Persons (Parsons), Robert (1546–1610) 478 Peter I (‘the Great’), Tsar 283, 296, 419 Peters, Samuel (1735–1826) 694–5 Petite Acade´mie 388 Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca) (1304–74) 234–5, 245, 247–9, 250, 255, 256, 263, 349–50, 351 Petri, Olaus (1493–1552) 455–6 Petrie, Alexander (c.1594–1662) 500 Peucer, Caspar (1525–1602) 330 Pez, Bernhard (1683–1735) 317, 319 Pez, Hieronymus (1685–1762) 317, 319, 320 Pham Coˆng Trứ (1600–75) 123 ˙ Pharatchaphongsawadan Krung Si Ayutthaya chabap Luang Prasoet 128 Philip II, king of Spain (1527–98) 13, 437, 440–4, 569, 612, 622, 663–4, 674 Philip III, king of Spain (1578–1621) 267 Philippides, Marios 202–3 Philippine historical writing 139–40 Phillips, Mark Salber 531 philology China 279 and forgery 235, 237–8, 241 and history 233–42 humanist 11 in Islamic world 278 related disciplines 239–41 720 Index Phongsa¯vada¯n La¯n Xa¯ng 131 Phongsa¯vada¯n meuang luang phaba¯ng 131 Phongsawadan Muang Phattalung 129 phongsa¯wada¯ns, Siam 127–8 Phra Khanan Khantha 130 Phuttaphukam, Phra (fl 1420s) 130 Picart, Bernard 550–1, 552 Piccolomini, Aeneas Sylvius, see Pius II pictography, see under Mesoamerican history Pila´rik, Stefan (1615–1693) 314 Pilati, Carloantonio (1733–1802) 378, 379, 380 Pimenta, Nicolau 542 Pingding Huijiang jiaoqin niyi fanglve 55 Pingding Luocha fanglve 57 Pingding sanni fanglve 50 Pingding Shaan Gan Xinjiang Huifei fanglve 55 Pingding shuomo fanglve 51–2 Pingding Yunnan Hui fei fanglve 55 Pingding Zhungar fanglve/Jungar-i babe necihehiyeme toktobuha bodogon-i bithe 54 Pinkerton, John (1758–1826) 499, 512–13 Pistorius, Johannes, the Younger (1546–1608) 333 Pithou, Franc¸ois (1543–1621) 240 Pithou, Pierre (1539–96) 240, 387–8, 397, 398 Pius II, Pope (Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini) (1405–64) 306, 314, 354–5 Pizarro, Francisco 565, 571, 620, 626, 628, 630, 632, 633, 634, 651 Platina, Bartolomeo (1421–81) 355 Pletho, George Gemistos (c.1355–c.1452) 236 Plot, Robert (1640–96) 491 Po Ya¯za¯ (fl late 14th cent.) 124 Pocock, J G A 518–9 Poggio Bracciolini, Gian Francesco (1380–1459) 236, 245, 249–50, 252, 358 Poinsinet de Sivry, Louis (1733–1804) 425 Poland 304, 306, 309 Poliziano, Angelo (Politian) (1454–94) 11, 236, 237 Pontanus, Johannes Isacius (1571–1639) 459–60, 464 Popkin, Richard H (1923–2005) 264 Porthan, Henrik Gabriel (1739–1804) 467 Pozzo, Cassiano dal (1588–1657) 256, 257 pragmatic history: Germany 341–2 Prapan˜ca, Mpu (fl mid-14th cent.) 136, 141 Prasat Thong, king of Thailand (d 1656) 142 Pray, Gyoărgy (17231801) 321 Pre´vost, Antoine Franc¸ois, Abbe´ de (1697–1763) 552 Prideaux, Matthias (1622–46?) 