Ready for first 3rd edition

MACMILLAN EXAMS Ready for First coursebook with key 3rd Edition Roy Norris Updated in line with Cambridge English: First (FCE) 2015 revisions C ontents map Unit Language focus Vocabulary Writing Lifestyle Page Habitual behaviour: tend to; frequency adverbs; used to and would Be used to, get used to and used to 1 Lifestyle Get: Expressions and meanings 3 Clothes Informal letter (Part 2) High energy Page 18 Indirect ways of asking questions Gerunds and infinitives 1 Music Sport Letter of application (Part 2) Article (Part 2) A change for the better? Page 30 Comparisons Articles Technology Essay (Part 1) Ready for Use of English Page 42 Part 1: Multiple-choice cloze A good story Page 46 So and such Past tenses Films Take: Expressions and phrasal verbs Review (Part 2) Report (Part 2) Doing what you have to Page 58 Obligation, necessity and permission Noun phrases The world of work Essay (Part 1) Relative relationships Page 70 Defining relative clauses Non-defining relative clauses Causative passive with have and get Phrasal verbs Describing people Article (Part 2) Email (Part 2) Part 5: Multiple choice Part 6: Gapped text Value for money Page 88 Present perfect simple Expressing preferences Present perfect continuous Shopping Paraphrasing and recording Towns and villages Email (Part 2) Essay (Part 1) Up and away Page 100 The future and time linkers Sleep Travel Phrasal verbs Essay (Part 1) Article (Part 2) Mystery and imagination Page 112 Modal verbs for speculation and deduction Question tags Contrast linkers Ways of looking Give: Expressions and phrasal verbs Review (Part 2) Ready for Listening Page 124 Part 1: Multiple choice Part 2: Sentence completion 10 Nothing but the truth Page 128 Too and enough Passives Passive of reporting verbs Crime and punishment Paraphrasing and recording Phrasal verbs Article (Part 2) Essay (Part 1) 11 What on earth’s going on? Page 140 So, neither and nor Conditionals Weather Put: Expressions and phrasal verbs Essay (Part 1) Email (Part 2) Review (Part 2) 12 Looking after yourself Page 152 Countable and uncountable nouns A Countable and uncountable nouns B Reported speech Reporting verbs Reported questions Food and drink Health matters Report (Part 2) Ready for Speaking Page 164 Part 1: Interview Part 2: Talking about photos 13 Animal magic Page 168 Hypothetical situations Prepositions and gerunds The Arts Paraphrasing and recording Animals Verbs followed by prepositions Email (Part 2) Article (Part 2) Report (Part 2) 14 Mind your language Page 180 Compound adjectives Expressing purpose Ability Phrasal verbs with turn Make and Article (Part 2) Letter of application (Part 2) Ready for Writing Page 192 Part 1: Essay Part 2: Open cloze Ready for Reading Page 82 Part 2: Article, Email/Letter, L Additional material Wordlist Grammar reference Page 202 Page 205 Page 209 Reading Use of English Listening Speaking Multiple matching (Part 7) Transformations (Part 4) Multiple matching (Part 3) Multiple choice (Part 1) Talking about photos (Part 2) Gapped text (Part 6) Word formation: Affixes Word formation (Part 3) Sentence completion (Part 2) Multiple choice (Part 4) Multiple choice (Part 5) Word formation: Nouns Word formation (Part 3) Multiple choice (Part 4) Multiple matching (Part 3) Collaborative task (Part 3) Further discussion (Part 4) Part 3: Word formation Gapped text (Part 6) Word formation: Adjectives ending in –ing and –ed Transformations (Part 4) Word formation (Part 3) Preparing for listening: Focus on distractors Multiple choice (Part 1) Talking about photos (Part 2) Multiple matching (Part 7) Word formation: -en­ suffix Open cloze (Part 2) Word formation (Part 3) Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) Transformations (Part 4) Multiple choice (Part 4) Sentence completion (Part 2) Talking about photos (Part 2) Collaborative task (Part 3) Multiple choice (Part 5) Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) Open cloze: Relative clauses Transformations (Part 4) Multiple matching (Part 3) Multiple choice (Part 1) Collaborative task (Part 3) Interview (Part 1) Part 7: Multiple matching Gapped text (Part 6) Open cloze (Part 2) Transformations (Part 4) Sentence completion (Part 2) Multiple choice (Part 4) Talking about photos (Part 2) Supermarket psychology Interview (Part 1) Gapped text (Part 6) Word formation: Adjectives Word formation (Part 3) Transformations (Part 4) Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) Multiple choice (Part 1) Multiple matching (Part 3) Interview (Part 1) Talking about photos (Part 2) Multiple choice (Part 5) Multiple matching (Part 7) Word formation: Adverbs Open cloze (Part 2) Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) Word formation (Part 3) Transformations (Part 4) Multiple choice (Part 4) Sentence completion (Part 2) Collaborative task (Part 3) Part 3: Multiple matching Part 4: Multiple choice Multiple choice (Part 5) Transformations (Part 4) Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) Multiple choice (Part 4) Multiple matching (Part 3) Talking about photos (Part 2) Multiple matching (Part 7) Gapped text (Part 6) Open cloze (Part 2) Transformations (Part 4) Sentence completion (Part 2) Multiple choice (Part 1) Collaborative task (Part 3) Multiple matching (Part 7) Open cloze (Part 2) Word formation: Nouns Word formation (Part 3) Transformations (Part 4) Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) Multiple matching (Part 3) Multiple choice (Part 4) Talking about photos (Part 2) Part 3: Collaborative task Part 4: Further discussion Gapped text (Part 6) Word formation: Suffixes –ible and –able Word formation (Part 3) Transformations (Part 4) Multiple choice (Part 4) Sentence completion (Part 2) Collaborative task (Part 3) Further discussion (Part 4) Multiple choice (Part 5) Word formation: Suffixes –ful and –less Open cloze (Part 2) Multiple-choice cloze (Part 1) Transformations (Part 4) Word formation (Part 3) Multiple matching (Part 3) Multiple choice (Part 1) Talking about photos (Part 2) Letter of application, Report, Review Listening scripts Answer key Page 222 Page 241 Introduction Welcome to Ready for First, a course which is designed to help you prepare for the Cambridge English: First examination, also known as First Certificate in English (FCE) This book contains a wide range of activities aimed at improving your English and developing the language and skills which you will need to pass the examination As well as providing relevant practice in reading, writing, listening and speaking, each unit of Ready for First includes one or more Language focus sections, which revise the main grammar areas, together with Vocabulary slots which will help you to increase your word store A significant feature of the Use of English syllabus in the book is the systematic approach to Word formation At regular intervals you will find special sections which focus on the most important aspects of word building, ensuring that you are properly prepared for this part of the examination There are also sections, in Units 7, 10 and 13, devoted to the important skill of paraphrasing and recording new vocabulary At the end of every unit there is a two-page Review section, which enables you to revise and practise the new language you have encountered in the unit Overview of the Examination The Cambridge English: First examination consists of four papers, as shown below The Writing, Listening and Speaking papers each carry 