Sounds
Introduction to diphthongs
A diphthong is two vowel sounds put together
Example /e/ + /1/ = /et/
The first vowel sound is longer than the second k There are eight diphthongs in English
Here are the eight diphthong sounds Look at the
phonemic symbols Can you guess what the sound is?
What is the word in phonemic script?
[ | fey /dev/ day [| /a/ /natn/ || fo /baư L] /a0/_ /naUÍ L] /ao/_ /naU/ [ ]/ea /hea |] /“/ L_] /0a* /tua/
Listen and tick (W) the sounds you guessed correctly Write in the other words
PP p62 * Many native speakers do not use this diphthong They use /o:/ instead
Cover the words Can you remember the words for the sounds? Work with a partner Test your partner by pointing to the symbols
44 Unit 11
Introduction to diphthongs Problem consonants: /n/ and /1y/ Word stress (revision)
3 Read the phonemic symbols and match the phrase to
the picture
1 arialbiad g@ 5ø kaold nauz
2 a lerzi deI 6 9 brart lait
3 fea hea 7 a laud faut 4 norzi boiz OY Li PN LIÊM Listcn and check your answers b p2
Practise saying the phrases
4 Look at the phonemic symbols on page 57 Find the words from the box for symbols 37-44 Write them in the spaces under the symbols
Trang 2Problem consonants: /n/ and /1n/
1 Look at the pairs of words in the square below Do you understand the meaning from the pictures? Check the meaning of new words in your dictionary or with your teacher
II Listen Can you hear the difference? \/ HE SAIP TRE FINISHED
2 | Practise the two sounds To make /n/ and /1/, the air 3 GRD Listen and circle Are the sentences true or comes out through your nose Your tongue is further back false?
Trang 34 Work with a partner Make some statements about the e © pictures on p45 yourself Your partner will say if they a hotel b hotel are true or false ® e a Japan b Japan đ â e photographer b photographer e e 10 wr a policeman b policeman II e e
11 ie a8 Ir a post office b post office
5 Look at the phonemic symbols on page 57 Find the =| ta iL
word from the box for sound 24 Write it in the space — under the symbol e e 12 oF a vegetable b vegetable Word focus a Word stress (revi sion) Listen and check How many did you guess correctly?
1 Can you remember the words below? Look at the mr 16)
stress Which one is correct in British English? Cross
out the incorrectly stressed words 2 Listen again and write the /9/ sounds in the correct
words, like this e e 17 a address b address /2/@ address mr p62 e e
2 a afternoon b afternoon Practise saying the words
3 Listen to some foreign students using the
e e words Tick (v7) the box if the stress on the word is
3 a cassette b cassette correct Cross (X) the box if it is wrong
i L | Have you got a dictionary?
= e e 2 [_| Do you want any more vegetables?
4 / S12 a creditcard b credit card 3 |_| Could I borrow this cassette?
Trang 4Problem vowel and diphthong sounds: /0/, /5:/, and /a0/ Words ending in the sound /3/
Weak form of to Sounding enthusiastic
Sounds ; oo - : talks a lot? John George Jo
, eats alot of chocolate? John George Jo
Problem vowel and diphthong sounds: 8 mr p62
/p/, /o:/, and /9u/ p
3 Work with a partner Ask each other questions, like
1 @PEB Listen to the three sounds Can you hear the this difference?
/d3pn/ /d30:d3/ /de0/
John George Jo
Practise saying the three names
Sounds and spelling
2 @R® Listen and answer the questions about John,
George, and Jo (The sounds /p/, /9:/, and /au/ will help Words ending in the sound /a/
youl)
Who 1 Look at the words in the box How is the last syllable
1s from Dover? John George Jo pronounced in each word?