485–6 Priestley, Joseph (1733–1804) 520, 522–3, 529 Primat de Saint-Denis 390 Prince, Thomas (1687–1758) 691 Printing, impact of 2, 7, 10, 236, 308, 347, 400, 437, 452–3, 459, 469, 473, 482 printing, sale, and distribution of history books 46, 60, 235, 310, 325–7, 373, 377, 380, 464, 474, 485, 520, 523, 548–9, 665, 684, 686 and French historical writing 384, 385–6 Priorato, Galeazzo Gualdo (1606–78) 312 Private Learned Society, Prague 320 Protestantism and Central European historical writing 312, 313, 314–16 in France 391 and German historical writing 329–31, 337–8 historical culture 326–7 providentialism 16 Prudencio de Sandoval (1553–1620) 267 Pskovskaia letopis’ 283–4 Pufendorf, Samuel von (1632–94) 337, 462, 464 Pulgar, Fernando del (1436–92) 430–1 puppet plays 82 Purchas, Samuel (c.1577–1626) 552, 649–50 Puttayan, Phra (fl 1420s) 130 pyrrhonism 265–9, 270–2 historical 366, 373 refutation of 274–5 Qadiriyya sufi brotherhood 212, 216, 223, 224–5, 228–9 Qazwini, Yahya (1481–1555) 177, 179, 186 Qian Daxin (1728–1804) 39, 71–2 Qianlong, emperor of China (1711–99) 31, 32, 35, 36–8, 39, 40, 53, 56 Qijuzhu 65 [Qinding] Liao Jin Yuan shi guoyu jie 39 [Qinding guoshi] Erchen zhuan 37 [Qinding guoshi] Nichen zhuan 37 [Qinding] Manzhou yuanli kao 36 [Qinding] Shengchao xunjie zhuchen lu 37 Qing Empire, see under China; Chinese historical writing [Qingding] Shengjing fu/Han-i araha Mukden i fujurun bithe 56 Qiu Jun (1421–95) 61–2 Qu Jingchun (1507–69) 62, 63 Quan Zuwang 68 Qubilai Khan (1215–94) 33 Quechua plays 635–6 Questions sur l’Encyclope´die 417 Qumi, Qadi Ahmad (1546–1606) 178 al-Quti, ʿAli bin Ziyad 221–2 Index Rabaut de Saint-Etienne, Jean-Paul (1743–93) 425 Rabus, Ludwig 314 Rader, Matthaăus 314 Radicati di Passerano, Alberto (16981737) 377 Rai Sanyo (1780–1832) 81, 92, 96 Raja Chulan (fl 1750s–60s) 135 Rajadirit, king of Burma 125 Rajadarit Ayedawpon 124 Raleigh (Ralegh), Walter (1552?–1618) 481, 486, 493 Ram, Kewal 156 Rama I, king of Siam (1737–1809) 127, 128, 132, 142 Ra¯ma¯dhipati (Dhammaceti), Mon king (d 1492) 124, 126 Ra¯man˜n˜’-uppatti-dı¯paka 126 Ramkhamhaeng, king of Sukhothai (Thailand) (c.1237–98) 127 Ramkhamhaeng stele 126–7 Ramsay, David (1749–1815) 695–6 Ramusio, Giovanni Battista 539, 546 al-Raniri, Nuruddin 134–5 Ranke, Leopold von (1795–1886) 201, 264, 268 Rapin, Rene´ (1621–87) 396 Rapin-Thoyras, Paul de (1661–1725) 489, 493 Ratanabimbavamsa 130 Ratanapan˜n˜a (fl early 16th cent.) 130 Raynal, Guillaume-Thomas (1713–96) 408, 420–1, 423, 550, 553, 669–70, 671 Razi, Amin bin Ahmad (fl late 16th cent.) 156 Rebellion of the Three Feudatories (Sanfan zhi luan) 50 Reeve, Clara (1729–1807) 531 regional histories: Germany 331–5 Rehe zhi (gazeteer) 35 Reichsgeschichte 333, 336–7, 339 Reid, Anthony 119, 139 Reineccius, Reiner (1541–95) 333 Reissner, Adam (1496?–1582?) 333 Requirimiento 665–6 Rerum a Fernando et Elisabe Hispaniarum felicissimis regibus gestarum decades duae 431 Rerum Familiarum Libri 247 Retz, Jean-Franc¸ois-Paul Gondi de (1613–79) 399 Reuber, Justus (1542–1607) 333 Rhenanus, Beatus (1485–1547) 240, 306–7, 328–9 Ricci, Matteo 543, 544–5, 548 Richard I, king of England 475 Richard II, king of England 487 Ridpath, George (c.1717–72) 513 721 Riegger, Paul Joseph (1705–75) 319 Rienzo, Cola di 305 Rikkokushi 3, 87 Rimkrøniken 451–2 Rinck, Gottlieb Eucharius (1670–1725) 312 Ringmann, Matthias (1482–1511) 329 Ritter-Vitezovic´, Paul (1652–1713) 310 Rixia jiuwen kao (gazeteer) 35 Robertson, William (1721–93) 14, 342, 473, 494, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501, 504–7, 510, 512, 514, 518, 519, 521, 522, 529, 531, 550, 553, 663 Robinson, Chase F 152 Rocha Pitta, Sebastia˜o (1660–1738) 656 Rodrigues, Joa˜o (1561–1633) 545, 548 Rollin, Charles (1661–1741) 525 Romanov, Michael see Michael I, Tsar Roo, Gerard von (d 1589) 311 Rosinus, Johannes (1550–1626) 254–6 Rosweyde, Heribert (1569–1629) 391 Roti, Eastern Indonesia 120–1 Roubaud, Pierre-Joseph-Andre´ (1730–92) 408 Rous, John (1411?