20% of the total marks; the Reading and Use of English paper carries 40% (20% for the Reading tasks and 20% for the Use of English tasks) A low mark in one paper does not necessarily mean a candidate will fail the examination; it is the overall mark which counts Reading and Use of English There are seven parts to this paper: Parts to are grammar and vocabulary tasks; Parts to are reading tasks For the Use of English tasks, each correct answer in Parts to receives one mark; each question in Part carries up to two marks For the reading tasks, each correct answer in Parts and receives two marks, and there is one mark for each question in Part For more information on this paper, see the Ready for Use of English unit on pages 42 to 45 and the Ready for Reading unit on pages 82 to 87, as well as the relevant sections in the main units of the book Part Task Type Throughout the book you will find the following boxes, which are designed to help you when performing the different tasks: What to expect in the exam: these contain useful information on what you should be prepared to see, hear or in a particular task in the examination How to go about it: these give advice and guidelines on how to deal with different task types and specific questions Don’t forget!: these provide a reminder of important points to bear in mind when answering a particular question Useful language: these contain vocabulary and structures which can be used when doing a specific writing or speaking activity Further information and advice on each of the papers in the Cambridge English: First exam is included in the five supplementary ‘Ready for …’ units These are situated at regular intervals in the book and can be used at appropriate moments during the course The Ready for Writing unit contains model answers for each of the main task types, together with advice, useful language and further writing tasks for you to complete At the end of the book you will find detailed explanations of the grammar areas seen in the units in the Grammar reference, together with a topicbased Wordlist and the Listening scripts hour 15 minutes Multiple-choice cloze Number Task Format of questions A text with gaps; there is a choice of answers for each gap Open cloze Word Formation Key word transformations Multiple Choice 6 Gapped Text Multiple Matching 10 A text with gaps, each of which must be completed with one word A text containing gaps The task is to complete each gap with the correct form of a given word Gapped sentences which must be completed using a given word A text followed by multiplechoice questions with four options A text from which sentences have been removed Candidates replace each of these in the appropriate part of the text A text preceded by multiplematching questions which require candidates to find specific information in a text or texts Introduction Writing hour 20 minutes There are two parts to this paper, each of which carries the same number of marks Part is compulsory, so must be answered by all candidates, whereas in Part candidates choose one from three tasks You are required to write between 140 and 190 words for each part For more information and advice on the questions in this paper, see the Ready for Writing unit on pages 192 to 201, as well as the relevant sections in the main units of the book Part Task Type Essay Number of Tasks (compulsory) (candidates choose one) Task Format Candidates are given an essay title and notes to guide their writing A writing task with a clear context, purpose for writing and target reader Candidates write one of the following: article, email/letter, report, review Listening Task Type Number of Questions Multiple choice Sentence completion Multiple Matching Multiple choice 10 Task Format 14 minutes There are four parts to this paper There are usually two candidates and two examiners Candidates are given marks for range and correct use of grammar and vocabulary, pronunciation, discourse management (the ability to organize language and produce extended responses) and interactive communication For more information on this paper, see the Ready for Speaking unit on pages 164 to 167, as well as the relevant sections in the main units of the book Part Task Type Interview Time minutes Talking about photographs minutes Collaborative Task minutes Further discussion minutes about 40 minutes This paper consists of four parts with a total of 30 questions, each of which carries one mark Each part contains one or more recorded texts, which are heard twice Candidates are tested on their ability to understand, for example, opinions, gist, the main points or specific information For more information on this paper, see the Ready for Listening unit on pages 124 to 127, as well as the relevant sections in the main units of the book Part Speaking Task Format Candidates give personal information in response to questions from the interviewer Each candidate talks about two pictures for about minute, and comments briefly on the other candidate’s pictures Candidates are given instructions with written prompts which they use for discussion Candidates speak for about minutes in total; the giving of instructions takes about minute The interviewer leads a discussion which is related to the topic of Part Roy Norris Short unrelated extracts of approximately 30 seconds each with one or more speakers There are options for each question A monologue lasting approximately minutes Candidates write a word or short phrase to complete sentences Five short monologues, each lasting approximately 30 seconds The extracts are all related to a common theme Candidates match extracts with prompts An interview or conversation between two or more speakers lasting approximately minutes There are options for each question Lifestyle Actor Potter Vocabulary 1: Lifestyle a Look at the verbs and adjectives that can all be used with the noun lifestyle to form collocations Collocations are pairs or groups of words that are often used together have live a/an lead alternative luxurious busy quiet chaotic relaxing comfortable sedentary exciting simple healthy stressful lifestyle Underline those adjectives which could be used to describe your lifestyle b Work in pairs Compare your adjectives with your partner, explaining your choices Example: I have quite a healthy lifestyle at the moment I’m eating sensibly and doing a lot of exercise Discuss the following questions As in other parts of this book, common collocations are shown in bold • Would you like to change your lifestyle? Why/Why not? • Do you lead an active social life? What kinds of things you do? • What you think is meant by the American way of life? How would you describe the way of life in your country to a foreigner? • What are some of the positive and negative aspects of our modern way of life? In what ways, if any, was the traditional way of life in your country better? • Why are people so interested in the private lives of celebrities? Do they interest you? Lifestyle Speaking Part Talking about photos Look at the four photographs They show people who have different lifestyles Before you the speaking task, read the information in the boxes below Student A Compare photographs and and say what you think the people might find difficult about their lifestyles Student B When your partner has finished, say which lifestyle you would prefer to lead Now change roles Follow the instructions above using photographs and How to go about it Student A • In