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THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRCULTURE AND FORESTRY TRAN THI NHU lu an INVESTIGATION OF THE WASTEWATER TREATMENT CAPACITY AFTER THE n va p ie gh tn to MINERAL EXPLOITATION BY USING AGRICULTURAL WASTES (SUGAR-CANE BAGASSE, PEANUT SHELLS AND COCONUT FIBERS) d oa nl w BACHELOR THESIS nv a lu an ll fu Study Mode: Full-time oi m Major: Environmental Science and Management at Batch: 2012-2016 nh Faculty: International Training and Development Center z z gm @ l.c om an Lu Thai Nguyen, 15/09/2016 n va ac th i si DOCUMENTATION PAGE WITH ABSTRACT Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environment Science and Management Student name Tran Thi Nhu Student ID DTN1253080006 Thesis Title Investigation of the wastewater treatment capacity after the mineral exploitation by using agricultural wastes (sugarcane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) lu an Supervisor (s) Assoc.Prof Dam Xuan Van, Thai Nguyen University of va n Agriculture and Forestry p ie gh tn to ABSTRACT This research used agricultural wastes (sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and w coconut fibers) as a low cost materials in order to remove the heavy metal in the d oa nl wastewater after the mineral exploitation and in laboratory water which was mixed a lu with a fix concentration of heavy metals (500 mg/l and 1000 mg/l) The results showed nv an that sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers have a very well heavy ll fu oi m metals adsorption capacity When the amount of adsorption materials increases, the at nh adsorption capacity of Cu, Pb also increases immediatetly For example, with sugar- z cane bagasse, the ability to absorb heavy metals is highest when sugar-cane bagasse z @ gm entered is 900g, sugar-cane bagasse can absorb about 71.452% (Treatment Pb F3Pb with the amount of sugar-cane bagasse is 900g), it increases about 1.66 times l.c om compared with the amount of Pb that it absorbed in treatment Pb ( F1Pb with the Lu an amount of sugar-cane bagasse is 300g) Similarly, the highest amount of peanut sheels n va ac th ii si and coconut fibers to absorb the heavy metals is 900g and declining due to reducing the amount of peanut shells and coconut fibers The heavy metals adsorption productivity achieved 30%-80% by comparing with the initial concentration It is concluded that agricutural wastes can remove heavy metals (Pb, Cu)in the wastewater, coconut fibers showed the best heavy metals absorption capacity followed by sugar-cane bagasse and peanut shells Keywords Sugar-cane bagasse Peanut shells lu an Coconut fibers va n Water pollution p ie gh tn to Heavy metals Numbers of Pages 44 w Date of Submission , 2016 September d oa nl Supervisor’s signature nv a lu an ll fu oi m at nh z z gm @ l.c om an Lu n va ac th iii si ACKNOWLEDGEMENT From bottom of my heart, I would like to express my deepest appreciation to all those who provided me the opportunity to complete this research First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to School Leadership and teachers at International Training and Development Center Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry those imparted for me the knowledge as well as facilitating learning and help me during the learning process in schools In particularly, Iwould like to express my sincere gratitude and deep regards tomy lu an supervisorAssoc.Prof.Dam Xuan Vanin Faculty of Management Resources - who n va took time out to hear, guide, support and encourage me on the correct path and p ie gh tn to allowing me to carry out my study to have successful results Especially, hispriceless advices are not a small contributein orienting my careers and future w Besides my supervisors, I would like to thank Dr Tran Thi Pha in Faculty of d oa nl Environment, who gave the permission to use all required equipment and the a lu necessary materials to conduct my reseach in Laboratory of Environment Resources nv an Especially, I would like to thanks for her advice, encouragement and guidance during ll fu oi m my thesis at nh Moreover, Ialso want toexpress my thanks to the Faculty of Environmentfor z helping and providing me a good laboratory with modern equipment and good z gm @ infrastructure that plays an important part in the success of my thesis I would also like to thanks to Do Minh Hong, Do Manh Dung, Nguyen Thi Van, l.c om Nguyen Vu Tuan Anh – my classmates, who provided their ongoing support, questions an Lu and suggestions n va ac th iv si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Last but not least, I would like to express my love and gratitude to my beloved parents for their support and endles love I would like to sincerely thank! Thai Nguyen, September , 2016 Sincerely, Tran Thi Nhu lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nv a lu an ll fu oi m at nh z z gm @ l.c om an Lu n va v ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of figures viii List of tables ix List of appreviations .x PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1.Research rationale .1 1.2.Research objectives lu an 1.3.Research question and hypotheses va 1.4 Limitations n p ie gh tn to PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of heavy metal d oa nl w 2.1.1 Definition and sources of heavy metals 2.1.2 Characteristics of heavy metals .5 nv a lu 2.2 Overview of Agricultural wastes an 2.2.1 Sugar-cane bagasse fu ll 2.2.2 Peanut peels m oi 2.2.3 Coconut fibers .8 nh at 2.3 The characteristics of heavy metal that related to the study 10 z z gm @ 2.3.1 Characteristics of Copper (Cu) 10 2.3.2 Characteristics of Lead (Pb) 11 l.c om 2.4 Researches on heavy metals adsorption capacity 13 an Lu 2.4.1 Research situation in Vietnam .13 n va 2.4.2 Research situation in the world 14 vi ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 PART III MATERIALS AND METHODS 16 3.1 Subjects 16 3.2 Research location and study period 16 3.3 Research Contents 16 3.4 Materials 17 3.4.1 Chemicals 17 3.4.2.Agricultural wastes 17 3.4.3.Instruments 19 lu an 3.5 Methods 20 n va 3.5.1 Collecting secondary data 20 p ie gh tn to 3.5.2 Collecting water samples, agricultural wastes samples .20 3.5.3 Experiments 21 w 3.5.4 Analytical method in laboratory 25 d oa nl 3.5.5 Data analyst 26 a lu 3.6 Target tracking 26 nv an PART IV RESULTS 27 ll fu oi m 4.1.Assessing the heavy metal adsorption capacity of agricultural wastes in water at nh which is mixed with a certain concentration of heavy metals (500 mg/l and 1000 mg/l) .27 z 4.1.1 Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of sugar- z gm @ cane bagasse 27 4.1.2 Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of peanut l.c om shells……………………………………………………………………………… 29 an Lu n va vii ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 4.1.3 Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of coconut fibers 31 4.2.Assessing the Heavy metal adsorption capacity in wastewater by using agricultural waste in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village, Tan Long commune, Thai Nguyen province 32 4.2.1.Assessing the heavymetal concentration contained in wastewater in the mining area of Lead and Zinc in Hich Village in Tan Long commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen Province 33 lu an 4.2.2.Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of n va agricultural wastes 33 p ie gh tn to PART V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 37 5.1 Discussion .37 w 5.2.Conclusion 38 d oa nl REFERENCES 40 nv a lu an ll fu oi m at nh z z gm @ l.c om an Lu n va viii ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1 Sugar-cane bagasse .17 Figure 3.2 Peanut shells 18 Figure 3.3 Coconut fibers .18 Figure 3.4 Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy machine 19 Figure 3.5 Electronic weight scale number Presica XT 120A 19 lu an Figure 4.1 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of sugar-cane bagasse with the n va concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 500 mg/l 28 p ie gh tn to Figure 4.2 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal ofsugar-cane bagasse with the concentration of Saline solution entered in water is 1000 mg/l 28 w Figure 4.3 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of peanut peels with the concentration d oa nl of Saline solution entered in water is 500 mg/l .30 nv a lu Figure 4.4 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of peanut peels with the concentration an of Saline solution entered in water is 1000 mg/l 30 fu ll Figure 4.5 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of coconut fibers with the concentration oi m of Saline solution entered in water is 500 mg/l .32 at nh Figure 4.6 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of coconut fibers with the concentration z z gm @ of Saline solution entered in water is 1000 mg/l 32 Figure 4.7 The ability to absorb HM of sugar-cane bagasse with different contents 35 l.c om Figure 4.8 The ability to absorb HM of peanut shells with different contents 36 Lu Figure 4.9 The ability to absorb HM of coconut fibers with different contents 36 an n va ix ac th 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: The time for taking the water samples 20 Table 4.1: The ability for adsorbing the HM of sugar-cane bagasse 27 Table 4.2: The ability for adsorbing the HM of peanut shells 28 Table 4.3: The ability for adsorbing the HM of Coconut fibers 31 lu an Table 4.4 The concentration (mg/l) of heavy metal in wastewater after the mineral n va exploitation in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village 33 p ie gh tn to Table 4.5 The ability to absorb HM Pb in wastewater after the mineral exploitation of sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers 34 d oa nl w nv a lu an ll fu oi m at nh z z gm @ l.c om an Lu n va x ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 solution entered in water is 500 mg/l) increase to 40.45 % It is similar with other treatments 4.1.3.Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of coconut fibers Table 4.3: The ability for adsorbing the HM of Coconut fibers Test Content Test lu of HM Content of HM in water remained in Adsorption remained in Adsorption after water after a productivity water after a productivity mixed period of time AP (%) period of time AP (%) (mg/l) (mg/l) Content of HM an Formula n va p ie gh tn to (mg/l) 235.2 ± 0.22 52.96 228.38 ± 0.35 54.34 75.982 116.23 ± 0.943 76.754 83.124 78.37 ± 0.43 84.326 267.21 ± 0.17 46.558 252.70 ± 0.09 49.46 71.738 139.645±0.459 72.071 w F1 Pb 120.09 ± 0.045 Coconut F3 Pb 84.38 ± 0.208 fibers F1 Cu 500 F2 Cu mg/l F2 Pb d oa nl nv a lu an 141.31 ± 0.148 80.908 86.75 ± 0.365 82.649 F1 Pb 497.87 ± 0.67 50.213 465.38 ± 0.35 53.462 F2 Pb 325.09 ± 0.045 67.491 316.23 ± 0.94 68.377 409.13± 0.312 59.087 521.70 ± 0.09 47.83 ll 95.46 ± 0.199 oi fu F3 Cu m at nh z Coconut F3 Pb 1000 184.38 ± 0.20 z fibers F1 Cu mg/l 567.21 ± 0.17 43.279 F2 Cu 413.31 ± 0.14 58.669 F3 Cu 258.46 ± 0.199 74.154 gm @ 81.562 l.c 60.186 245.42 ± 0.45 75.458 om 398.145±1.166 an Lu n va 31 ac th 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Figure 4.6 The ability to absorb Heavy Metal of coconut fibers with the Metal of coconut fibers with the concentration of Saline solution entered in concentration of Saline solution entered water is 500 mg/l in water is 1000 mg/l lu Figure 4.5 The ability to absorb Heavy an n va p ie gh tn to The results in table 4.3, figure 4.5 and 4.6 indicated that, Coconut fibers have the adsorption capacity of is better than w input HM, the amount of that contained in wastewater is lesser than the amount d oa nl of because with the same amount of in both concentration of 500 mg/l, 1000 mg/l This results showed that a lu nv coconut fibers have the highest adsorption productivity that is 84.326 % in F3 Pb ( an with the HM concentration added is 500 mg/l in test 2) ll fu oi m 4.2 Assessingthe Heavy metal adsorption capacity in wastewater by using at nh agricultural wastes in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village, Tan Long z commune, Thai Nguyen province z @ gm Based on the successful application in the use of sugar-cane bagasse, peanut l.c shells and coconut fibers in the HM domestic absorption experiments with HM om concentrations are given in 500 mg/l and 1000 mg/l and it provides a high efficiency, Lu an we have applied in the reality to absorb the heavy metal in the wastewater after the n va 32 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 mineral exploitation in the mining area of lead, zinc Hich village in Tan Long commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen province The application of technology to adsorpting the heavy metal after the mineral exploitation was achievedgood results 4.2.1 Assessing the heavy metal concentration that contained in wastewater in the mining area of Lead and Zinc in Hich Village in Tan Long commune, Dong Hy district, Thai Nguyen Province The mining activities in the mining area: heavy metals and other hazardous chemicals in mining area have a directly affect to the health of those exposed and lu an cause of the diseases related to eyes, skin, nose, throat, kidney, liver disease even n va cancer, destroying the central of nervous system Surface water and groundwater is p ie gh tn to also seriously polluted by this activity Toxic substances and heavy metals affected to the surrounding area such as polluting the surface water, ground water and residential w areas The findings of the medical institute of labor and environmental hygiene shows d oa nl that the mining exploitation activities in the mining of lead, zinc in Hich village often a lu discharge to the environment a large number of heavy metal, the heavy metal levels nv an exceeding the allowable limit from 2-10 times of lead, 2-15 times of Zinc ll fu oi m Table 4.4 The concentration (mg/l) of heavy metal in wastewater after the mineral Pb (mg/l) z Sample’s name at nh exploitation in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village z 55.654 0.5 gm ISO B5945:2005 @ Pb concentration l.c om From table 4.4, we can see that the concentration of Pb that contained in waste water Lu an after the mining exploitation in this study is very high The concentration of Pb that n va 33 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 determine in this area is 55.654 mg/l whereas the concentration of Pb in ISO is very low, just 0.5 mg/l It exceeded11.13 times compared with that in ISO These results showed that the aquatic environmental in this area was seriously pollutedby Pb concentration It has brought an enormous affect to human health and livingorganisms surrounding this area 4.2.2 Assessing the ability to absorb