–91) 490 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques (1712–78) 408, 409, 420, 507, 645, 670–1, 673 Row, John (1568–1646) 500 Rowlandson, Mary (c.1635–1711) 687 Royal Library, France 387 Rua, Pedro de 263–4 Rubens, Philip 256–7 Rucellai, Bernardo (1448–1514) 358 Rudbeck, Olof (1630–1702) 462 Ruddiman, Thomas (1674–1757) 500 Rudolf II, Emperor 333 Rumlu, Hasan Beg (b.1531) 177, 187 Ruăsen, Joărn 97 Rushworth, John (1612?90) 485 Russell-Wood, A J R 656 Russia 57 Normanist Controversy 297, 298, 299–300 Russian historical writing 282–301 15th century 284–6 16th century 286–8 17th century 288–90 17th century: official state historiography 294–6 18th century 296–300 autobiographies 293 chronicles 283–5, 286–7, 288, 289–90, 299 chronographs 284, 285–6, 289 hagiography 290–4 timeline/key dates 300–1 Russkii Khronograf 285–6, 289 Ryer, Pierre du 397–8 Rycaut, Paul (1628–1700) 493 Rymer, Thomas (c.1643–1713) 272, 492 722 Index Sabellico (Marcantonio Coccio) (c.1436–1506) 356–7 Sabzawari, Sayyid Muhammad (fl 1st half of 18th cent.) 188 Safavid dynasty, historical writing 9; see also Persian historical writing Safi I, Shah 179 Safinih-yi Sulaymani 174, 183–5 sagas: Iceland 461–2 Saghang Secen Khongtayiji/Ssanang Setsen Chungtaidji 46–7 Sahagu´n, Bernardino de (c.1499–1590) 19, 21, 567, 572, 603, 669 al-Sahili, Abu Ishaq 220 Sahuaraura, Justo Apo 633–4, 635 Sainte-Croix, Guillaume-Emmanuel-Joseph Guilhem de Clermont-Lode`ve baron de (1746–1809) 425 Saint-Germain, Library of 387 Saint-Re´al, Ce´sar de (1639–92) 276, 277, 278 Saint-Simon (Louis de Rouvroy) (1675–1755) 400 Sainte-Genevie`ve Library 387 Salasilah Raja-Raja Brunei 135 Sale, George (1697–1736) 493 Saleeby, Najeeb M 140 Salimbene of Parma (1221–c.1290) 348 Salutati, Coluccio (1331–1406) 235, 350 Samguk sagi, Korea 105–6 Samguk yusa, Korea 105, 106 San Bartolomeo Paolino di (Johann Philipp Wesdin) (1748–1806) 425 San Roman, Anto´nio de 541 Sa´nchez de Are´valo, Rodrigo (1404–70) 433 n Sa´nchez, Miguel (1594–1674) 665, 666 Sandel, Johann 315 Sander, Nicholas (1530?–81) 478 Santa Cruz, Alonso de (1505–67) 437 Santos y Salazar, Manuel de los 667–8 Sarmiento de Gamboa, Pedro (1532–92) 621–2, 623–4, 627, 628 Sarpi, Paolo (1552–1623) 265, 268, 330, 361, 486 Sarwani, Abbas Khan bin Shaykh ʿAli (fl late 16th cent.) 160 Sauvage, Denis 394 Savile, Henry (1549–1622) 241, 490 Saxo Grammaticus (c.1150–1220) 451, 452, 457, 460, 461, 462, 464 Scala, Bartolomeo (1430–97) 358 Scaliger, Joseph Justus (1540–1609) 11, 20, 234, 238, 239, 241, 258, 388, 481 Scaliger, Julius Caesar (1484–1558) 237 Scandinavian historical writing 449–70 1400–Reformation 449–54 