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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT REPORT FACTORS INFLUENCING GENERATION Z'S E-CIGARETTE CONSUMPTION BEHAVIOR CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TERM 222 - CC01 - GROUP 02 Instructor: Pham Ngoc Tram Anh No NAME ID Nguyễn Ngọc Ánh Hoa 1952692 Dương Thanh Ngân 1952350 Nguyễn Minh Nghiêm 2053262 Văn Thị Hà Trân 2053519 h Ho Chi Minh City, 2023 h TABLE OF CONTENT TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION .5 A Background and importance of the issue: the rise of e-cigarette use among Gen-Z B Purpose of the report: to examine the psychological and social factors influencing e-cigarette consumption behavior among Gen-Z C Research questions and hypotheses .5 Literature Review A Definition and history of e-cigarettes and their use among Generation Z 1.1 Definition of e-cigarettes .7 1.2 History of e-cigarettes 1.3 Use of e-cigarettes among Generation Z .8 B Overview of psychological factors that influence e-cigarette consumption behavior, including attitudes, beliefs, and emotions 1.4 Attitudes and Beliefs towards e-cigarettes C Overview of social factors that influence e-cigarette consumption behavior, including peer influence, advertising, and social norms 10 D Models and theories related to understanding and changing behavior related to substance use 11 1.5 Theory of Reasoned Action .11 1.6 The Theory of Planned Behavior 12 Social Factors Influencing E-cigarette Consumption Behavior 17 A The role of advertising and media in shaping e-cigarette consumption behavior 17 B Cultural and societal factors influencing e-cigarette use among Generation Z 17 Methodology for Survey 18 3.1 Description of the research design and methodology .18 3.2 Overview of the data analysis techniques 19 3.2 Discuss the advantages and limitations of the study 20 Result‘s Survey 21 4.1 Primary data 21 4.1.1 E-cigarette consumption in Gen Z 21 4.1.2 Factors influencing Generation Z's e-cigarette consumption behavior 23 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 4.2 Secondary data 24 4.2.1 E-cigarette consumption in Gen Z 24 4.2.2 Factors influencing Generation Z's e-cigarette consumption behavior 25 Strategies for Changing E-cigarette Consumption Behavior among Generation Z 26 A Educational campaigns and interventions to promote healthy behaviors and reduce e-cigarette use 26 B Policy and regulatory approaches to limit access to e-cigarettes and promote healthy behaviors 26 C Alternative and healthier activities and coping mechanisms for Generation Z 27 CONCLUSION 29 REFERENCES 30 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure The factors of TRA affect the e-cigarette use behavior of Gen Z 11 Figure 2.The factors of TPB affect the e-cigarette use behavior of Gen Z 13 Figure Does Gen z know about e-cigarettes? 21 Figure Has gen z ever bought an e-cigarette? 22 Figure Frequency of using e-cigarettes of Gen z's customers 22 Figure Level of understanding of Gen z’s customers about e-cigarettes 23 Figure Factors influencing Generation Z's e-cigarette consumption behavior 23 Figure External factors that influencing Generation Z's e-cigarette consumption behavior 24 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 INTRODUCTION A Background and importance of the issue: the rise of e-cigarette use among Gen-Z Cigarettes have long been recognized for their addiction and destructive effects, but technology has recently been engaged in the development of an alternative to tobacco use known as ecigarettes The e-cigarette business asserted that its products are an alternative to smoking and had 'less' health consequences than traditional tobacco (Matthew Perrone,2019) E-cigarettes are now legal in many countries and are regulated the same as regular tobacco products However, according to University of Colorado Denver data, the number of persons smoking e-cigarettes nearly quadrupled between 2017 and 2018 E-cigarette products are still prohibited in Vietnam for commercial or personal use According to a recent poll on tobacco usage in 34 provinces and cities, the rate of e-cigarette smoking in 2020 grew 18 times over 2015 (from 0.2% to 3.6%), with males increasing 14 times (from 0.4% to 5.6%) and females increasing 10 times It suggested that Vietnamese individuals, particularly the Generation-Z demographic, are likely to be interested in e-cigarettes B Purpose of the report: to examine the psychological and social factors influencing ecigarette consumption behavior among Gen-Z The purpose of this study was to look at Generation-Z's use of e-cigarette s This includes questions such as how they were acquainted with e-cigarette s, what circumstances motivated them to begin vaping, and if they were adequately informed about nicotine and its health repercussions before beginning to use vaping s Furthermore, this research may be valuable for parents, caregivers, or students who want to know more about this issue In addition, finding the relationship between the Generation-Z behavioral