heavy metals (HM) in the wastewater of agricultural wastes The absorption capacity of Lead by using agricultural wastes (sugar-cane lu an bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) were examined n va Table 4.5 The ability to absorb HM Pb2+ in wastewater after the mineral exploitation p ie gh tn to of sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers Test Content Content of HM of HM in remained in Adsorption remained in Adsorption water water after a productivity water after a productivity (mg/l) period of time AP (%) period of time AP (%) d oa nl w Formula Content of HM nv a lu (mg/l) (mg/l) 24.04± 0.072 22.077± 0.071 60.33 18.11± 0.113 67.45 15.847 ± 0.086 71.53 bagasse F3 Pb mg/l 12.41± 0.036 77.701 45.74 10.132± 0.097 28.510± 0.395 81.79 48.77 Peanut F1 Pb shells F2 Pb 55.654 21.085± 0.0164 62.11 19.065 ± 0.055 65.743 F3 Pb mg/l 16.148 ± 0.074 70.98 13.118 ± 0.38 76.429 Coconut F1 Pb 55.654 20.087± 0.035 63.91 18.51± 0.395 66.741 fibers F2 Pb mg/l 15.084 ± 0.016 72.90 10.08± 0.12 81.89 ll oi m at nh 30.196± 0.107 z 13.065± 0.553 76.524 9.004± 0.045 83.821 l.c 55.654 F2 Pb gm cane @ F1 Pb fu 56.8 z an sugar- om F3 Pb Test an Lu n va 34 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 From table 4.5, we can see that Coconut fibers have brought the best heavy metal adsorption capacity in both test, followed by sugar-cane bagasseand Peanut shells.It is clearly that with the same amount of Agricultural by-products that entered in the water, coconut fibers have higheradsorption productivity than that in peanut shells and sugar-cane bagasse Peanut shells have the lowest absorption productivity For example, in test2 of F1 Pb with 300 g of agricultural by-products, the AP of coconut fibers is 66.741 %, whereas the AP of sugar-cane bagassepeanut shells is just 60.33% and48.77 % respectively The AP of coconut fibers is higher than 1.368 times by lu an comparing with the AP of peanut fibers and it is higher than 1.106 times by comparing n va with the AP of sugar-cane bagasse It shows that the using of this agricutural by- p ie gh tn to products play an important role in removing Pb concentration in wastewater after the mineral exploitation in the mining area of Lead, Zinc in Hich Village w The particular results of each agricultural by-products showed in three d oa nl following figures: nv a lu an ll fu oi m at nh z z gm @ l.c om Figure 4.7 The ability to absorb HM of sugar-cane bagasse with different contents an Lu n va 35 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 lu an n va Figure 4.8 The ability to absorb HM of peanut shells with different contents p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nv a lu an ll fu oi m at nh Figure 4.9 The ability to absorb HM of coconut fibers with different contents z From this three figures, we can see that the concentration of heavy metals z @ which extanted in the wastewater has dropped greatly Its mean that sugar-cane gm bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers absorbed a large number of heavy metal l.c om This results show that most of heavy metal extanted in water are over the standard an Lu regulation n va 36 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 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the results showed that the amount of lu an Pb concentration whichaccumulates in the aquatic environment is very high n va Sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers have the different p ie gh tn to adsorption capacity corresponding with the different amount of waste-products The more amount of waste-products placed in water is the larger ability of waste-product to w absorb heavy metal For sugar-cane bagasse, the highest ability to absorption of heavy d oa nl metal is 900g, sugar-cane bagassecan absorbed about 61% (Formula 3, Pb, banana a lu peels = 600g) 2.6 times higher compared with (Formula 1, Pb, banana peels = 200g) nv an Similarly, the highest ability of peanut shells and coconut fibers to absorb of heavy ll fu oi m metal is 900g and declining due to reducing the amount of peanut shells and coconut fibers at nh The results shown that coconut fibers have the highest heavy metals adsorption z capacity, followed by sugar-cane bagasse and peanut shells have the lowest adsorption z @ productivity due to the structure of each agricultural by-products Because of the gm structure of peanut shells are very thin, its adsorption capacity of heavy metals is not l.c om well as sugar-cane bagasse and coconut fibers an Lu n va 37 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 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bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers The absorption of lu an and by using agricultural wastes was examined and analyzed After n va conducting the experiment, the results showed that agricultural wastes have the ability p ie gh tn to to absorb the heavy metal and in wastewater