Reformation–1700: 454–64 1700–1800: 464–69 chronicles 450–1, 456, 457–8 Denmark 449, 451–2, 453, 454, 455, 456–8, 459–60, 461, 464–5, 467 Finland 449, 463, 467 historical poems 454–5 Iceland 449, 461–2, 467–8 Norway 449, 457–8, 463–4 Sweden 449–50, 452–4, 455–6, 458–9, 460–1, 462–3, 466–7, 468–9 timeline/key dates 469–70 Schardt, Simon (1536–73) 333 Schedel, Hartmann 308 Schiller, Friedrich (1759–1805) 8, 342 Schloăzer, August Ludwig von (17351809) 2989, 3412 Schmidt, Michael Ignaz (1736–94) 343 Schøning, Gerhard (1722–80) 468 Schrenk von Notzing, Jacob 311 Schuătz, Caspar (154094) 335 Schwartz, Stuart B 641 n.2 Schwarzenau, Reichard Streun von (c.1538–1600) 309 Schwenckfeld, Caspar (1490–1561) 333 Scott, Walter (1771–1832) 513–14 Scottish historical writing 13–14, 476–7, 478–9, 492, 497–515 in age of politeness 501–5 antiquarianism 513 impact of 513–15 theoretical/conjectural history 505–10 timeline/key dates 515 Scriptores rerum Bohemicarum 320 Seckendorf, Veit Ludwig von (1626–92) 337–8 secret histories 276 American 690 Britain 485 China 278 Seed, John 524 Segni, Bernardo (1504–58) 359 Sejarah Melayu 133 Sejo, king of Korea (1417–68) 110, 111 Sejong, king of Korea (1397–1450) 6, 113 Selden, John (1584–1654) 241, 272–3, 487, 490, 491 Semler, Johan Salomo (1725–91) 340 Sepu´lveda, Juan Gine´s de (1494–1573) 19, 435–6, 564–5, 566, 571 serializations: Britain 489 Sextus Empiricus (c.160–210) 263 Seyssel, Claude de (c.1450–1520) 235, 236, 387, 394 Seyyid Lokman (d.1601) 9, 199 Shadwell, Thomas (1642?–92) 484 Index Shah Jahan, Padishah (Mughal emperor) (1592–1666) Shahanshah-namah 180 Shakhmatov, A A 284 Shakhovskoi, Semyon (d 1654/5) 288–9 Shamlu, Wali-Quli (fl mid-17th cent.) 179, 180, 187 Shao Jinhan 39 Sharaf Kha¯n (d 1604) 205–6 Shaw, Lachlan (1692–1777) 513 Shengjing tongzhi (gazeteer) 35 Sherlock, Thomas (1678–1761) 273 Shi Kefa (d.1645) 36, 37 Shilu (Veritable Records), China Shimada, Kenji Shin Thilawuntha (fl 1520s) 124 Shirazi, ʿAbdi Beg (d 1580) 177 Shoku nihon ko¯ki 87 Shoku nihongi 87 Shorto, H L 126, 141, 143 Sho¯toku Taishi (d 622) 84 Shukrı¯ (fl 1520s) 205 Shuddhodhana, King 150 Siam Ayutthaya Empire 120 Buddhism 127, 128–9 Siamese/Thai historical writing 126–9 Sibbald, Robert (1641–1722) 492, 513 Sicily chronicles 369–70 eruditi 370 Sidney, Philip (1554–86) 263, 479 Sigismund I, Emperor (1368–1437) 305–6 Sigonio, Carlo (c.1524–84) 237, 254 Silesia 310 Sillok, Korea 110–12 Silsilat al-Nasab-i Safawiyyih 180 Sima Guang (1019–86) 24, 39, 40, 88, 97, 110 Sima Qian (c.145–c.86 BC) 5, 96, 97, 105 Simon, Pedro (1574–c.1628) 652 Simon, Richard (1638–1712) 238, 271, 393 simultaneity 18–20 Sin Chung-il 45 Sinocentrism, cultural Sˇira tuyuji 46–7 al-Sirhindi, Yahya bin Ahmad bin ʿAbd Allah 164, 167 Sittich, Marx (1563–1620) 309 Slavata, Vile´m (William) (1572–1652) 315–16 slavery 697 critiques of 695 French Enlightenment historical writing and 421–2 West Africa 214, 221, 224, 226–9 Sleidan, Johann (Johannes Sleidanus) (1506–56) 264, 312, 330–1, 399, 436, 493 723 Smith, Adam (1723–90) 14, 501, 505, 508–10, 551, 663 Smith, John (1580–1631) 688–9 