Part of the speaking exam you are not asked to describe the photographs in detail, but to compare them When doing this, comment on the similarities and differences: Similarities: Both pictures show … Differences: In the first picture … whereas in the second one … • When talking about what the people might find difficult about their lifestyles, give reasons for your opinions You could comment on some of the following: daily routine working hours leisure time type of home eating habits health travel family life friends Student B • In the exam you have time to develop your answer fully and give reasons for your choice Useful language I get the impression it’s a stressful life I expect/imagine she has to get up early He probably spends a long time away from home I doubt that she has much time for a social life Perhaps he doesn’t see his family very often She might/may get lonely during the day What might the people find difficult about their lifestyles? Farm vet Fisherman 1 Lifestyle Reading and Use of English Part Multiple matching You are going to read an article in which four people talk about their lifestyles For questions 1–10, choose from the people (A–D) The people may be chosen more than once How to go about it • Read all the questions to see the kind of information you are looking for • Read section A, then look again at the questions, answering any that you can To help you, one part of section A has been underlined Match this part to one of the questions Then look in the rest of section A for any more answers • Do the same for the other three sections Underline the relevant parts of the text as you answer the questions • If there are any questions you have not answered, scan the whole text again looking for the information you need Which person admits to having an untidy house? could not imagine doing any other type of work? likes the unpredictable nature of their work? is not particularly keen on taking exercise? says they start the day like many other people? does not have to go far to get to their place of work? never has any trouble getting to sleep? used to feel lonely while working? says that people have the wrong idea about their work? would prefer to go to bed earlier on many occasions? 10 This is your life Four more personal accounts in our series on different lifestyles 10 15 A Colin Dobson: television and stage actor Normally I get out of bed around midday I’ll sometimes go for a run after I get up, though it’s not really my idea of fun I’m not a fitness fan, but I realize it’s important When I’m not rehearsing or on tour, afternoons usually involve reading scripts or learning lines My wife and two sons are also actors, so at home there are usually scripts lying all over the place It’s a bit of a mess, I’m ashamed to say I’m passionate about history, and if I’m working away from home, I spend the afternoons in museums or historic buildings I always get to the theatre at the last minute, which annoys my co-actors, but I don’t like arriving anywhere early After a performance I eat and spend a few hours unwinding, so bedtime is often two or three in the morning I always fall asleep as soon as my head hits the pillow Lifestyle 20 25 30 35 40 45 B Jodie Miller: potter Before I started renting the workshop at the open-air museum, I would crawl out of bed in the morning, get dressed and go straight into the garage, which I’d converted into a studio Now I get the train and a bus, so I have to get up early and my morning routine is dull and conventional, the same one that’s played out in millions of households On the plus side, though, I get to meet lots of people: there are the museum visitors that come into the workshop every day to watch me working, the other craftspeople – the broom maker, the blacksmith or the glassblower – and I also give classes Working at home was a solitary business and I hated the fact that I would often go for days without speaking to anyone I get lots of requests for personalized mugs, and evenings are spent packaging up orders to send out the next day I often get to bed later than I would like C Janie Collins: farm vet I used to have a dog and we’d go running together most mornings, but I gave him to my mum in the end I tend to be out all day visiting farms and it wasn’t fair to leave him alone So now I don’t get as much exercise as I’d like to I love my job, especially the variety and not knowing what you’ll be doing from one day to the next But being a vet – any type of vet – is not what people think It’s not all cuddly lambs and cute little pigs We have to some pretty unpleasant things sometimes, things which would put you off working with animals for life My mum wants to know when I’m going to settle down with someone, but there’s no room for a dog in my life, so I don’t see how I’ll be able to fit marriage in 50 55 60 D Mark Fudge: fisherman My flat overlooks the port, so it’s just a short walk to the Ellie May That’s our boat, the place I think of as home I get lonely if I’m away from her for longer than a week or so – the crew is like a family to me I’m one of four deckhands, which means that the first mate – the second in command after the captain – gets us to cleaning and maintenance work as well as pulling in the nets, then washing, salting, icing and storing the fish We work hard – six hours on, six hours off, six hours on, six hours off – every day for seven weeks It’s tough, but I can’t see myself in any other profession There’s nothing else I’d rather Reacting to the text If you had to choose, which of the four people would you prefer to change places with for a month? Why? 1 Lifestyle Language focus 1: Habitual behaviour C Used to and would A General tendencies Used to and would can be used to talk about past habits Look at these sentences from the reading text and answer the question a I would crawl out of bed and go straight into the garage b I would sometimes go for days without speaking to anyone c I used to have a dog and we’d go running together most mornings In all three sentences, used to could be used instead of would/’d before the verbs crawl and go, but in sentence c, it is not possible to say I would have a dog Why is this? Which of the alternatives in this sentence is not possible? I tend to be/use to be/am usually out all day visiting farms Look at the Grammar reference on page 209 to see how tend to is used Make three general statements about some of the following groups of people in your country using tend to • football players • teenagers • elderly people • teachers • people in cities • people in villages Example: The best football players in my country tend to go abroad They can earn much more money playing for foreign clubs B Frequency adverbs a Look at the following extracts from the reading text In what position is the frequency adverb placed in relation to the verb? Check your ideas on page 209 of the Grammar reference In the following paragraph, decide whether the underlined verbs can be used with: a both used to and would b only used to c neither used to nor would I’ll sometimes go for a run after I get up At home there are usually scripts lying all over the place I always get to the theatre at the last minute b In this sentence, two of the adverbs are in the correct position and two are not Cross out the two incorrectly placed adverbs Normally/Always/Sometimes/Never I get out of bed around midday Check your ideas in the Grammar reference on page 209 For sentences 1–6, decide