INDEX Pantheon 95 Papacy 288 paralogisms 105, 242 Paris 34, 85 Paris, Abbe 319 parrot 224 Pascal, Blaise 53–7, 253, 256–8, 308–9 passions 83, 244 Paul III, Pope Paul St 16, 303 Paul V, Pope 24 perception 51, 82, 163–4, 202, 233; clear and distinct, 215–7 perfection 98, 307 person vs man 224–7 personal identity 223–7 phenomena vs noumena 161 phenomena, well-founded 233 phenomenalism 203 Philoponus, John 23 physics 98 Pico della Mirandola 15 pineal gland 217, 231 Pisa 22 Plato 2, 223, 277, 281, 330 Platonism 47–9, 185, 307 pleasure 67, 258 Pope, Alexander 56, 74, 98 Port Royal 55, 257 possibility 100 possible worlds 304, 313–4 powers 136 practical reason 327 predestination 9–10 pre-established harmony, 72, 75,142, 234, 313 price vs worth 267 priests 280–1 principles (in Kant) 104 354 privacy 213 probabiliorism 255 probabilism 253, 255–6 promise 265–6, 289–990 property rights 262, 274, 287, 291 prophecy 64 Protestantism 4–10, 43, 71 provisional morality 252 Prussia 100, 301 punishment 226, 270, 292 Pyrrho of Elis 117 qualities, primary vs secondary 43, 51, 134, 146–8, 169 Rabelais, Franc¸ois 11 racism 302 rainbows 35, 65, 161, 232 Ramus, Peter 11–13 Raphael rationalism 43, 57, 104, 127 rationality 213 reason vs passion 83, 261 reason vs senses 118, reason vs understanding 103 reasons vs causes 72, 244 referenda 298 Reid, Thomas 87 reincarnation 224 relation 182 relativity 130, 135 religion 329–30 res cogitans 214 rights 268–9 Robespierre 300 Rousseau, J.J 85–6, 93–5, 295–8 Royal Society 32, 49, 62, 71, 75 rule of three 141 Russell, Bertrand 258, 261