Smith, Samuel (1720–76) 691 Smith, William, Jr (1728–93) 691 Smollett, Tobias (1721–71) 494, 521, 523 Smuta, see Time of Troubles Sofiskaia I letopis’ 284 Solovki Monastery 293 Somdet Phra Wannarat 127 Song Lian (1310–81) 27 Songhay: Morocco and 226–7 Songshi 30 son’no¯-jo¯i movement 90 Sounet Phothisane 131 Sousa, Gabriel Soares de (1540–91) 640, 644–5 South Asian historical writing 8–9 rewriting of 143–4 Southeast Asia 1–2 Buddhism 121–2, 142–3 Confucianism 121, 123 maps 25, 149 oral history 120–1 Southeast Asian historical writing 119–44 Bali 137–8 biographies 122 Burma 124–6 Cambodia 131–2 chronicles 120–1, 124–6, 127–8, 130, 131–2, 133, 134, 136, 138–9, 141, 143, 144 Ðai Vieˆt/Vietnam 121–4 ˙ Eastern˙ Indonesia 138–9 genealogies 141 Java 135–7 Lan Na and other northern Tai societies 129–30 Laos 130–1 and legitimacy of rulers 121–2, 141–2 Philippines 139–40 Siam/Thailand 126–9 Sumatra and the Malay World 132–5 Southey, Robert (1774–1843) 640–1, 656–7 Spafarii, Nicolae Milescu (1636–1708) 294–5 Spalatin, Georg (1484–1545) 334 Spangenberg, Cyriacus (1528–1604) 334 Spanish American colonial historical writing 661–78 debates in Spain 663–4 European traditions of reading 669–73 map: Post-Conquest North and South America 662 New Spain 673–8 typological traditions 664–9 Spanish historical writing 13, 19–20, 21–2, 428–47 724 Spanish historical writing (cont.) under Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella 428–35 under Charles V: 435–41 chronicles 429–31, 439 forgeries 433–4 and myth 433–5 under Philip II: 441–5 timeline/key dates 447 see also Hispanic New World historical writing Spannagel, Gottfried Philipp (d.1749) 319 Spelman, Henry 490 Sperg, Joseph von (172591) 320 Spiegel der Ehren des hoăchstloăblichsten Kayser- und Koăniglichen Erzhauses Oesterreich 311–12 Spinoza, Baruch (Benedict) (1632–77) 270 Spottiswood, John (1565–c.1639) 478–9, 500 Ssanang Setsen Chungtaidji (Saghang Secen Khongtayiji) 46–7 Staden, Hans 648, 649 Stepennaia Kniga 286–7 Stephanius, Stephanus J (1599–1650) 461 Stewart, Charles 217 Stewart, Dugald (1753–1828) 498, 505, 513 Stillingfleet, Edward (1635–99) 487 Stith, William (1707–55) 690 Store rimkroănikan 451 Storey, C A 159 Storia dellanno 3778 Stứrssứn, Mattis (c.1500–69) 457–8 Stow, John (1525?–1605) 479, 490 Stra´nsky´, Pavel (c.1583–1657) 315 Streun von Schwarzenau, Reichard 309 Strutt, Joseph (1749–1802) 531 Strype, John (1643–1737) 485 Stuart, Gilbert (1742–86) 512, 515 Stukeley, William (16871765) 491 Stumpf, Johannes (150078) 332, 333 Sturekroănika 451 Sudan 215, 223 Andalusia and 221–2 Suecia antiqua et hodierna 463 sufism 219 India 155–6 Qadiriyya sufi brotherhood 212, 216, 223, 2245, 2289 Suger, abbot 390 Sáuăkrullah (c.1488) 1967 Sulalat al-Salatin 133 Sulayman, Shah (d.1694) 180, 183 Suăleiman the Magnificent, Sultan (1494–1566) 197, 206, 208–9 Sumatran/Malay historical writing 132–5 Sunjiata epic, Mali 219–20 Index Suryavamsa Bhikkhu 130 al-Suyuti (1445–1505) 217 Suzi C ¸ elebi (d.1522) 195 Svaning, Hans (c.1500–84) 456–7 Swart, Peder (d 1562) 456 Swedish historical writing: chronicles 