factors and influences of e-cigarettes and to study the perspective of the Vietnams society towards e-cigarettes The expected result of this study was to prove that people’s values and perceptions towards ecigarettes are factors that Vietnams Generation-Z got exposed to e-cigarettes C Research questions and hypotheses • How does Viet Gen Z get exposed to e-cigarettes? • What are the factors that influenced Gen Z to start vaping? h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 The growing trend of e-cigarettes among Generation Z is a difficult subject, and it is critical to comprehend the numerous elements that impact their behavior The purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive and cohesive examination of the elements influencing Generation Z's ecigarette usage behavior, such as peer influence, advertising, societal norms, and product design This paper examines these characteristics in order to throw light on this significant public health issue and make recommendations for successful intervention measures h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Literature Review A Definition and history of e-cigarettes and their use among Generation Z 1.1 Definition of e-cigarettes E-cigarettes, also known as electronic cigarettes or vapes, are battery-powered s that heat a liquid (often called e-juice or e-liquid) into an aerosol that is inhaled by the user The liquid typically contains nicotine, flavorings, and other chemicals Compared to traditional cigarettes, ecigarettes not burn tobacco and not produce smoke Instead, they produce an aerosol that is often referred to as "vapor." E-cigarettes are marketed as a smoking cessation aid or as a less harmful alternative to smoking There are several types of e-cigarettes, including cigarlike, vape pens, and mods Cigarlike are designed to look like traditional cigarettes and are the most basic type of e-cigarette Vape pens are larger and more powerful than cigarlike, and often have refillable tanks for e-liquid Mods are the largest and most powerful type of e-cigarette, and can be customized with different tanks, coils, and batteries 1.2 History of e-cigarettes E-cigarettes have become a popular alternative to traditional tobacco cigarettes over the past decade The concept of electronic cigarettes dates back to the 1960s, but it wasn't until the early 2000s that the first commercial e-cigarette was introduced to the market The early e-cigarettes were relatively primitive and lacked the sophistication and features of contemporary e-cigarettes Early e-cigarettes relied on ultrasonic technology to vaporize the nicotine solution, but modern ecigarettes have heating elements that are powered by batteries Since their introduction, e-cigarettes have undergone numerous modifications and improvements E-cigarettes have evolved from simple, single-use s to complex, customizable s that allow users to adjust the voltage and temperature of the E-cigarettes have also become increasingly popular among Generation Z, which is the demographic cohort born between 1997 and 2012 E-cigarettes are often marketed to this age group through social media and other digital channels The convenience and discreetness of e-cigarettes have made them a popular choice among young adults In recent years, concerns have been raised about the health risks associated with e-cigarettes, especially among young people Despite these concerns, e-cigarette use among Generation Z continues to grow h 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 1.3 Use of e-cigarettes among Generation Z Generation Z refers to individuals born between 1997 and 2012, making up a significant portion of the current consumer market E-cigarette use has been particularly prevalent among this demographic The prevalence and patterns of e-cigarette use among Generation Z have been of concern in recent years Studies have found that e-cigarette use is more common among high school and college students, with a higher prevalence among males than females Additionally, e-cigarette use has been found to be more common among those who have previously used other tobacco products Perceptions and attitudes of Generation Z towards e-cigarettes have also been a topic of interest Some studies have found that many young people view e-cigarettes as a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes, and believe that e-cigarettes can help them quit smoking However, other studies have found that some young people view e-cigarettes as a trendy accessory, rather than a smoking cessation aid There are several reasons why Generation Z may choose to use ecigarettes Some may use them to experiment with smoking, while others may use them as a way to fit in with their peer group Additionally, some young people may use e-cigarettes to reduce stress or anxiety, or as a form of self-expression B Overview of psychological factors that influence e-cigarette consumption behavior, including attitudes, beliefs, and emotions 1.4 Attitudes and Beliefs towards e-cigarettes Positive attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes Positive attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes can significantly influence e-cigarette consumption behavior among Generation Z One of the most common positive attitudes is the belief that e-cigarettes are less harmful than traditional cigarettes Many e-cigarette users believe that the absence of tobacco in e-cigarettes makes them a healthier alternative Moreover, some ecigarette users believe that e-cigarettes are effective for smoking cessation They think that using e-cigarettes can help them quit smoking or reduce the number of traditional cigarettes they smoke Another positive attitude towards e-cigarettes is that they are more socially acceptable than traditional cigarettes E-cigarettes not produce smoke, which is one of the main reasons why h 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 traditional cigarettes are often seen as socially undesirable Many e-cigarette users report that they feel more comfortable using e-cigarettes in public places than smoking traditional cigarettes Additionally, some e-cigarette users enjoy the variety of flavors that e-cigarettes offer, which is not typically found in traditional cigarettes Negative attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes Negative attitudes and beliefs towards e-cigarettes among Generation Z can be attributed to various factors One of the major concerns is the potential health risks associated with e-cigarette use According to a study published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, the aerosol produced by e-cigarettes contains harmful chemicals such as nicotine, formaldehyde, and acrolein, which can cause respiratory problems and increase the risk of cardiovascular disease Furthermore, negative attitudes towards e-cigarettes may also stem from concerns about addiction Many e-cigarettes contain high levels of nicotine, which can be highly addictive Additionally, some studies suggest that e-cigarettes may serve as a gateway to traditional cigarette use, especially among young people Another factor contributing to negative attitudes towards e-cigarettes is the perceived social stigma associated with their use E-cigarettes are often associated with “vaping culture,” which may be viewed as uncool or undesirable by some Generation Z consumers Additionally, ecigarette use may be seen as a sign of weakness or a lack of self-control, which can lead to negative perceptions Perceived health benefits and Risks of E-cigarettes Perceived health benefits and risks associated with e-cigarettes have been the subject of much debate in the scientific community Proponents of e-cigarettes argue that they are a safer alternative to traditional cigarettes and can help smokers quit However, there is limited scientific evidence to support these claims, and some studies suggest that e-cigarettes may still pose health risks According to a systematic review of studies on e-cigarettes and health, e-cigarettes are associated with lower levels of harmful chemicals compared to traditional cigarettes However, the review also noted that the levels of harmful chemicals in e-cigarettes vary widely and are not yet fully understood Additionally, some studies have suggested that the vapor from e-cigarettes may 10 h 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likelihood of e-cigarette use among young adults by 50% One of the ways that advertising influences e-cigarette consumption is by promoting positive attitudes towards these products E-cigarette ads often emphasize the benefits of using these products, such as their perceived reduced harm compared to traditional cigarettes and the ability to use them in places where smoking is prohibited These ads also often use celebrities, social media influencers, and other popular figures to promote e-cigarettes, which can contribute to their normalization and increase their appeal In addition to advertising, media coverage of ecigarettes has also been shown to influence consumption behavior Positive media coverage of ecigarettes, including articles and news segments that highlight their perceived benefits or downplay potential risks, can contribute to the normalization and increased use of these products A study published in the Journal of Health Communication found that positive media coverage of e-cigarettes was associated with increased use and positive attitudes towards these products among youth and young adults However, there have been some efforts to regulate e-cigarette advertising and media coverage, particularly with regards to youth The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has implemented regulations on e-cigarette advertising, including a ban on the use of cartoon characters, and has increased efforts to monitor and enforce these regulations Additionally, some media outlets have taken steps to limit the promotion of e-cigarettes, such as refusing to run ads for these products B Cultural and societal factors influencing e-cigarette use among Generation