if the position of the adverb is possible If it is not possible, correct the sentence I rarely go out on weekday evenings I have usually my dinner in front of the television Never I spend more than ten minutes doing my English homework Companies are always phoning me in the evening, trying to sell me something – I get so annoyed Hardly I ever play computer games – I prefer reading It’s rare for me to go to bed before midnight, and quite often I’ll stay up until two in the morning Say whether or not the sentences in exercise are true for you Use frequency adverbs and the alternatives in the Grammar reference on page 209 Example: It’s rare for me to stay at home on weekday evenings I usually some type of sport; I tend to go running if it’s not raining, and if it is, I’ll often go swimming or play badminton 10 In the bad old days my mum (1) had an executive position in a pharmaceutical company She often (2) worked long hours and sometimes (3) went away on business trips for two or three days at a time Our dear old gran (4) looked after us on those occasions, but it wasn’t the same as having a mum around My brother and I (5) didn’t like her being away from home, but we never once (6) said anything, because we always (7) thought she was happy in her work Then one day she (8) announced she was giving up her job to spend more time with her family We (9) were delighted at the change in lifestyle, but I’m not sure about my mum: she often (10) said afterwards that being a full-time mother was harder than being a business executive! Write six sentences comparing your life now with your life five years ago Write about things which have changed Example: I didn’t use to have a job, but now I work on Saturdays so I have more money Listening scripts troublemakers - is a step in the right clirection but it cloesn't go rar enough They're still there, ancl thev're s till causing disruption to lessons The heacl should havc asked the parenls to come in ancl gol the kids to make eertain guarantees in íront oí them, macle the111 pro111ise to improve their behaviour and so 011 Then if the promises aren'L kept, expcl them from the school We lolcl her thal, bul s he sa id expelling them woulcl just create prnblems for other· schools She needs to be 111uch lougher Speaker There's sorne building work going on outsicle lhc music room, so vou can imagine how difficult it is tc'i leach in there The windows are clouble glazecl, but thcy're not enough to kecp out the noise, so l've been moved - a long with nw piano - to a room on the other s ide o( the school Now J've c hanged rooms manv times befare, bul never to one as bad as this The ceil ing's enormously high ancl the acoustics are terrible for the piano Plus prnelically have lo shout to make 111ysclf hearcl, so mv throat is suffering And then thc sun strea111s in during the aíternoon and sends the kids to s leep l'm telling you, as soon as the work's l"inished, J'm moving straight back to m v olcl room Unit ~ 1.22-1.29 Part 1: Multiple choice Listen to lhis woma n talking about an actor l usecl to think he was so goocl looking - those sparkl ing blue eyes and that sexy sm ile - but now oí course the ,,;rin kles have taken over and be's lost it complelely Call me olcl-fashioned, but 1·eallv don't think that somebody of his age s hould be wearing tight trnusers ancl ílowe1-y shins Tt's obscene Ancl the way he Lalks Lo the press! I mean, 'polile ness' is jusi nota worcl he unclerstancls l'm not surprisecl they gel upset ancl give hi111 bad reviews You overhea1· this conversation between two friencls M =Man W=Woman M: So, have vou decided which film we'1·e goi;1g lo see, then? W: Wcll, really wan tecl lo see the new Fiona Miller l"il111 which ever-yone is raving about M: Oh, please, no! Tcoulcln't stand another costume drama W: No, this one's very cliííerent from her others She plays the pan of an out-of-work spy who decides to turn lo crime and begin a li fe as a jewcl thieí But anyway, Katie says it's not her cup of lea, so l'm afraid it's 'gel yow· handkerchie f ready for a nothcr lcar-jerkcr' You know the plot already: boy meets girl, g irl meels anot her boy, f"irs t boy gels upset - ali that kincl of nonsense You hear a man Lelling a woman aboul a slorylelling cow·se he attendecl W = Woman M = Man W: So w hat macle vou decide to a storytclling COL;rse? M: Well, a ÍTiencl of mine who clic! it last year recommencled it to me She thot;gbt J mighl enjoy i t - and she was right IL was greal íun, really laid-back ancl everyone was very supportive It gave me the courage I needecl - ancl the sel f-be l ief - lo be ablc to stand up ancl spcak in front of a group of peoplc W: So are you going lo be leaving us to take up a career as a stm-yteller, then? M: No, I like working here too much W: Ha-ha! That's a good stm-y You hear an actress talking about her performance in a play Drained, darling, absolutely cli-a ined And have you read what the crilics wrote aboul it? don't know how anyone could say it was 'clisappointing' l mean, OK, so it's not the 1110s1 exc iting part T've eve1· hacl to play but T gave it my ali, absolutely everyth ing One look al my face w ill tell you just how utterly exhaustecl am l cou ld sleep for a week You ovcd1ea1· this man talking on the telephone What you think we should gel him? J\n atlas! That's nol ve,-y much know he's interested in geogrnphy, but he's been w ith the company for nearly 25 years I really don't think an atlas woulcl express ow· appreciation for ali he's clone for the l'irm He's been like a father to us ali I clon't know, something thal wi ll remind him oí us in his retirement, something he can use on a regula,· basis How about an e-book reader or a clecent video camei-a - Lhat kind or thing? You hea1· a young woman talking to her friend about a film M = Man W = Woman M: What was it li ke? W: Oh, don't ask I ce,-tainly wouldn't recommend it to anyone M: Too violen! for you, was it? W: Hmm Quite the opposite I mean, al first there was the usual dose of gratuitous violence - basically w hat you'd expecl from that type of film, ancl partly why T wenl to see it After that, though, not a g reat d eal happened From what T can remember - when Twasn't falling asleep, that is - the script scemed to focus on an analys is oí the protagonist's inner sclf M: A kincl of 'non-aetion film', then W: Exactly You hear a woman te le phon ing a bookshop Helio, yes, it's about a book T bought in your shop last week A Katharine Ad ams novel just wantecl to point out lhat th ere were one m- lwo pages missing No, no, there's really no need lo apologize I mean it's notas if it w as the las t page o,- anything And I gol the gis t of w hat was happening w ithoul the pages I jusl thought you oughl to know so you can check the resl of your s tock, or talk to the publishers or something That's OK Yes, pages 60 to 64 You bear this young man talking on the phone Wcll, we were born in the same month, but I'm a Leo, as you know, whereas he1· birthclay's al the beginning of July, wh ic h ma kes her a Cancer l clon't know if that's good mbad We certainly seem to laugh a l the samc things; the same jokes, the same comecly programmes Sorry? Oh, next Friclay We're going to a jazz concen, although l can't say it's my favourite type of music She's really into it, ancl s he wanted me to go, so Unit ~ 1.30 Part 4: Multiple choice D = Deborah Chilton I = Interviewer I: Few of us wou lcl admit to actuallv enjoying cloing the