450–1, 456 Sweden 449–51, 452–4, 455–6, 458–9, 460–1, 462–3, 466–7, 468–9 Swift, Jonathan (1667–1745) 487, 488, 553 Swiss historical writing 332–3 Synadinos (fl 1642) 203 Tachard, Guy (1651–1712) 184 Tacitus (c.56–c.120) n 10, 235, 236, 239–40, 241, 307, 328, 384, 445 n 27, 453, 460, 467, 480, 481, 490, 525–6, 685 Tadhkirat al-Muluk 174, 181–3 T’aejong taewang sillok, Korea Tahmasp I, Shah (1514–76) 175, 176, 177, 180, 185 Tailfer, Patrick (fl 1741) 692 Taiwan 50 Taizu Wuhuangdi shilu 49 Tamnam Muang Nakhon Si Thammarat 128–9 Tamnam Phraboromathat Muang Nakhon Si Thammarat 1289 Tamnam phuăn muăang Chiang Mai 130 tamnan, Siam 127, 128–30, 142 tamra, Siam 129, 142 Tan Qian (1594–1658) 61, 64–5 Taʾrı¯kh-i Alfi 161 Tarisse, Gre´goire 391 tarsilas, Philippines 140 Tartars: European historical writing on 546, 549 Tasákoăpruăzade, Ahmed (d 1561) 2001 Tatishchev, Vasilii (16861750) 2967 tazkira literature, India 1556 Tedlock, Dennis 586 Tegel, Erik Joăransson (15631636) 458 Temple, William (1628–99) 241, 488, 492 Tena, Rafael 600, 613 Tesauro, Emanuele (1592–1675) 365 Teresa de Jesu´s 613 Tevaˆrıˆh-i al-i ʿOsman 198 Tevaˆrıˆh-i Paˆdishaˆhaˆn-i Fraˆnc¸e 199 Tezozo´moc, Fernando Alvarado (1525–1610) 606–10 Theuerdank 308 The´vet, Andre´ (1502–90) 646–7 Thilawuntha, Shin 124 Thomas of Elmham (1364–1440?) 475 Thomasius, Christian (1655–1728) 240 Thuro´czy, Ja´nos (1435–88/9) 306 Index Tibet 51 Tihrani, Abu Bakr (fl 2nd half of 15th cent.) 176 Tillemont, Se´bastien Le Nain de (1637–98) 392–3 Tillet, Jean du (d 1570) 240, 395, 397 Timbuktu, Mali 214 Ahmad Baba Institute 215–16, 217 Mamma Haidara library 217–18 al-Sahili and 220 Time of Troubles (Smuta), Russia 283, 288–9, 290 Timofeev, Ivan (c.1555–1631) 288–9 Tira de Tepechpan 595–6, 596 Tiraboschi, Girolamo (1731–94) 372 tiras 580, 589–90, 595–7, 596 Titu Cusi 626 Thie`ˆn Uyeˆn̉ Taˆ p Anh 122 Thilawuntha, ˙Shin 124 Tokugawa Ieyasu (1542–1616) 86, 87, 88 Tokugawa Mitsukuni (1628–1700) 80, 87, 88–90, 99 Toledo, Francisco de 627, 628 Tomar-i huămayun 2068 Tominaga Nakamoto (171546) 279 Tonalamatl Aubin 675 Tongguk t’onggam 109–10 Torfæus, Tormod 463–4 Torquemada, Juan de (1565–1624) 669 Toungoo Empire, Burma 120 Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–98) 82 translation 124, 235, 237, 238, 241–2 Trapezuntius, George (George of Trebizond) (1395–1484) 236 Trevisa, John (d.1402) 475 Trevor-Roper, Hugh (1914–2003) 214 Tribonian (c.500–47) 239 Trigault, Nicolas 544–5 Troitskii svod 284 Troyli, P (1687–1757) 370 Tschudi, Aegidius (1505–72) 332 Tucher family 334 Tughluq, Firuz Shah, Sultan (1309–88) 156–7 Tughluq, Muhammad Shah, Sultan (c.1300–51) 156 Tun Seri Lanang 134 Tupac Amaru, Jose´ Gabriel Condor canqui 636 Turgot, Anne-Robert-Jacques (1727–81) 408, 412, 420 Turmair, Johannes (Aventinus) (1477–1534) 307, 314 Turne`be, Adrien (1512–65) 239 Turner, Sharon (1768–1847) 530–1 Twelver Shiʾism 173–4 Twenty-Five Dynastic Histories (Ershiwushi) 24, 27–8, 30 Tyrrell, James (1642–1718) 487, 488 725 Tytler, William (1711–92) 500 U Kala (1678–1738) 125, 143 U, king of Korea 108 ʿUmar Tall, al-Hajj (1796–1864) 