Z Cultural and societal factors play a significant role in influencing e-cigarette use among Generation Z One factor is the normalization of smoking and the portrayal of smoking in popular culture, such as in movies and television shows A study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health found that exposure to onscreen smoking is associated with an increased 18 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 likelihood of e-cigarette use among adolescents Peer influence is another cultural factor that can affect e-cigarette use among Generation Z Adolescents are particularly susceptible to peer influence, and studies have shown that e-cigarette use is often initiated in social settings with peers A study published in the journal Tobacco Control found that adolescents who perceive ecigarette use as popular among their peers are more likely to use e-cigarettes themselves Marketing strategies used by e-cigarette companies also play a role in shaping cultural norms and attitudes towards e-cigarettes For example, e-cigarette companies have targeted youth by using flavors that are appealing to younger audiences and advertising on social media platforms popular among Generation Z A study published in the journal Pediatrics found that exposure to e-cigarette advertising is associated with increased odds of e-cigarette use among youth Finally, societal attitudes towards smoking and tobacco use can also influence e-cigarette use among Generation Z A shift towards a smoke-free society has led some individuals to view ecigarettes as a healthier alternative to traditional cigarettes However, it is important to note that the long-term health effects of e-cigarette use are still not fully understood, and some experts have expressed concern about the potential harms of e-cigarette use Methodology for Survey 3.1 Description of the research design and methodology This section will outline the primary research design and data collection strategy used in the investigation into Generation Z's e-cigarette use patterns In the research process, the following points will be covered (i) Preliminary quantitative and qualitative research (ii) Measurement scales build-up and adjustment (iii) Sample design (iv) Official quantitative research The research's findings are presented in a logical and simple-to-understand manner in accordance with the order in which the research was conducted 19 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 • Research method: Indirect investigation was used to collect data We develop the necessary theories and the research model from the research aim, and we evaluate the model by examining the data we have gathered • Data collection method: Using online survey (Online survey) and qualitative (by questionnaire) on a large scale to collect opinions of research subjects • Sample of research participants: The sample group is individuals of Generation Z in Ho Chi Minh City • Data collection process: Develop and implement an online questionnaire, then conduct data collection over a 1-month period • Data analysis method: Using multivariate analysis method to analyze the collected data • Limitations of the study: The limitations of the study include the limitation of the sample of participants, the reliability of the data collected, and the applicability of the results to other countries or regions 3.2 Overview of the data analysis techniques (i) Preliminary quantitative and qualitative research techniques This method primarily responds to "why," "what," and "how" queries Quantitative methods, including surveys, attitude scales, standard outcomes, and more, are used to answer each of these issues These analyses frequently take the shape of writings and stories that describe the issue that has to be researched (ii) Statistical analysis techniques based on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Data collection, interpretation, and validation are all topics covered by statistics The process of conducting some statistical modification in order to quantify data and apply statistical analysis is known as statistical analysis Descriptive data, including survey and observational data, are covered by quantitative data It also goes by the name of descriptive analysis Based on data statistics, we may observe information about e-cigarette product consumers, such as: the number of users or non-users; user usage frequency; cost; and what the user needs to purchase the product (iii) Techniques based on Visualization and Graphs: 20 h 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they smoke, and because an online survey can be conducted quickly, it was chosen for this qualitative measurement answers to all the questions we ask are simple for participants • To be easy, sharing widely is easy: It implies that more individuals will join By conducting surveys with the participants, we will obtain first-hand interactions and responses that will improve the final result The participants are also made aware that we will keep their name, age, and