housework, · so getting our leenage chi ldren to their fa ir s hare is no easy task Deboi-ah Ch ilton, the author of a new paren ting book, The Stress Free Cuide to Bringing up Teenagers, is here to give us a [ew poin le1·s Debornh, where we starl? D: Well, as you say, it's not easy, but if we're aware of what we're 11-ying to ach ieve ancl w hy, then the battle is ha![ won Gelling teenagers to conlribute Lo housewo1·k has so many benefits It's an ideal way of teaching Lhem w hat it means to belong lo a fam ily ancla community They also learn Lo take on more responsib ility as they a pproach aclulthood, and they pickup sorne uscful skilis on the way, too Knowing ali this gives pare nts the strength they need to see their goals through I: R igh t Ancl at what agc should Leenagers begin hclping out w ith the housework? D: Long before they reach adolesccnce Teenagers are naturally resistant to being tole! what to do, ancl suddenly asking them at fourteen or [ifleen to take on chores when they've never done any thing lo hclp before - well, le t's j ust say it cloesn't meet w ith a ver-y positive reaction Parents often [ail to lake advantage of the fact that young chi ldren are quite happy to make their bed, Licly their room, lay the table or was h the d ishes So gel them startecl early a ncl you'JI fine! il easie1· later on 225 t Listening scripts I: Ancl whal sorl or things can Leenage1·s do? D: Cleaning, washing, iron ing Anything, reallv Planning a ncl cooking a meal cach-week is exccllcnl Lraining, ancl tea chcs teenagers how much time and cfforl goes in Lo putting íoocl on Lhe ta ble Whalever they do, jusl be sure to explain to thcm cm·e fully how lo il firsl My son once almos! triecl lo wash the toaster in thc sink wh ile it was still pluggcd in! I: Oh clcar! D: Yes Tecnage1-s will make mistakes, ancl that's pan of the leanüng prncess BuL it's best Lo Lry a nd avoid thcm beíore they actuaUy happc n I: lnclccd And w hat if your teenage son or daugh ter decides nol to a chore? What thcn? D: Well, it's a good idea lo make Lhe ir contribution someLhing that's important to Lhen1 as well Tha t way, if it's not done, thcy're the ones to suller So fo,- cxample, if they don't the washing, they won't have clean c lothes for a party; if thcy don't the shop ping, they can't eat T hcy'll gel the idea cventually I: So you woulcln'L consider handing oul punis hme nts? D: Only as a last resort They tend to cause bacl feeling ancl resentmenL rr things don't get belte,-, sil clown toge ther ancl r e mincl them o[ their duty to othc,- family membei-s a.ncl the neecl LO work as a leam Ami for the same reasons, clon't g ive financ ia] rewarcls for completing chores Housework is an o bl igation, rathe,than a c ho ice, and no one gets paicl for clo ing iL I: Hmm H only we clicl! So, ho usework has to be done, ancl Lhat's iL D: Yes, but the re's still room for somc negotiation Unclerstanclably, teenagers like to feel they have at leasl some say in the matte r So whilst the chore itself is not negotiable, w hen it is carried out m ight be [n fact, rather than say lo your tcenage ch ilcl 'coulcl you load the dishwas her?' - to which i.hey could a nswer 'no' - ask thcm instead 'woulcl you like to load thc clis hwasher befare or afte r the l'i lm ?' That way there's an ciernen! of choice, and the job gets ne sooner or later I: Very clever I like that D: Yes Ancl I woulcljust like to say, that a lthough domestic cluties can be a pain, they can also be a welcome clislraction Teenagcrs generally have a lot on their mi neis, whether it's schoolwork, frienclship problems or boyfrie ncl/girlfriencl issues Vaeuuming the carpel, cutting the grass or cleaning the car provicles an alternalive focus ancl helps take a teenagcr's m ine! off his or her claily concerns I: Ce rtainlv Ancl that's a very posilive note to finish on Deboral-i, thank you for com ing in 226 Unit 1.31 Part 2: Sentence completion Right, let's start by talking aboul lhc seleclion prncedu re Wha l you havc lo in order to become a firefightcr? Well, it's a fairly ri gorous process, wit h a rangc of differen t tests We don't ins ist on any academic qual irications, bu t potenlial 1-ccru its havc to take a s hort cclucat ional test Now t his test is aimecl a l asscssing bas ic litcrac_v and numcracy, or in olher words, 1-cacling, writing and arithmetic But we also look al a candidatc's people skills, because com munity work, clealing w ilh the puhlic, is such an importanl parl of the job nowaclays And I'll say a bit more about thal later Now you may he surprisecl lo hcar that firefigh ters no longe1· bave to be a minimum height Tnsleacl, they a series of physical tests, w hich are clesignccl to measure things like ho\.v tightly they can gr ip thi ngs, or w hether the ir back ancl legs are strong e nough Ir they get through this s tage they go o n to tbe next one, the practica! awareness clay, which involves fitness tests, c hecks to see if clau strophobia is a problcm a nd practica! tasks sucl1 as laclde,- climbing Oí coursc, both sexes a re acceptecl in to the force, though I have to say, women are s till ve1y much in lhe minori ty In case you're wonclerin g, we'vc hacl u p to fivc women wor king with us a l H ove Fire Station al any onc time in the pasl At the moment, thou gh, tbere are just three on the workforce OK, what's ncxt? Well, as you know, firefighters are on call 24 hours a clay, so let mejust saya little bit aboul how the s hift system works At Hove we o perale an eight-clay rota That means a rirefighter works two nine-hour clay s hifts, followed by two firteen-hour n ight shifts And then we gel Four clays o ff before starting again ll's a continuous cycle E r, a typica l shift begins w ith the Watch Paracle, whicb is w he,-e one shift hands over to the nexl Now tl1is is a fairly formal a ffair ancl it's compulsory for everyone to wear ful! uniform After that- if it's a clay shift - morn ings a,-e taken up with lra ining ancl equipment chccks We have to m a ke surc that vital equipment such as our brealhing apparatus is in perfect working orclcr Ancl our fire e ngines, of coU1-se, have to be c heckecl Erorn top to hottom , too Er, aftetnoons are usually given over to community safety work, which is whal I mentioned at t.he beginning So, for example, we a loto[ home safc ty visils, where we give aclvice to vulnerable people, such as the elclerly and disablecl, on how to keep their homes safe Ancl we'II fit smoke alanns if they haven't gol them installecl alreacly One question J often get asked al these talks is 'What is vour busi est time?' Well, we te ncl to gel called out more in the evening, ralher than during the clay That's the tim e when shops and other business prcrnises are leít Lmattended, a nd also when mos t people are al home, cooking a ncl so on As you mighl expect, tbe ma_jorily oí fires a1·e domeslic ones The fires themselves oítcn La ke only minutes lo put out, but clearing up a ftcrwarcl · can take severa! hours We have lo ever_vth ing we can to preven! the danoer of a l"ire re-igniling, so that mcans t~ki ng a li the ílo~rs u¡;, gelting ílammable th ings like ca rpets out of lhe build ing, ancl so on So what's il like bcing a firefighter? Well , obviously it's dangerous work and anv l'ire fi irhter who saicl that he had ne~1er l"cli°frig htened wou ld be foo ling h irnsel r ancl vou Bu t it's ali a matter of control ll's ~'.,hat wc've been lrained for ancl wc learn to control feel ings such