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THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY a lu n va n PHAM VAN TUNG p ie gh tn to Topic title: EVALUATION OF BIOGAS USEDIN TAN KIM COMMUNE d oa nl w PHU BINH DISTRICTTHAI NGUYEN PROVINCE a lu f an nv BACHELOR THESIS oi lm ul nh Study mode: Full-time at Major: environmental science and management z z Faculty: International Training and Development Center om l.c gm @ Batch: K42 an Lu n va ac th si i Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name Pham Van Tung Student ID DTN1053050060 Thesis title Evaluation of biogas used in Tan Kim commune Phu Binh didtrict Thai Nguyen province Superviser Prof.Dr Tran Ngoc Ngoan Abstract: Global warming is urgent issue when effect of global warming can be recognized by a lu everyone Agriculture contribute large proportion to warm up the Earth, especially n n va livestock The effective measure such as biogas are essential for sustainable tn to development Although biogas can reduce pollutants in wastewater, wastewater still pollutes the environment This study collected data about biogas use in Tan Kim p ie gh commune, an agricultural commune in Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province, to oa nl w evaluate the effectiveness of biogas technology in household scale in hadling livestock waste treatment All document related to biogas, Tan Kim’s condition is collected It is the background for this research Biogas outlet wastewater in Tan d nv a lu Kim is collected to analysis pollution level and effectiveness of biogas tanks The methodologies such as inheritence, comparision, random sampling and some lab f an method were used Although the result demonstrates good status, many drawbacks ul oi lm were found The outlet wastewater is not treated completely and many household, who use biogas, lack of secondary measure They not have biological ponds or nh at sedimentation tanks to handle outlet wastewater of biogas In conclusion, biogas is z z an effective measure in livestock waste treatment, however there are some gm Biogas, livestock waste treatment Number of pages: Date of submission 1/15/2015 om l.c Key words: @ disadvantages need to be solved an Lu n va ac th si ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To begin with, we know that knowledge is just only can be proved by our works, and internship is one of the best opportunity for student whose can their first project before they find their jobs in the future By this way, learners can easily experience more the working environment, and it is extremely important for our life after that Besides that, we are not only improving ourselves by knowledge in company environment but also making more friends whose are having many experiences in environment, and it will help us in the near future From my a lu perspective, this internship is absolutely needed, helpful and important n Because of that, and be assigned by the International Training Center and n va also the allowed of Tan Kim Commune people’s committee, I started the thesis: tn to “EVALLUATION OF BIOGAS USED IN TAN KIM COMMUNE, PHU p ie gh BINH DISTRICT, THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE”, I got helps from Professor Nguyen Ngoc Ngoan, my supervisor To well done this thesis, I want to express profound gratitude to Advanced oa nl w Education Program, the school administrators, the staffs in Tan Kim Commune d people’s committee, and particularly my supervisor, Professor Tran Ngoc Ngoan a lu who is always supports me every single time I got troubles I would like to send him nv f an a warmly thanks for his support, and for his sacrifice for education, as same as oi lm ul environmental issues in Vietnam All in all, I would like to say that I have tried my best to finish this thesis in at nh my abilities However, honestly, I partly believe that my thesis still have some problems because of the limitation of knowledge and reality experiences, especially z z in our environmental circumstances these days It is totally happy if I can get @ om l.c in a fantastic way, to get the best results gm feedbacks and comments from you, my teachers and supervisor to finish my thesis an Lu n va ac th si iii Abbreviations AD: anaerobic digestion BOD: biological oxygen demand COD: chemical oxygen demand MARD: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development T-N: Total nitrogen T-P: Total phosphorus VFA: Volatile fatty acids a lu n n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w f an nv a lu oi lm ul at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va ac th si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 iv TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aimof the thesis .2 1.3 Requirementsofthesis .2 1.4 Research questions PARTII LITERATUREREVIEW 2.1Overview oflivestock waste: a lu 2.1.1Definition oflivestock waste n 2.1.2 Classification oflivestock waste n va 2.1.3 Ability to pollution of livestock waste tn to 2.1.4 The applicationoflivestock waste 2.2 Biogas and biogas technology in livestock waste treatment p ie gh 2.2.1 Biogas defenition 2.2.2 The composition of biogas