other personal information fully secret and will not share it with anybody • The limitations: The biggest drawback of this research issue is the requirement that the only reliable data originate from e-cigarette users Instead of needing to diversify the sample for comparison, the goal of using e-cigarettes is exclusively for the younger generations • Time restrictions: Long-term survey based on criteria for tobacco users, which demonstrates a change in user behavior and was intended to identify trends The survey's limitations are also exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic The choice of data gathering methodology may be influenced by the Covid-19 virus epidemic In-depth research using qualitative approaches has a great propensity to alter the decision on the appropriate response for the moment The participant response rate is still poor, which might result in biased study findings and unverified survey data 21 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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In Figure 3, according to data from our customer survey, out of 64 surveyed customers, 47 are between the ages of 16-26 (Gen Z) Out of 47 Gen Z customers, 44 are aware of e-cigarettes (93,62%) [1] 22 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Figure Has gen z ever bought an e-cigarette? Statistics from survey data show that out of 47 Gen Z customers, have ever bought e-cigarettes (Figure 4) Figure Frequency of using e-cigarettes of Gen z's customers Out of 64 customers who agreed to interview, 12 customers admitted to have been using ecigarettes Frequency of use of customers is divided into main categories: regular, occasional, once in a while as shown in Figure Out of 12 customers, there are customers who regularly use e-cigarettes, customers who occasional use e-cigarettes and customer used it once in a while So the tendency of customers to use tobacco is regular Among the customers who regularly use e-cigarettes, there are Gen Z customers (75%) [2] 23 h 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regularly use e-cigarettes and nearly 90% of Gen Z customers are knowledgeable about e-cigarettes So now, the use of e-cigarettes among Gen Z customers is common even though most customers are aware of the risks it will bring 4.1.2 Factors influencing Generation Z's e-cigarette consumption behavior Figure Factors influencing Generation Z's e-cigarette consumption behavior 24 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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related Figure External factors that influencing Generation Z's e-cigarette consumption behavior In Figure 8, among the external factors, 19 customers believe that the factor affecting the use of e-cigarettes of Gen Z customers is due to the influence of friends or colleagues (40,4%) 4.2 Secondary data 4.2.1 E-cigarette consumption in Gen Z In Vietnam The increasing situation of e-cigarette smoking among Vietnamese teenagers is a hot issue raised at the seminar "Provide information on e-cigarettes and heated cigarettes" held by the Ministry of Information and Communications in Ho Chi Minh City on July 23 In a study on the global school health survey conducted in Vietnam in 2019 by the University of Public Health, the rate of e-cigarette uses among students aged 13-17 was 6% (male 3.6% and female 1.5%) In which, students aged 15-17 have a relatively high rate of e-cigarette smoking at 3.1% This rate for male students aged 15-17 is 4.8% and female students is 1.4% In the Global Youth Tobacco Survey in Vietnam in 2022, the subjects of the survey were 13 - 15 years old students, showing that the rate of using e-cigarettes was 7.8%, of which 3.5% were currently using e-cigarettes use This rate of using e-cigarette smoking in 2022 increased compared to 2014 (2.7%) 25 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 In August 2022, a survey by another online newspaper showed that 70% of 2,000 people aged 18 and over who were smoking cigarettes said there was a need to switch to alternative products United State E-cigarette use was 27.5% among high school students and 10.5% among middle school students In 2019, the prevalence of self-reported current e-cigarette use was high among US high school and middle school students In 2020, 19.6% of high school students and 4.7% of middle school students reported current e-cigarette use in US So, the use of e-cigarettes in Gen Z is popular in recent years and tends to increase 4.2.2 Factors influencing Generation Z's e-cigarette consumption behavior A unique aspect of the e-cigarette use experience is the option of adding flavors and having the ability to exhale “big clouds” of vapor/aerosol Most perceived e-cigarettes as a better and safer alternative to conventional cigarettes The survey data showed that the top reasons for experimentation were curiosity (54.4%), appealing flavors (43.8%), and peer influences (31.6%), and the top reasons for discontinuation were responses related to losing interest (23.6%), perceiving e-cigarettes as “uncool” (16.3%), and health concerns (12.1%) Results indicated 12 categories of reasons for liking e-cigarettes: Smoking cessation and reduction, Health improvement, Sensory satisfaction, Self-regulation, Convenience of indoor “smoking”, Cleaner alternative to cigarette smoking, Discreet “smoking”, Professional benefits, Recreation, Social enhancement, Control over intake, Cost effectiveness The factors influencing the use of e-cigarettes in Gen Z are very diverse If in Figure 6, the interviewees in Vietnam believe that they smoke e-cigarettes because of the influence of friends and colleagues In other countries around the world, Gen Z smokes e-cigarettes because it is less harmful to their health, healthier than regular cigarettes So, if you want to solve the current problem of e-cigarettes in Gen Z, you need to first determine where your market is to come up with the best solution (Cultural Across) 26 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Strategies for Changing E-cigarette Consumption Behavior among Generation Z A Educational campaigns and interventions to promote healthy behaviors and reduce e-cigarette use In Vietnam, educational campaigns and interventions can play a crucial role in promoting healthy behaviors and reducing e-cigarette use among Generation Z To achieve this, the government can launch public health campaigns that raise awareness of the harmful effects of ecigarette use and promote healthy lifestyles These campaigns can include advertisements on social media, posters in schools, and public service announcements on television and radio Additionally, schools and universities can implement educational programs that provide students with accurate information about the risks of e-cigarette use, as well as strategies for resisting peer pressure These programs can also educate students on healthy alternatives to e-cigarette use, such as exercise, healthy eating habits, and stress management techniques To increase the effectiveness of educational campaigns and interventions, it is essential to involve community leaders, parents, and healthcare professionals Community leaders can help spread the message and mobilize resources to support educational campaigns, while parents can reinforce healthy behaviors at home Healthcare professionals can also play a critical role in educating patients about the risks of e-cigarette use and promoting healthy lifestyles Research has shown that educational campaigns and interventions can be effective in reducing ecigarette use among young people For example, a study in the United States found that a schoolbased educational program that included interactive activities and peer-led discussions significantly reduced e-cigarette use among students Similar interventions can be adapted and implemented in Vietnam to promote healthy behaviors and reduce e-cigarette use among Generation Z B Policy and regulatory approaches to limit access to e-cigarettes and promote healthy behaviors In Vietnam, the government has taken steps to regulate the use of e-cigarettes In 2019, the Ministry of Health issued a directive prohibiting the import, sale, and use of e-cigarettes and related s This directive has since been reinforced through various decrees and circulars, such as 27 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 Decree No 37/2020/ND-CP and Circular No 09/2020/TT-BYT, which provide guidelines for the implementation of the ban However, despite these regulations, e-cigarettes are still widely available in the Vietnamese market, especially among online retailers and through informal channels As such, there is a need to strengthen the enforcement of these policies and increase public awareness of the dangers of e-cigarette use To promote healthy behaviors and reduce e-cigarette use among Generation Z in Vietnam, it is necessary to implement educational campaigns that highlight the risks associated with e-cigarette use and emphasize the importance of complying with existing policies and regulations These campaigns can be conducted through various channels, such as social media, television, and public events Additionally, the government can work with healthcare providers and educators to integrate anti-e-cigarette messages into school curricula and provide counseling services to students who may be struggling with addiction This can be particularly effective as young people are often more receptive to messages delivered by trusted authority figures, such as teachers and healthcare providers Finally, the government can also consider increasing taxes on e-cigarettes to discourage use and raise revenue for public health initiatives This approach has been successful in other countries, such as the United States and Canada, where higher taxes on e-cigarettes have been associated with decreased usage rates Overall, a comprehensive approach that combines regulatory measures, educational campaigns, and taxation policies can be effective in reducing e-cigarette use among Generation