as fcar Bul quite aparl from t bc clanger a ncl the drama of thc _job, it's obviously ver~, satisfying bcing o ul on thc street, lmow ing that you'r e he lping thc public, clo ing something usdu l l cei-tainl_v don't think !'el be able to any o ther job Unit 1.32-1.36 Part 3: Multiple matching Speaker Before Paul s tartcd school, he used to come round to us evcty morning while his rnother, Lynda - my claughter-in-law - was at work H e was a lovely chile! but, like 111 0s1 boys, he hacl a lmosl li mitless enCP'Y and al times he was rather diffi;~ilt to control We onlv hacl to look aher him for four hours ea.ch day, but il comple1cly wore us out H is mother woulcl tell us off for le tting him watch too much television - she saicl Paul ncedecl to work hi s e nergy oll in Lhe park or o n long walks Eas)r Cor her to say, but we wcrcn'l gelt ing any younger and wa tching tclcvision was a useful survival s trategy I remember arguing w ith Lynda on more than one occasion about this Speaker Tsha,-ecl a ilat once with someone who usecl to gel a nnoyecl abouL the sill iest of things He seemecl quite pleasant al fi,-st, ami we gol on rine for a while But that's bccause we hardlv saw eacb olher - he hadan eveni ng _job in a bar ancl l workecl during the cla_v in a super111arket When I gol to know him better, though, I rcalized jusl how cl ifficull he cou ld be Th.ings hacl to be clo ne his way ancl h is way alone T-le was obsessive about ticlincss ancl he couldn 't bear it irI left anything lying on the rloor H e'cl a lso tell me off fo,- cooking food that macle the house s mell or for singing in the shower l hacl lo move ou t in the encl I coulcln't s tand it Speaker Julie was a friencl as well as a colleague looked up to her ancl aclmi rcd her selfbelief a ncl quiet cleterminalion lt camc as n o srn-pr ise w hcn she was promoted Lo senio,- m anager and l wasn't l clidn't think il was unfait- or anything She clescr vecl it or C0Ul"Se was clisappoin tecl, bu t I gol over it quickly Listening scripts enough But JL1 lie was now my boss a nd it soon became clear that s he wasn't goocl at managing people She bL11liecl and shoL1tecl, ancl upset most people in the clcpartment, inclucling me To her creclit, shc realizecl she was1ú s uitecl to the job ancl she askecl for a transfer BLll haven't spoken to her since she left Speaker My brother, M ike, ancl I oflen clon't see eye to eye with each other, but it's never really affccted our relationship We've always gol on very wcll, clespite having very differen t ideas and opinions about things Recently, though, sometbing's come between LIS that's changecl a li that The money we inheritecl from 0L1r grandmother \\;asn't cliviclecl egL1ally belween us She left me more because I'm marriecl with Lwo ch ilclren ancl Mike's single Al least tha t's what she saicl in her \Nill Unclerstandably, I suppose, Mike thinks it's a bit unfair and feels harcl done by We haven't exaclly fallen out wi th each other, bL1t there's certainly a tension between us that wasn't there befare Speaker S We split L1p aroL1nd about this ti me lasl year, jusl befare he went o fl to Ind ia J'd always been verv Lolerant and L1ndersla11ding- I kn~w how mucb John's work meant to him and l'd pL1t up with the s itL1al ion fo1- as long as J coL1!d But we both realized these long periods of separalion weren't good for the relationship Not being able to make any plans fo,- Lhe Íulure inevitably caused ÍTiction, so we deeidcd to ene! it We still see ea c h other ÍTom time to time, and it's good because there's not the same tension between LIS that there used to be Unit 1.37- 1.44 Part 1: Multiple choice YoL1 hear a woman on tbe radio talking aboL1t he r íather a lways gol on very well w ith m y mother J íel t I coL1!d tL1rn to her for a dvice, share conficlences with her, becaL1se she understood my problems With my father it was clifferenl I founcl it dií[icull to talk to bim, ancl when we clicl speak, you coL1lcl fee l the tension be tween LIS I think it was pa rtly becaL1se I take a fte1- him so m L1cb - I in heritecl mv lack of confidence from bim fo1· o ne thing - ancl T blamecl him fo1· my own weaknesses YoLI overhear a man talking about a for mer teacher After the f"irsl lesson we a li thought he was a bit macl But he was just di/Terent Mosl of the othcr teachers in the school wer e really serious ancl uninspiring They'd speak, we'cl take notes and Lhat was aboul il lL was cleaclly clull But Hilton-Dennis wou lcl jump arouncl thc room, waving his arms aboul ancl jabbering away in Ilalian al us H e seemed to r·eally cnjov what he was cloing, and I too k Lo him almost straight away H e managecl to commL1nicate his passion for tbc sL1bjecl ancl he gota lol of people in teres tecl in learning the language You hear a woman complaining aboL1l o ne of her employees W = Woman M = Man W: J'm going to have to have a worcl with Simon again lf it's not one thing, it's another M: Is Simon the scruffi, one? W: Yes, he is That's not what worries me, though H e cloesn't have any contact with the p ublic, so I clon't mine! what he looks like M: So has he been rude again? W: No, we managed to sort that one out J took bim asicle just befare Christmas and had a long talk with him He's been quite pleasant since then BLll I neecl reliable people wbo turn up on time ancl he's been late for work three times this last fortnight I'm beginning to reg1-et taking him on You bear part of a rad io programme in which a man is giving a clvice Unfortunately, there's not always a clirect relationship between harcl work ancl goocl performance at school Thin k how demotivating it must be for a young person to spencl hours on homework ancl then gct low marks for their troL1ble Something like that can seriously affect their self-esteem and their conficlence So they may look for other ways to feel goocl aboL1t the mselves Let's imagine they come to you and say they want to have their nose p iercecl or get a tattoo clone Woulcl yoL1 !et them? Maybe not, bu t perhaps you s hoLllcl al least cons icler thei r motives for wanting to so S You overhear a woman talking on the phone about sorne clothes We'r e gett ing riel of anything we clon't need befare we move Vl/e've got so t11L1ch rubbish in our bouse, ancl tbere's not a lol of room in the new flat Well, there are Hannah's olcl baby clothes, for a start I've helcl on to them for year s, just in case Hannah slartecl a family o[ her own But il cloesn't look as i( that's going to hap pen now No, I h aven't gol the heart to pul them in t he bin, ancl I can 't imagine anyone wanting to buy them Can you? Well, 1'11 probably take Lhem rouncl to Mai-ina's She knows lots of young mothe1-s - J'm sure one of them will be delighted to have them You hear a man ancla woman talking abou t a person in a photograph W = Woman M = Man W: It's a lovely pboto She looks so ,·elaxecl ancl cheeríul - as if she's really enjoying it a li M: Yea h, it's my mum's favourite She's had it frnm~cl and it's u p on th e wall in her living room She was starting to think she might never see her daughter in a wedcling clress, so it's got pricle of place above the telly LLICY cloesn't like iL though W: Why not? M : She says you can see ali her wrinkJes Sbe's a b it sensitive aboul her age W : Oh clear So, a nyway, yoL1 think Lhere'I I be a photo of yoL1 above your mum's te lly one clay? Littl e brotber in a weclding suit? M : Don't you star t! You bear an elclerly wom an talk ing to a man