1s from Boston? John George Jo camera answer picture was born in York? John George Jo mirror sister opera
drinks water? John George Jo centre colour flavour
drinks Coca-Cola? John George Jo actor jumper hamburger
drinks coffee? John George Jo tuna signature departure
plays polo? John George Jo
likes golfand hockey? John George Jo Listen and practise saying the words , likes all sports? John George Jo
smokes a lot? John George Jo
Trang 52 Put the words in 1 into the columns below according to their spelling | -er 2 -or 3 -a 4 -ure 5 -re 6 -our
3 Work in groups Find:
10 more words to go in Column 1
3 more words to go in Column 2
3 more words to go in Column 3
1 more word to go in Columns 4, 5, and 6
The first group to finish shouts Stop!
4 Practise saying your words Pay attention to the /9/ sound at the end Connected speech Weak form of to 1 Match the parts in A and B below to make full sentences A B
1 Tm going out ỜNGG a to see the manager 2 They’re waiting b to buy a newspaper
3 My daughter’s studying c to go out with her boyfriend 4 My brother’s going d to meet some friends abroad 5 We're going to the e to work airport
6 She’s getting ready f to become a doctor
LUZ} Listen and check your answers
Pr p62
48 Unit 12
2 Listen again Note the pronunciation of to at the beginning of B Is it strong or weak?
PP pb)
Practise saying the sentences pronouncing to correctly Start with to like this
/tabaU
to buy to buy to buy to buy a newspaper out to buy a newspaper I’m going out to buy a newspaper
Practise saying the other sentences in the same way
4 GiB The weak to is used in other contexts Listen to
the dialogue below and write in the missing fos as in the example There are six more
D Where are you going, Dad? F Toy the station meet Mum
D_ Oh, what time’s her train?
F Twenty five Do you want come?
D No, I’ve got go the doctor’s at quarter five
F Oh, yes, well, see you later!
D See you!
mr pó2
Trang 6Intonation
Sounding enthusiastic
1 RD Listen to these conversations at a party Fill in the gaps in the suggestions below 1A Let’s Ị 1B Okay then! 2A Shall we go into the 2 2B Okay 3A Lets have another Ị 3B Okayl
4A Come on, Susie, let’s Ị
4B Okay, just a minute
5A Shall we have a soon?
5B Okay, if you want to
6A Shall we start the 2
6B Okay, if you want to
Pr p62
2 Balways answers Okay, but does B really want to do what A suggests? Listen again and tick (“) if B really is enthusiastic about the suggestion, and cross (X) the dialogues where B isn’t really enthusiastic 1 |v] 3 [| | 5 [| 2L] 4L] 6 [ | mr pó2 3 In the dialogues where B is not enthusiastic, the voice starts low mm Okay
To show enthusiasm, the voice starts high and goes down and then up again, like this
Okay
Listen again and repeat what B says Copy the intonation Practise the dialogues with a partner
Your teacher* will make some suggestions to you You
must always answer Okay Use intonation to show if
you're really enthusiastic
Make a suggestion yourself See how the class responds!
* See the Answer key on page 62
Trang 7Problem vowel and diphthong sounds: /e/ and /e1/ Problem consonants: /{/ and /tj/
The sound /9/ in final syllables
Linking (revision)
Sounds 4 Listen to Jenny talking about her holiday Are
` the bold sounds /e/ or /e1/? Mark the /e/ sounds like
Problem vowel and diphthong sounds: /e/ this and the /er/ sounds like this a~p
and /et/
1 Listen to the pairs of words below Can you
hear the difference? pen pain h + tell tail EVES — wet wait
2 Now look at these words Check the meaning of new
words in your dictionary or with your teacher
LukW® Listen and circle the word you hear
1 men main
2 let late Last year, I went to Spain on holiday with my friend
3 get gate Jane The hotel was great, but the weather was terrible!