Z in Vietnam C Alternative and healthier activities and coping mechanisms for Generation Z In addition to educational campaigns and policy/regulatory approaches, promoting alternative and healthier activities and coping mechanisms can also be an effective strategy to change ecigarette consumption behavior among Generation Z in Vietnam One potential approach could be to increase the availability and accessibility of physical activities and sports programs for youth Encouraging physical activity has been shown to not only improve physical health but also mental well-being and self-esteem, which can be important factors in reducing reliance on e-cigarettes as a coping mechanism Additionally, promoting creative and artistic activities, such as music, art, or writing, can provide a healthy outlet for emotions and stress, potentially reducing the need for e-cigarettes as a means of coping It is also 28 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 important to address the social and cultural factors that may drive e-cigarette use among Generation Z in Vietnam Providing opportunities for youth to engage in social activities and build positive peer relationships can help reduce the perceived need for e-cigarettes as a means of fitting in or rebelling against societal norms Additionally, promoting cultural and social norms that discourage e-cigarette use can help shift attitudes and behaviors towards healthier alternatives Overall, a multi-faceted approach that combines educational campaigns, policy/regulatory approaches, and promotion of alternative activities and coping mechanisms can be a powerful strategy to reduce e-cigarette consumption behavior among Generation Z in Vietnam 29 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 CONCLUSION In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the complex interplay of individual, social, and cultural factors that influence e-cigarette consumption behavior among Generation Z The positive attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes, as well as the perceived health benefits, are strong drivers of e-cigarette use among this group On the other hand, negative attitudes and beliefs about e-cigarettes, as well as concerns about health risks, can deter e-cigarette use Social factors, including peer influence, advertising, and social norms, also play a significant role in shaping e-cigarette consumption behavior among Generation Z The influence of advertising and media is particularly strong, with e-cigarette companies using targeted marketing strategies to appeal to young people In Vietnam, educational campaigns and interventions that promote healthy behaviors and reduce e-cigarette use should be a key priority Such campaigns should be designed to target Generation Z and their families, and should focus on building awareness of the potential health risks associated with e-cigarette use Policy and regulatory approaches that limit access to e-cigarettes and promote healthy behaviors are also needed In Vietnam, this could include measures such as increased taxation on e-cigarettes, age restrictions on sales, and advertising restrictions Finally, alternative and healthier activities and coping mechanisms should be promoted among Generation Z This could include initiatives such as sports and recreational activities, as well as mental health support services Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the factors that influence e-cigarette consumption behavior among Generation Z and highlights the need for targeted interventions to address this issue Future research should continue to explore these factors and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing e-cigarette use among young people 30 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.2237.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.66 REFERENCES [1] Kalkhoran S, Glantz SA E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis Lancet Respir Med 2016;4(2):116-128 doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(15)00521-4 [2] Tan ASL, Bigman CA E-cigarette awareness and perceived harmfulness: prevalence and associations with smoking-cessation outcomes Am J Prev Med 2014;47(2):141-149 doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.02.011 [3] Berg CJ, Barr DB, Stratton E, Escoffery C, Kegler M Attitudes toward E-cigarettes, 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điện tử lậu 'nhởn nhơ' ngồi vịng pháp luật, TUOI TRE ONLINE Available at: https://tuoitre.vn/thuoc-la-dien-tu-lau-van-nhon-nho-ngoai-vongphap-luat-20221121205206772.htm (Accessed: April 24, 2023) [8] Cullen, K.A et al (2019) E-cigarette use among youth in the United States, 2019, JAMA U.S National Library of Medicine Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6865299/ (Accessed: April 24, 2023) 31 h 37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99 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37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.99
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