oa nl w 2.2.3 Characteristicsof biogas 2.2.4 Thechemical reactionsandthe formation ofbiogas d 2.2.5 Factorsaffectingthe formation ofbiogas 10 a lu nv 2.2.6 Advantages of using biogas in livestock waste treatment 11 f an 2.2.7 Structureofbiogas 13 oi lm ul 2.2.8 Some types of biogas in Vietnam .13 2.3 The utilization of biogas in the world and Vietnam 19 nh 2.3.1 The utilization of biogas in the world 19 at 2.3.2 The utilization of biogas in Vietnam 20 z z CHAPTER III OBJECTS, CONTENTS AND METHODOLOGY 21 @ 3.1 Objects and scope of the study 21 gm 3.1.1 Objectsof the study .21 om l.c 3.1.2 Scope of the study .21 3.2 Location and Research Time 21 an Lu 3.3 Contents of study 21 n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 v 3.4 Methodology 22 CHAPTER IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 24 4.1 Natural, economic andsocio-cultural condition of TanKim commune 24 4.1.1Natural conditionsofTanKim commune 24 4.1.2 Theeconomic-cultural-social condition of TanKim commune 25 4.1.3 Environmental Status in Tan Kim commune 28 4.2 Current status of biogas use in livestock waste treatment in Tan Kim commune 29 4.2.2Input materialsforbiogas 34 4.2.3 Sources of biogas information 34 4.2.4 Reasonsto installbiogas .35 a lu 4.2.5 The utilization ofbiogasproducts 36 n n va 4.2.6 Laboratory results .36 tn to CHAPTER V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 42 5.1 Discussion 42 p ie gh 5.2 Conclusion .42 d oa nl w f an nv a lu oi lm ul at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 vi List of Tables Table 2.1: Composition of biogas Table4.1: Resultof food production, animal husbandryand fisheryin 2010 26 Table 4.2: Construction time of biogas tanksin TanKim 30 Table 4.3: Type of biogas in Tan Kim commune .31 Table 4.4: Wastewater discharge location and Distanceof discharge locationwithwater source 33 Table4.5: Reasonsto peopleinstallbiogas 35 a lu Table4.6: Analysis Results ofphysical and chemicalindicatorsof biogas n n va wastewater samples 37 p ie gh tn to Table 4.7: Average Value of some indicators of biogas input wastewater .37 d oa nl w f an nv a lu oi lm ul at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 vii List of Figures Figure 2.1: Types of box biogas type 14 Figure 2.2: types of cylindrical biogas type 14 Figure 2.3: Type of Can Tho university 16 Figure 2.4: Type of Energy Institute 16 Figure 4.1: Volume of biogas tanks 31 a lu Figure 4.2 The distanceofbiogas tanks withwater source 32 n n va Figure 4.3 Sources of biogas information 34 Figure4.4: Comparison ofCODindicatorsofbiogas 38 tn to Figure 4.5: Comparison of BODindicatorsofbiogas 39 p ie gh Figure 4.6: Comparison of T-Pindicatorsofbiogas 39 Figure 4.7: Comparison of T-Nindicatorsofbiogas 40 d oa nl w f an nv a lu oi lm ul at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Agriculture in our country holds a key role in economic development Although our country is promoting industrialization and modernization, agriculture has a very important place in the economy, the firm fulcrum for economic development.The development of the farming sector has contributed to promote livestock development and play an important role in agricultural production a lu However, with the strong development of live stock, many environmental issues n n va have arisen, especially environmental pollution caused by animal waste Therefore finding the right solution for handling animal waste before discharge into the tn to environment is essential for the sustainable development agriculture p ie gh In Vietnam, the extensive research and application of biogas technology is one of the key solutions to solve environmental pollution, fuel supply, energy oa nl w saving, effective fertilizer in rural areas According to the Department of Livestock, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) per year industry and d a lu poultry farming generates about 75-85 million tonnes of waste, in the form of f an nv untreated manure and untreated wastewater, discharged directly into the environment causing pollution of land, water and air Currently, traditionalforms of ul oi lm livestock such as barns near the house, livestock waste directly into the environment without treatment pollute the environment, unpleasant odor, but also aesthetic nh at manner environment Fertilizers and livestock wastewater is discharged directly into z the environment that createa favorable environment for flies and mosquitoes z gm @ develop Flies and mosquitoes are the intermediate host disease dangerous to humans The strong development of flies and mosquitoes directly threat to human om l.c health and animals,even cause disease.Besides that, the stench of livestock manure and poultry is also a significant nuisance for the farmers and the farmers living an Lu n va ac th 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 around Facing this situation, to develop the livestock sector efficiency and sustainability requires measures tomanage and treat livestock waste effectively In fact, there are manyresearch projects of many organizations and individuals are doing in handling waste from livestock