about her new neighbours M = Man W = Woman M: So bow are lhe new neighbou ,·s? F: Well, I mL1st say I'm quite pleased so far I t's early days, of coL1rse they've only been there for a couple of weeks But Lhey seem better than the lastones Ali those weekend parties Such an unpleasant family M: Have you invitecl them rouncl yet? F : vVell, no, I haven't hacl a chance You see, they've askecl m e to go to Lh eir hoL1se on two occasions alreacly ancl one of those w as for lunch M: That's very sociable of them F: Yes, it is, isn't it? As J say, I'm rather pleasecl T hey've even offerecl lo come ancl cut my grass form e You hear a man talking on the radio about a m usician who influencecl him People are surp1ised when I mention him asan influence He played Blues Rock ancl m y music's always in the New Age section I suppose if he'cl moved into P rogressive Rock, there might have been sorne si milarily But he hatee! ali that stuff, a nd probably woL1!cl bave hatee! what Ido, too And OK, have the same kincl of kneelength hair·, bu t his was a fash ion statement - mine's there becaL1se I can't be botherecl to gel iL cut No, it's tbe atmosphere he createcl on stage that I'm referring to - moocly, sorne p eople call it Soulh1l No moving arouncl - just let the guitar the talking Unit 1.45 Part 2: Sentence completion Right, well, lhe layout of most rnajor su permarkets is roughly the same, and for more or less the same reasons You'll notice lhat the entrance, for example, is usually situated to one side of the building T his is to ensL1re, o[ course, that shoppers walk clown as many aisles as possible befare th ey leave the store lf we hacl iL in the miclcll e, tben they rnight visit only on e half of th e supermarket ancl as a resL1lt only buy half as l11LICh The first th ing you often see as you come through the entrance is the frui t ancl vegetable area As well as being pleasanl lo tbe eye, this a]so gives customers the im press ion they're coming into an OL1ldoor market Fresh, colourf1.il 227 Listening scripts proclucls a,·e far more allracl ive than Lins o[ conveni e nce foocl so the customer is pul in a goocl buying moocl, li-om Lhe slarl Ancl nexl lo Lhe f'rnil and vegelable area is the confcclionery; e,·, crisps, chocolates, swecls and so on Pa rcnts o ftc n come s hoppi ng wilh the ir c hildren and wc nced Lo ensure Lhal they are kepl ppy ancl inlc reslecl so Lhal Lhey don'! dislurb mum and dad rrom thc bus iness oí spending money Then al the bac k or the supe rma rkel in the comer, you'II probably l'ind Lhc fres h meal counler This is parlly to makc sure Lha l as liulc room as poss iblc is Laken away from the main display areas by the stafí w ho are scrving Bu t it's also Lhe re so as nol lo clistracl euslo111ers w hen we have cle li veries Thcy really clo n'L wan l lo see us bringi ng big carcasses oí 111cal Llu·ough the stm·e, so, e r, it's brought in through the back cloor Ancl ve,y closc lo Lhc fresh mea! you can ex pecl to see Lhe prc-packed mea! Pcople w ho are p u l off by the s ight oí bloocl a nd um - clcacl a nimals - p rcícr Lo buy the ir meat in thc rorm or convcnience food Lo p1·evenl them having to makc Lh e neclion between the procluc t a ncl the animal They buy a lamb c hop, bul Lhey don'L Lhink ora babv lamb in the [iclcl The Freeze r goods ¡ll'e near·by Thc rc's a li mi lccl amounl o í space so th e smaller suppliers o íLen fine! it cliíficult Lo gel rnom for Lhe ir proclucls Th al's why you only lend Lo see Lhe well-known brancls l,t:,:e Er, movi ng o n to the a reas a l thc en ds oí Lhe aisles - how we decide w hal lo pu l lhc rc? Well, Lhese are key selling si tes, a ncl sales o r goods a l these points can be as 111 uc h as l"ive limes highe r Lhan olhe r an:as So we generally 111ove goods Lo the e ncl-of-aisle a1·eas when wc wanl to sell them qu ic kly: goocls wh ich have not been selli ng well, a ncl especially Lhose wh ic h are neai-ing the ir sell-by dale Bread, Loo, nceds lo be sold quickly, bu! we pul Lhe bake1y scc tion in thc [ar corner, as far away íro111 Lbe en lrance as possible, nexl lo othe r basic foodstu ífs such as milk This is so tha l cus lomers havc lo walk pas l hundreds o f prnduc ls Lo rcach il Er, il's expensive to ru na bakery bul il ine1·eases sales of o ther prndt;cts The smell, Loo, is a n imporlanl fac tor as it hclps lo c rea le a warm, horncly a tmosphere in lhe sto re And J'inally, alcoho lic drinks They're ofte n a l Lhe far e nd Loo, very nea1· Lhc ex il E,·, by this Lime the s hopper is beginning lo enjoy Lhe shopping expcrience, so he or s he w ill buy more alcohol if it's he re than il' il's by thc enlrance Er, the same is tn1e l'o r Lhosc produ cls we pul al Lhc chec kouts; c1·, more swecls and c hocolates, usually The kincl oí thin gs people buy on impu lse as Lhey wail to pay - er, a reward they give themselvcs for cloing thc shoppi ng 228 Unit 1.46 Part 4: Multiple choice I = lnterviewe r G = Greg R= Rebecca I : Re becca, you've been living in a village for nearly fivc years now Whal macle you move to !he counlrysicle? R: f suppose my pr·iorities had e hanged wilh age \,\/hen I [i rst wen l to Lonclon, I usecl lo !ove Lhe hustle and buslle of the place But then J gracl ually becamc m ore aware o[ Lhe planes roaring overhcad, car ho1·ns beeping all the Lime, music blal'ing o ul a t strange hours [ neeclecl a break I: G1·cg, can sec you're smiling G: Yes I rcmember when I fi rst moved out w ilh 111v íamily, we a li found il a lillle too quiet But we quickly gol usecl to il, a ncl now we prefe,· livi ng wilh less noisc We also like Lhe íacl that vou don'L have to worry about Lhe kids so much if they go off on their 0\.Vn R : Hrnm , l'm no! so sure Some peoplc d rive like maniacs o n lhese narrow roads I have to keep a really close eye on 111y lwo young kids a ncl make sure they don'L wa ncler off too íar G: Well, we're lud.-y enougb lo have very good neig hbours in the village Eve1vone looks out fo r evervone elsc, ·ancl someone will so01i tell vou ¡(' your kids a1·e in clanger, or doing sornet hing Lhey s houldn'L be cloing R: Yes, you can't anything in a village w iLhoul _vmn· neigh bours knowing about it But Lhat's good, Lhough Il's like havin g a big extended family I: \,Vhat aboul lhe amenities where you live? G: The basics are wi thin walking distance from us; the schoo l, thc shops, even a couple of tennis couns R : l ca1ú say the same, unío1·t una tcly Being a ble to pop oul Lo the shops w hen you necd something is one o í the Lhings I miss a boul living in Lhe ci ty We have to gel Lhe car oul jusl to go ami buy a loaí o [ b read And you really neecl to be able to clrive to live w here we Evervon e in Lhe vill age relics on the ir car;° Lhe bu s sen,ice is jusl too infrequenl G: It's be tter than nol having onc a l alJ We're aclua lly l rying to gel Lhe local aut hor ilies to put on al least one bus a day, parlicularly for the older residen ts who don't have a ca1· ancl w ho somel imes need lo go in to town R: Yes, ancl r'm aclua lly wonclering how my two are going to Find il w hen they become teenage1·s They'll wanl to go into Lown, Loo Thcy'll probably complai n oí borcdom a ncl wan t us to go and live in Lhe city again G: And who can blame them? l know a l that age T would have been bored o ut of rny mind! No cinemas , no decenl shops, no cafés lo s il in, no d iscos lo go lo I: Do vou think e il her Í vou will ever go ,~nd live in the cily ,;gain'J G: Naturally, I'd preíer to slay