217 Umuna 52 Underhill, John (1597–1672) 686 Union of Kalmar 449, 453 Unitas Fratrum (Unity of Czech Brethren) 314 universal history 16, 127, 134, 179, 196–9, 206, 217, 312, 326, 330, 372–4, 391, 415, 421, 425, 433, 440, 450, 457, 493 Universal History 493 Universal Map of the Great Ming Dynasty (Da-Ming hunyi tu) 33 Universities 16, 155, 239, 240, 242, 262, 304, 307, 317, 326, 330, 336, 341, 347, 349, 364, 370, 387, 439, 456, 462, 479, 487, 511, 521, 539, 566, 567, 575, 637, 663, 671 urban chronicles and histories 10–11, 12, 235, 310, 439, 475, 479, 486, 531 Usana Bali 137 Usana Jawi 137 Ussher, James (1581–1656) 481 ʿUthman dan Fodio (c.1754–1817) 229 Valignano, Alessandro (1484–1551) 545 Valla, Lorenzo (c.1406–57) 11, 235, 236–9, 263, 264, 279, 351, 353–4, 355, 390–1 Valvasor, Johann Weickhard von (1641–93) 309 Van Kley, Edwin J 537 van Liere, Katherine 443 n 23 Van Tassel, David 681, 696 van Vliet, Jeremias (fl 1630s–40s) 128 Varchi, Benedetto (1503–65) 359 Vardapet Arak‘el Dawrizhets‘i (d 1670) 205 Vardapet Grigor Kamakhets‘i (d 1643) 204 Varillas, Antoine (1626–96) 276 Varro, Marcus Terrentius (116–27 BC) 244, 251, 254 Vatican Library 354, 355 Vedel, Anders Sørensen (1542–1616) 457 Velikie Minei Chetii 286–7, 291 Vella, Giuseppe 370 Venuti, Filippo (1531–87) 372 Verdier, Antoine du (1533–1600) 388–9, 389 Vergerio, Pier Paolo (1370–1444) 306 Vergil, Polydore (c.1470–1555) 240, 262, 359, 476, 479 Veritable Records Office, China 30 vernacular literature Southeast Asia 120 chronicles 314–15 Verri, Alessandro (1741–1816) 379 726 Index Verri, Pietro (1728–97) 379–80 Vespucci, Amerigo (1451–1512) 642–3, 644, 645 n 18 Vettori, Francesco (1474–1539) 359 Vickers, Adrian 138 Vickery, Michael 128, 132 Vico, Enea (1523–67) 263 Vico, Giambattista (1668–1744) 13, 258, 271, 274, 318, 373–5, 377, 380, 668, 670 Victor Amadeus II, duke of Savoy and king of Sardinia 377 Vieˆt Sử Lược 122 ˙ Vietnam 1–2, Leˆ/Trinh principalities 120 Nguyeˆ˙n principality 120 Vietnamese historical writing 121–4 Viktring, Johannes von (c.1270–1347) 305 Villani, Giovanni (c.1276–1348) 348 Villegagnon, Nicholas de 646 Vincent of Beauvais (c.1190–c.1264) 384 Vincent, Philip (b.1600) 686 Vlacˇic´, Matija (Flacius Illyricus) (1520–75) 238, 312, 314, 391 Voigt, Mikula´ˇs Adaukt (1733–87) 320 Volney, Constantin-Franc¸ois Chassebuf de La Giraudais, comte (1757–1820) 408 Voltaire (Franc¸ois-Marie Arouet) (1694–1778) 16, 268, 275, 378, 408, 409, 412, 414, 415–18, 424, 425, 518, 521, 538, 550, 553 Vongsa Sarapech, Okna (Nong) (fl early 19th cent.) 132 von Hutten, Ulrich (1488–1523) 264, 391 Vossius, G J (1577–1649) 23940 Vu Qu`ynh ( early 16th cent.) 123 Waldseemuăller, Martin (1470–1522) 329 Walsingham, Thomas (fl 1360–1420) 475 Wan Sitong (1638–1702) 31 Wang Fuzhi (1619–92) 69–70 Wang Hongxu (1645–1723) 31 Wang Hui (1322–78) 27 Wang Shizhen (1526–90) 61, 65–6 Wangarawa Chronicle 218, 219 Wanley, Humfrey (1672–1726) 492 Wannarat, Somdet Phra (fl late 18th cent.) 127 al-Wansharisi (1431–1508) 216–17 war tales (gunki monogatari), Japan 82 Warburton, William (1698–1779) 670 Warkworth, John (d 1500) 476 Warton, Thomas (1728–90) 531 Warwick, Philip (1609–83) 484 Wassenberg, Everhard (1610–c.1667) 336 Wei Su (1303–72) 27 Wei Yuan (1794–1857) 75–6 Weickhard von Valvasor, Johann 309–10 Weißkunig 308 Welser, Marcus (1558–1614) 334 West African Islamic historical writing 212–30 autobiographies 217 biographies 225 chronicles 218, 219, 222–3 legal materials 216–17, 220 libraries 217–18, 220 literacy 214 oral history 218, 219 slavery 214, 221, 224, 226–9 timeline/key dates 230 Wexionius-Gyldenstolpe, Michael 463 Wharton, Henry (1664–95) 487 Wheare, Degory (1573–1647) 485 Whitaker, John (1735–1808) 531 White Lotus Rebellion 55 Whitelocke, Bulstrode (1605–75) 484 Wigand, Johann (1523–87) 331 wild literacy 601 Wilks, Ivor 223 William of Newburgh (1136?–98?) 261 William I, king of England 493 William III, king of England 493 Willis, Browne (1682–1760) 492 Wilson, Arthur (1595–1652) 482 Wimpfeling, Jacob (1450–1528) 328 Winckelmann, Johann Joachim (1717–68) 338 Winsted, Richard 135 Winterthur, Johann von (c.1300–48) 305 Winthrop, John (1588–1649) 683–4 Wodrow, Robert (1679–1734) 488–9 Womersley, David 527 Woolf, Daniel 521, 523 Worm, Ole (1588–1654) 461 Wotton, William (1666–1727) 241 Wu, empress of China 65 Wurstisen, Christian (1544–88) 333 Wyatt, David 130 Wyntoun, Andrew (c.1355–1422) 498 Xingjing er dao hezi jiu lao cheg 45 n Xiyu tuzhi 35 Xu Huanpu 45 n Xu Qianxue (1631–94) 34–5 Xu Wenxian tongkao 38 Xu Yuanwen (1634–91) 31 Xu Zizhi tongjian 40 Xuanye, Kangxi emperor (1654–1722) 50, 51–2 Yahs¸i Fakı (fl 1413) 195–6 Yahya, Dahiru 214 Yahya Maniyari, Shaykh Sharaf al-Din 158 Yakub Beg 55 Yamagata Banto¯ (1748–1821) 280 Yan Ruoju (1636–1704) 279 Index Yanagisawa Yoshiyasu (1658–1714) 93 Yang, Lien-sheng 61 yangban, Korea 111–12 Yazdi, Jalal al-Din Munajjim (d after 1611) 178–9, 187 Yazdi, Muhammad Mufid (fl c.1670) 181 Yazdi, Sharaf al-din (d 1454) 175 Yazıcızaˆde Ali (fl 1424) 199 Yerasimos, Stefanos 197 Yi Ku˘ng-ik (1736–1806) 115–16 Yi So˘ng-gye 104 Yi Yinseong 45 n Yingzong, emperor of China 31, 62 Yiwen zhi 61 Yongbi eo’cheonga 44 n Yongbi o˘ch’o˘n’ga 113 Yongle, emperor of China (1360–1424) 29, 34, 65 Yongli shilu (Wang Fuzhi) 69 Yo˘ngjo, King 112, 116 Yongzheng, emperor of China (1678–1735) 34–5 Yo˘nsan’gun, king of Korea (1476–1506) 109, 111, 113 Yoshida Kanetomo (1435–1511) 83 You Tong (1618–1704) 32 Yu Insun 123 Yu So˘ng-ryong (1542–1607) 116 Yu Tu˘k-kong (1748–1807) 115 Yuan dynasty 62 Yuan Empire Yuan Paˆi 128 Yuding Zizhi tongjian gangmu sanbian 37 Yupi lidai tongjian jilan 38, 40 Yuzhi ping jian chanyao 40 Zahidi, Shaykh Husayn Pirzadih 180 Zapata, Juan Ventura 667–8 Zeami Motokiyo (1363?–1443?) 83–4 Zhamanakagrut‘iwn 205 Zhang Tingyu (1672–1755) 32 Zhang Xuecheng (1738–1801) 26–7, 72–4, 279 Zhao Yi (1727–1824) 39, 72 Zheng Qiao (1104–62) 38 zhengtong (legitimate dynastic rule) 26 Zhihe fanglve 50 Zhu Shunshui (1600–82) 89 Zhu Xi (1130–1200) 26, 61, 62, 88, 278, 279 Zhu Yunming (1461–1527) 62 Zhuang Cunyu (17191788) 74 Zuăbdetuăt-tevarh 2069 Zuikei Shuho (13911473) 823 Zurita y Castro, Jero´nimo de (1512–80) 438 n 14 727