operations to reduce the risk of pollution as well as take advantage of the animal waste as a source of raw materials for other agricultural activities In particular, biogas technology is considered as the most effective measures, not only reduce the risk of contamination, solvethe problem of energy but also economical solution for people in rural areas However, inthe process of developingandexpandingthe difficulties a lu will arise; over time, biogas system cannot ensure efficiency n n va Stemming from the above problems, and the guide enthusiastically of tn to associate professorTran Ngoc Ngoan, the research : "Evaluation of biogas using in Tan Kim commune - Phu Binh district-Thai Nguyen province" is performed p ie gh 1.2 Aim of the thesis The Aim of this thesis is to survey and evaluate the effectiveness of biogas oa nl w use in livestock waste treatment in Tan Kim commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province, especially the level of pollutant of biogas outlet wastewater d a lu To draw a conclusion about effectivenesswhichbiogas provides andthe f an nv difficulties in the process of using biogas To Make the proposal to improve effectiveness of biogas used in Tan Kim 1.3 Requirements of thesis oi lm ul commune nh at - Survey and assessment accurately, honestly the using of biogas in Tan Kim z commune, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province z gm @ -Collectall documents and data related to the research topic scientifically and objectively from the data collected om l.c - Draw advantages and limitations in the application of biogas technology an Lu n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 34 qualifying wastewater treatment systems, the drainage is exposed trench Thirdly, the proportion of household, which have discharge location close to water source, is still relatively high Waste water will leach through the soil causing ground water pollution, drinking water threats to human health The main cause of these problems are lack of funds and land to build biological pond or sedimentation tanks Tan Kim is rural area soeconomic condition of farmers here are not good enough to build completely biogas system with adequate wastewater treatment systems 4.2.2 Input materials for biogas Animal manure used as raw material for biogas, 100% raw material for a lu biogas are pidmanure and water for barn clearning Besides, through survey n n va nutrition of animal is the same Thus the index of incoming wastewater biogas is tn to nearly equal 4.2.3 Sources of biogas information p ie gh Households 20 oa nl w 25 15 d 10 a lu f an nv media neighbor oi lm ul commune people's committee Sources of information nh Figure 4.3 Sources of biogas information at z Chart 4.3 shows the sources of information that people know to biogas in z gm @ Tan Kim, Phu Binh district, Thai Nguyen province Information sources include media (television,radio, newspapers) friends, neighbors and social training om l.c (commune people’s committee) There are9 household known about biogas through television, radio, newspapers accounted for the least number Next, the sources of an Lu information from friends,neighbors have 12 households accounted for 29% of the n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 35 total The number of households known biogas from social training is remarkable, with 20 households Tan Kim commune people’s committee play an important role in biogas development Some farmer know about biogas early though tivi but mainly prople installed biogas after social training Inadition, Biogas program supported capital and technical for farmer to install biogas, provide document relate to biogas The economic consitions of people here are poor, people are farmer and they mainly live on agriculture Therefore capital and technical support is very inportance In addition, biogas can be usedfor lighting Uncle Duong Van Sinh, a a lu household that uses biogas said: "biogas bring many profits for him First, he not n n va need to buy fertilizer Second, biogas providefuel forcooking Third lighting to tn to warm chick" 4.2.4 Reasonsto installbiogas p ie gh Table4.5: Reasonsto peopleinstallbiogas Quantity (household) Reasons Proportion (%) 26 63 Providingfuel 39 95 Supportedcapital, technical 11 27 d oa nl w Environmental protection a lu f an nv Table 4.5 show that almost household installed biogas tanks for providing fuel purpose, accounting for 95% quite large proportion Besides, sub-reasoning that ul technical oi lm people installing biogas is protecting the environment and supported capital and nh at Fuel sources, which people in Tan Kim use, are wood and straw due to z z agricultural commune After knowing about biogas, 100% change to use biogas as @ fuel Some household still use wood and straw because the biogas is new, low and gm om l.c unstable gas Althought, 95% interviewed people install biogas to provide fuel, 63% people use biogas to protect environment as a sub-reason It mean that people in Tan Kim have high awereness of environmental protection In other hand, the an Lu supportion in capital and technique contribute