and if we conduct the experiment many times repeately, we can reduce the amount of heavy metal in wastewater w to allowable limit d oa nl By comparing the using of agricultural wastes like sugar-cane bagasse, peanut a lu shells and coconut fibers for removal the heavy metal ion in the wastewater, we can nv an use F3 (with the highest amount of agricultural by-products in both HM concentration) in wastewater because it have showed the best results ll and fu in order to handle oi m and , but it can also apply to remove other heavy metals like , z absorb at nh in improving the water quality This agricultural by-products is not only applied to z @ Therefore, the study and the application of the agricultural wastes will gm , l.c open a new direction in improving the water resources quality om an Lu n va 38 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Need for further study about the absorption of other metal ions on the adsorption materials (sugar-cane bagasse, peanut shells and coconut fibers) in order to evaluate the absorption capacity of the absorbent materials completely and optimal lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nv a lu an ll fu oi m at nh z z gm @ l.c om an Lu n va 39 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 REFERENCES Alkorta, I., Hernandez-Allica, J., & Garbisu, C (2004).Plants against the global epidemic of arsenic poisoning.Environmental international, 30(7), 945-951 Bishop J.L., Madejova´ J., Komadel P & Froeschl H (2002) The influence of structural Fe, Al and Mg on the infrared OH bands in spectra of dioctahedral smectites Clay Minerals, 37, 607ÿ616 Brown, P.; Atly Jefcoat, I.; Parrish, D.; Gill, S.; Graham, E Evaluation of the Adsorptive Capacity of Peanut Hull Pellets for Heavy Metals in Solution 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J.G Woodroof, Coconuts: Production, Processing, Products 2nd ed New York: AVI z gm @ Publishing Co Inc (1979) J Nouri, A H Mahvi, A A Babaei, G R Jahed, and E Ahmadpour, “Investigation l.c of heavy metals in groundwater,” Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, vol om 9, no 3, pp 377–384, 2006 an Lu n va 40 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Kumar, U Agricultural Products and by-Products as a Low Cost Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Removal from Water and Wastewater : A Review Sci Res Essay 2006, 1, 33–37 Kurniawan TA, Chan GY, Lo WH, Babel S (2006) Comparison of low-cost adsorbents for treating wastewaters laden with heavy metals, Sci Total Environ 366: 409426 Nevell, T P.; Zeronian, S H Cellulose Chemistry And Its Applications; Ellis Horwood Limited: Chichester, 1985; p 552 Osvaldo Karnitz Jr, L.V.A Gurgel, J.C.P de Melo, V.R Botaro, T.M.S Melo, R.P.de Freitas Gil and L.F Gil (2007), “Adsorption of heavy metal ion from aqueous lu an single metal solution by chemically modified sugarcane bagasse”, Bioresource n va Technology, 98, 1291-1297 p ie gh tn to O’Donohue J, Reid M, Varghese A, Portmann B, Williams R (1999) A case of adult chronic copper self-intoxication resulting in cirrhosis Eur J Med Res 4: 252 w Öztürk, H B.; Vu-manh, H.; Bechtold, T Interaction of Cellulose with Alkali Metal Ions and Complexed Heavy Metals Lenzinger Berichte 2009, 87, 142–150 d oa nl Papandreous A, Stournaras CJ, Panias D (2007) Copper and cadmium adsorption on a lu pellets made from fired coal fly ash J Hazard Mater 148: 538-547 nv Pentari D, Perdikatsis V, Katsimicha D, Kanaki A (2009) Sorption properties of low an ll fu calorific value Greek lignites: removal of lead, cadmium, zinc and copper ions oi m from aqueous solutions J Hazard Mater 168: 1017-1021 Shukla, S R.; Pai, R S Adsorption of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) on Modified Jute nh at Fibres Bioresour Technol 2005, 96, 1430–1438 z Tam NFY, Wong YS (1996) Retention and distribution of heavy metal in mangrove z gm @ soils receiving wastewater.Environ Pollut 94:283-291 Umesh K Garg and Dhiraj Sud (2005), “Optimization of process parameters for l.c om removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions using modified sugarcane bagasse”, an Lu Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 4(6), n va 1150-1160 41 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Van Genderen EJ, Ryan AC, Tomasso JR, Klaine SJ (2005) Evaluation of acute copper toxicity to larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) in soft surface water.Enviro Toxicol Chem 24: 408-414 W.P Armstrong, Botanical Records Breakers, 19 The Most Valuable Botanical Jewels: (2008) Yong-Jae Lee (2005), “Oxidation of sugarcane bagasse using a combination of hypochlorite and peroxide”, B.Sc., Chonnam National University lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nv a lu an ll fu oi m at nh z z gm @ l.c om an Lu n va 42 ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 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