4 sell sail It rained every day for ten days!
mr p62 PP p62
5 How many examples of /e/ and /e1/ can you find in
3 You make the sound /e/ at the front of your mouth Your these sentences? Mark them in the same way as 4 lips look like this
1 An African elephant weighs five to seven tonnes
lel le 2 Elvis Presley played rock’ roll :
„ 3 The train from Newcastle to London takes four
hours
~ To make the sound /er/, first make a long /e/ sound and 4 We met in the USA in 1986
_ then a short /1/ sound
5 Julie read about the weather in Budapest
Jel + fy <> LEX Listen and check your answers
ị PP p62
6 Practise reading the sentences in 5 Pay attention to the
Now practise saying the pairs of words in 1 /e/ and /ei/ sounds
Trang 8Problem consonants: /{/ and /tƒ/
1 GED Listen to these words shirt sugar delicious dishwasher pronunciation The sound /{/ is often spelt sh What other ways is it spelt? Pr pÓ2
2 Look at the text about Sheila How many examples of the /{/ sound can you hear? Underline them
Sheila is a receptionist at the International Hotel in
Chicago At the moment she’s studying Spanish
XD Listen and check your answers
mr pé2
3 Tomake the sound /f/, first practise /s/, Now move your
tongue back and up a little It is the sound we make when we want people to be quiet!
Practise reading the text about Sheila aloud, paying
attention to the /{/ sound
4 KH Listen Can you hear the difference? she’s cheese sheep cheap
shoes choose wash watch
The second word in each pair has the sound /t/ To make the sound /tf/, first say /t/ Then say /{/ Repeat each sound quickly until you say the two sounds together The sound /tf/ is usually spelt ch
ccc
5 Look at the picture below Can you find:
a Spanish beach? Sheila catching a fish? some Scottish children? an English teacher?
a Frenchman eating cheese? _a pair of cheap shoes? two Chinese men playing chess?
Listen to the phrases Underline the sound /f/
like this — and the sound /tf/ like this nn, 6 Practise saying the words Work with a partner, like this It’s a Frenchman eating cheese What’s this?
7 Look at the phonemic symbols on page 57 Find the
words from the box for sounds 20 and 22 Write them in the spaces under the symbols
Trang 9
Sounds and spelling 2 The final syllable in the words in 1 is spelt differently in
each word, but the vowel sound in the final syllable is
The sound /2/ in final syllables always /a/
fof /a/ lof lol
merican - season children musician
1 Write in the missing letters
LEZ Listen and practise saying the words in 1 Pay attention to the sound /9/ in the final syllables
w
3 Look at the box below and find two words with the
same ending as each word in 1 Write them in the 1 Americ_a_n spaces _ §@rman _— Mexican
German successful London decision
2 seas n listen station optician revision
arrival parent careful pardon
Mexican garden student famous
delicious hospital beautician pronunciation LUEAL) Listen and check your answers 3 chidr n PP p63
4 Practise saying the words Can you think of any more
Trang 10Connected speech ` j Wy WILLY ZT
inking (revision eee Va N MSs
1 Look at the words below Check the meaning of new words in your dictionary or with your teacher
5 She speaks
absolutely ambulance attractive and
awful excellent experience
immediately incredible area
2 GEM) You will hear some sentences If they have an adjective, write adj; if they have an adverb, write adv;
and if they have an adjective and an adverb, write both 1 adi 5 6 2 — 6 = 3 7 = er 4 8 | fi az Usa - >> pó3 „19 Me 2 2) 3} Listen again and fill in the gaps in the sentences 7 She livesina 8 Tl phone for an Pr ps3 ` ĩ 4 - Notice the linking between words A and B A B fantastic_idea a
Trang 11Problem consonants: /t{/, /d3/, and /j/
Words with similar vowel sounds
Contractions and weak forms in the Present Perfect
Sounds | sảnh Tin My 3 The words below are similar in many
“ languages In English they all begin with one of the Problem consonants: /t$/, /d3/, and /j/ sounds above: /t{/, /d3/ or /j/ Listen and write the
correct symbol in the box 1 @EZNB Listen to the words below Can you hear the
difference between the three consonant sounds? 1 chocolate 2 |] yoga 3 [| chimpanzee /t J/ Chess Yes
2 Say the three words Which ones are most difficult for
ou? Practise saying these again ` 7 me 5 4 [ yacht _ Tomake đJ/ first start with the sound /1:/, iii yes ii yes 5 L] Jacket : i yes
k You practised /d3/ in Unit 8, and /t{/ in Unit 1B
: Remember that you use your voice for /d3/ but you do
_- not use your voice for /t{/
° 6 [_| chess
7] yoghurt