importanct role especially in n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 36 agricultural commune like Tan Kim Logging is reduced since biogas built because people have new fuel for cooking 4.2.5 The utilization of biogas products The purpose of using livestock manure before installation of biogas are fertilized, only 3/41 for fish farming accounted for only 7% After the installation of biogas, people use manure and washingwater as inputs for biogas 100% of the interviewed households use biogas degestate to compost There are somehouseholds installedpumps to pump biogas wastewater from ponds or sedimentation tank to field that replace inorganic fertilizer a lu A biogas tanks is not only a supplier of energy The digested n n va substrate, usually named digestate, is a valuable soil fertiliser, rich in tn to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and micronutrients, which can be applied on soils with the usual equipment for application of liquid manure Compared to p ie gh raw animal manure, digestate has improved fertiliser efficiency due to higher homogeneity and nutrient availability, better C/N ratio and significantly oa nl w reduced odours 4.2.6 Laboratory results d a lu Livestock wastewater is one of the wastewaters have high concentrations of f an nv pollutants, especially BOD, COD, nitrogen, phosphorus and pathogens To assess the extent of harm caused by outlet wastewater from biogas and reduce ul been collected and analyzed oi lm environmental pollution, a sample of outlet wastewater from biogas in TanKim has at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 37 Table4.6: Analysis Results ofphysical and chemical indicatorsof biogas wastewater samples Indicator s Results Unit QCVN NT1 NT2 NT3 NT4 NT5 40:2011/BTN MTB a lu pH - 7.8 7.7 7.9 7.8 8.0 5.5-9 COD mg/l 940 1065 905 1204 845 120 BOD5 mg/l 648,6 702,9 660,7 744 583,1 50 T-P mg/l 17,65 15,87 21,16 23,15 17,82 T-N mg/l 78,35 73,59 84,3 68,6 77,92 40 TSS mg/l 152 194 126 162 119 100 n n va tn to Table 4.6 show the laboratory analysis results of biogas outlet wastewater p ie gh in Tan Kim QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT colum B is the values for comparison, which oa nl w is the permited values of industrial wastewater when discharge into water source not used for drinking The above result will be compaired with national standard and avarage input d nv a lu wastewater of biogas which is result of Hong’s study Table 4.7: Average Value of some indicators of biogas input wastewater f an Average value pH - 6,7 5.5-9 COD mg/l 3022 120 BOD5 mg/l 1297 50 T-P mg/l 342 T-N mg/l 844 TSS mg/l 2224 oi lm Unit z ul QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT Indicators B at nh z @ gm om l.c 40 100 an Lu ( Hong, N 2012, EffectivenessAssessment ofLivestockWasteWater TreatmentBybiogasin households Scale inThuaThien Hue) n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 38 Analysized data showed that the concentration of organic matter in the wastewater are quite hight BOD exceed times compare to TCN 678-2006 and exceeded 25 times compare to the QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT COD exceeding times compare to TCN 678-2006 and 26 times compare to the QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT This resultis equivalent to the research of Vu Dinh Ton(2008) - pH: pH values of sample are located in range from 7.7 to 8.0 that is still permited According to QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, pH have to range from 5.5 to - COD: a lu n va mg/l n p ie gh tn to 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 NT1 NT2 NT3 NT4 Average input meterial oa nl w Outlet wastewater NT5 QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT colum B d Figure4.4: Comparison of COD indicators of biogas a lu Figure 4.4 demonstrates the anlysis result of COD indicators of biogas COD of nv f an outlet wastewater decreased significantly Handling efficiency of biogas is over oi lm ul 70% Average COD of input wastewater is 20 times higher than standard After hadling, highest COD value is times higher than QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT colum at nh B The lowest value is times higher than standard However, the COD value of NT4 sample is unusual high, it reach 1200mg/l z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va ac th 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 39 - BOD5: mg/l 1500 1000 500 NT1 NT2 NT3 NT4 NT5 Ooutlet wastewater Average input water QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT colum B a lu Figure 4.5: Comparison of BOD indicators of biogas n From figure 4.5, it is easy to be seen that BOD indicators of outlet wastewater n va remain haft of input water Average input water 26 times higher than standard tn to inQCVN 40:2011/BTNMT colum B The BOD values only 11-14 times higher than p ie gh standard after handling Sample NT4 has highest BOD value - Total phosphorus (T-P): 400 oa nl w 200 d mg/l 300 a lu 100 f an nv NT1 NT2 NT3 NT4 NT5 oi lm ul Outlet wastewater Average input wastewater nh QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT colum B at z Figure 4.6: Comparison of T-P indicators of biogas z gm @ Figure 4.6 illustrates efficiency of biogas in livestock watste treatment in term of handling T-P Concentration of phosphorus in livestock watste is very high, average om l.c value is up to 350 mg/l, while Ministry of Natural Resource and Environment only permites 6mg/l phosphorus in wastewater not used for drink purpose The T-P an Lu values of outlet wastewater are 17-23 mg/l, that is 3-4 times higher than standard n va ac th 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 40 - Total nitrogen (T-N): 900 800 700 600 mg/l 500 400 300 200 100 a lu NT1 NT2 NT3 NT4 Outlet wastewater Average input wastewater NT5 QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT colum B n va Figure 4.7: Comparison of T-N indicators of biogas n From the chart, the T-N value of average input wastewater is very high, it is 20 tn to times higher than sandard After go through biogas tanks, the T-N values are p ie gh significantly drop It only 1.5 – times higher than standard By analyzing some environmental indicators shows that biogas is a efficiency oa nl w measure in handling animal waste Untreated wastewater has very high indicator values, it exceeds the limit standard many times After being processed through d a lu biogas, the pollution levels decreased significantly Most of the oulet wastewater f an nv sample values are close to Vietnam regulations than inpput wastewater But still need to add the second process which continue handle outlet wastewater of biogas oi lm ul to ensure environmental safety Although the analysis results are good but COD and BOD value of NT4 sample nh at is unusually high, it is high compared to the other samples and other researchs z Through investigation, that samples was taken from Mr Vu Van Hoi family He z gm @ built biogas tanks since 2007, biogas tank volume is 8m3 while Mr Hoi fedding 4050 pigs There are two reasons for this situation Firstly, due tovolume of biogas om l.c tanks is too small while livestock waste is so much, biogas tanks can not handle significantly all waste Second,the tank was built so long ago and too much digeste an Lu inside biogas tanks Therefore scale of biogas system accordance with the farming n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 41 scaleis essential, to avoid overload which reduce the effectiveness of biogas Financial support from Commune people’s committee is necessaryand consultation about appropriate biogas volume with farming scale are also importanct for sustainable development In general, biogas has effectiveness in livestock treatment, all pollution indicators are reduced significantly a lu n n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w f an nv a lu oi lm ul at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va ac th 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 42 CHAPTER V DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 5.1 Discussion Tan Kim commune have good condition to develop biogas Natural condition of Tan Kim commune is good for agriculture and livestock is developed That is input metrial for biogas tanks In other hand, biogas is necessry to handle huge amount of livestock waste Biogas tanks in Tan Kim are working well There are no big problem in use, but some signal of low effectiveness were found That is overload and under a lu standard secondary treatment In term of environment indicators, lowest efficiency n n va is 50%, highest effeiciency is 70% It is good result, however it lower than other tn to research result about biogas, for instance, according to Hong, N (2012)efficiency of biogas can reached 80% Biogas bring many benefits for people interm of ecomic, p ie gh environment and social However, ther are some drawbacks in use of biogas technology People oa nl w not use biogas tanks effectively They only use biogas tnaks to handle pig manure and others waste of pig farming The other manure such as cows manure or chicken d a lu manure is used directly for agriculture Secondary treatment to handle biogas f an nv wastewater is understandard 5.2 Conclusion ul ofbiogasnot onlysolvethe energy oi lm Thedevelopment problem, but also minimizeenvironmental pollution, protectand improvepublic health, enhance nh at productivityof crop and livestock Biogastechnologyplayan importantrolein z thesustainable developmentof agriculture Due to the importance of biogas z gm @ goverment and people, who using biogas, need to work together to solve the disadvantages of biogas ultilization in Tan Kim commune particularly and in om l.c Vietnam generally Others research about biogas using in Tan Kim are required to improve accuracy objectively of information about biogas ultilization This will an Lu contribute to biogas development and sustainable agriculture n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 43 To improve effectiveness of biogas used, the following proposal are suggested: Management suggestion: - Enhance the management, successful implementation ofpropaganda activities, training to raise awareness of people about environmental pollution, protect the environment in daily life and business activities - Strengthening the management for waste management, waste water in agricultural production especially in the livestock sector - Encourage people concentrate livestock and use biogas to handle waste - Free support for documentation, training, consulting about biogas a lu technique and technical staff, builders n n va - Organize courses to guilde farmers using biogas and handling the incident The biogas tanks in Tan Kim commune are working very well, all comments p ie gh tn to Technical suggestion: are good Due to early appearance of biogas and high awareness of farmer people oa nl w more have experience in using biogas and solve problems People should promote that Inaddition, household using biogas need to build other constructions to d a lu handle outlet wastewater of biogas, the following constructions is suggested: f an nv - Biological pond: In fact, TanKim commune alsohas a lot of biological ponds used totreat waste after biogas, however many ponds are under standard ul oi lm - Sedimentation tanks: Tanks should have appropriate volume with scale of biogas tanksas well as the scale of livestock This tank contains biogas outlet nh at wastewater, this prevents wastewater pollute the environment In other hand, it is z also a source of fertilizer for plants, wastewater and digestate after biogas is a very z gm @ good source of organic fertilizer for agriculture - Constructed wetland:In the world, constructe wetland is used as an om l.c effective solution for distributed wastewater, domestic, livestock, offices and hospitals wastewater.Constructe wetland friendly to environment, high efficiency, an Lu n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 44 low costandstability It also increasing the valueof biodiversity, landscape and environment - Planting vetiver grass a lu n n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w f an nv a lu oi lm ul at nh z z om l.c gm @ an Lu n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 45 References I/ Vietnam's References Hang, D (2013) Vetiver – Solution to handle livestock waste Vietnam Vetiver Network 24/04/2013 Hong, N and Lieu, P (2012) Effectiveness Assessment of Handling Pig Farming Wastewater by biogas in household scale in Thua Thien Hue Science Journal, University of Hue, vol 73, No Ly, N (2005).Some isues related to livestock waste treatment.Agricultural science Journal No a lu Ministry of AgricultureandRural Development,Department ofAgriculture (2005) n n va Traning Meterial in Improving biogas technicans (2011).Household Scale Biogas Technology p ie gh tn to Ministry of AgricultureandRural Development,Department of livestock Ministry of environment and resources (2011) Circular onnationaltechnical regulationson the environmentThong tu quy dinh quy chuan ky thuat quoc oa nl w gia ve moi truong Ngan, N (2013).Biogas types in Cuu Long river delta d a lu Swedish Centech Vietnam, 2012, Summary: Market Brief on Biogas in Vietnam f an nv Tin, L (2010).Some solution in environmental treatment in PID-COW farming Published by Tien Giang Deparment of cience and Technology oi lm ul II/ Foreign's References Florian, G at all.(2014) Sustainable biogas production Published by FiBL Projekte at nh GmbH, Germany z Naga.(2000) The ICLARM Quaterly Vol.25, no.1 z Denmark Esbjerg gm @ Teodorita,S at all.(2008).Biogas handbook.Published by University of Southern wetland om l.c United States Environmental Protection Agency.(2004).Constructed treatment an Lu n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 46 Appendix QUESTIONNAIR ABOUT HOUSEHOLD BIOGAS TANKS IN LIVESTOCK WASTE TREATMENT Date of servey: Questionnair is performedby Tung Van Pham He/she tick into which appropriate to your opinion or answer into space a lu Part I: General information n va n Name : Age: p ie gh tn to Job: Gender: Education level: oa nl w Ethnic: d Address: a lu Classify household by jobs: nv Mixed Service f an Farming ul Rich Normal oi lm Classify household by economy: Poor at nh Part II: Content of servey z z gm Amount of livestock waste per day: @ Quantitive of cattle and poultry: Fertilize Throw away an Lu Others Feed fish om l.c How you handle livestock waste, before use biogas tanks? n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 47 What fuel source you use before using biogas? Gas Log,straw Biogas Others What fuel source you use after using biogas? Gas Log, staw Biogas Others Which souce of biogas information you know? a lu Public media such as TV, Radio, newspaper n n va Friends, neighbors p ie gh tn to Social training Why did you install iogas? oa nl w To protect environment To provide fuel d Others reason f an nv a lu Supported capital and technique ul oi lm Construction time of biogas tank: Biogas tanks type: nh Composite type Bag typeCapacity of at 10 Brick type z biogas tanks: z No 12 Biogas tanks situation: Land surface an Lu Underground om l.c gm Yes @ 11 Do you set up air filter? n va ac th 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 si 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99
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