in lhe village and wo rk al home rnlher lhan a nine-Lo-íive job in an officc have m y computer, c mail and lhe phone a ncl a woncleríul working environ men l H owever, anylhing can happen and we'd be preparccl lo move back to Lonclon if wc íell it was to our advantage I: Rebecca, how aboul you ? R: l'll be going back LO work jusi as soon as my you nges l c hild starls sc hool Seplembcr or nexl ycar, in íacl Obviously l've tboughl aboul il a lot, and the fac t Lhal living whcrc l now will mean spcncli ng Lwo hours d1·iving to ancl from work everv dav Bul l'd ther d o tha l than go back 10 living in Lhe cily I: Well , thank vou íor bolh com ing ali that way lo speak lo us today Wc'll have a break [or mus ic now and then Unit 1.47- 1.54 Part 1: Multiple choice You overhcar this 111an talking about the hotel w here he is staying We rea lly clid n't expect th is We 1ho11gh1 i1'd h e the Lypical econonw typc h o tel You know, nolhing special, jusl a bed, a wardrobe a nd a shower in the room if' you're lucky Well, we were absolutct'v arnazecl bv Lhe en su ile bathrom,;, J can te ll you Il's twice the size oí ours al home And as for the view ÍTorn lhe balconv, iL's un bcl ievab le We reallv can't com pla in Listen to this woman ta lking aboul a job she h as a ppl ied íor a ncl I thin k tha l although my experience running a restaurnn l ma)' not seem verv re levanl, iL's st ill a peoplc-orienÍaLecl job l a m definitely a p eople person T like clealing wilh the public So whether it's lislening lo c ustomers and giving them aclvice on lhe bes! places lo go, or Lalking on the phonc Lo tour operators and trying Lo get the besl cleal, I Lhink J'cl be well su ited to thc job I have goocl people skills and I think that's a n importanl s lre ngth You hear a wo man Lalking to a tour gu ide T =Tour guide W =Woman T: Are you su re vou had il when you lefl th e hotel? W:Pos iti ve l dicl,ú wan l l.o bri ng it bul my husbancl macle me pul iL in my bag He said you s houlcl never leave ~rou r money or you r passporl in your room Ancl then w hen we were having a drink and I wenl to pay, il had gone Somcone must have pullecl it oul of m v bag w hen l wasn't look ing 11 hacl nw credit carcls in il and everything Listening scripts T: Jt's a goocl job your passport wasn't in it, too We'll have to report it straight ª\\'ªY· You overhear a 111an talking a boul a place he triecl to visit on ho liclay We we nt Lhe re because we wantecl to see thc s laincd glass windows Thcy say Lhcy'rc among thc fincst in Europe ancl the colours a,·e supposed to be incrcdible when Lhe sun shines through the111 Unfortunate l.v, we cou ld n'L go in because we we,-en'L propcrly drcsscd - they won't lcl you in if you're wearing shorl trousers And the nex t 111orning when we went back il was Easte,- Sunday So of course, wc couldn'L ge l Lo the part where the w inclows are because there was a special service Listen to this conversation bctwcen a man ancl a lecnage boy M = Man B = Boy M: Yes, yow· s kin is quite baclly burnt How lo ng were you out in the sun ro,-? B: About an hour, 111aybe lt was a fter lunc h ancl I ldl aslcep o n the beach M: Do vou have any othc1· symptoms dizzi ncss, a lcrnpcrnlure? B: No, it jus t really hurts M: Well, it docsn't souncl likc sunstroke This crearn s houlcl take awav the sting, but if vou s tart Lo feel ·sick or clizzy, gel yoursclr Lo a doc tor straigbt away B: Thanks How much l owc you'? M: 1'11 jusl c hec k One sccond You hea1· a local residcnl talking aboul tourisls in her lown l s houlcln't co rnplain 1·e ally l mean, thc whole economv of this lown is basecl on tou risrn ancl if they sloppecl corning, the n a lot of peoplc would be out of work ancl on tbe clolc Bul Ido wish thcy'cl s how a littlc mo re respcct There a re a lo t of them who have music bla,·ing out oí their ca,-s cluring the clay, ancl then a l night vou gel big groups com ing into the cen Lt·e for Lhe pubs and clubs And they clon'L seem lo carc that wc can't slccp with thcm making s ucl1 a rac ket Mosl of Lhem clrunk, l shoulcln't woncler You hea r Lhis boy ta lking to his mother B = Boy M = Mother B: Where a,·e we going? M: Well, we pickecl up a leallct fo,- a nature park jusl outs idc the lown They've gol a li sorts or wilcl animals ancl you can clrive lhrough ancl sec them in lheir natural habilal ll looks very goocl B: But you saicl wc werc go ing to lhc Ac¡ua Park M: We can't go in Lhis wealhci- Ancl besicles, vou,· fathe r ancl l wan t to someth ing el iffc,·en t B: But that's nol fair You can't jus t change your mincl like that M : Don't be seWsh, Steven It's our lurn toclay You hear a man talking about a beach h e recently visitecl Now, normally l prefe r a beach with fine sand, you know, so it's not painful to w alk on This one, though, hacl small stones - well, more Jike pebbles, a ctually - ancl I clon't remember the brochure saying anvLb ing about that But anyway, we bought ow·sclvcs a pair of flip-fl ops each at one of the s hops nexl to the beach, so that didn't maucr too muc h And tben we spenl most o[ our time thcrc lying abou t in thc water ll was just like bei ng in a warlll bath I coulcl have stayecl Lhe re a li clay Unit ~ 1.55- 1.59 Part 3: Multiple matching Speaker Thcrc's a cycle path that goes righ t round the city, ancl va rious s horter ones within it No~v thesc paths are up on the pavement rathe,- tha n in the roacl, so it's pe destrians, not motor·ists, tha l havc to be cardul thev clon't wanclcr onlo thcm Peopl e have g~t usecl to lhe circu lar path ancl they genernlly kccp o ff il w hen they're walk ing a long Bu t it's the ones in Lhe c ity ce ntre thal cause mosl proble ms, ancl it's h e1-c Lhe authorities coulcl more to inform peclestria ns, to make them mvare oí how it works Eve1-y clay cycle to work ancl eve,-y day J gel s houted al bv pcoplc who s till havcn't caught on that it's me that has right of way, nol them Speaker Mine's a folcl ing bi ke, sol gel off t he train, pul on mv he lmet a ncl heacl for th c officc l could lakc thc bus or- thc undergrouncl, but Lhc re's no pleasure in thal - thcy both gel so crnwclcd On the bike I fee l the wincl in my face ancl a sense Lbat the city's mine - I cango w her·e I want, when I want can even gel up on the pavemen t and jump LralTic lights or go the wrnng way clown oneway sl1-cets Ancl of COUI-SC, cycling is jusl so healthv - J've never fe lt [itte r Sorne sa y it's ri~ky too, but I fine! motoris ts le;,cl to go ,\1ore care lülly when cyclists are arouncl Speaker Ayear or two ago, sorneon e in thc town hall carne up w ith a nice idea to promote cycl ing in Lhe c itv On the rirs l Sunclay in cvcry month, a number o [ thc main streets ·in the centre are closecl to traffic for two hours and given over to bicycles It's graclually grown in popularity, and the re's a real festi val atmosp he re now, with thousancls of cyclisls o[ ali ages lurning out every montb lt's a start, ancl it's cc1-tain ly hclpcd lo ge l pcoplc oul o n the ir b ikes Bul the re's still a long way lo go We neecl a whole series o f aclclitional m easures to makc our roads lllore cyclefriend\y Speaker Some times you come across sorne really nasty drivers in thc cily l can be cycling along, minding m y own bus iness, when some car or van comes right up close to me, almost Louc hing my back w heel It's really dangerous - sometimes I lose my balance and ncarly fall o fT ll sccrns to be worsc in thc cvcning !'ve got my bike lights, my luminous cycl ing jackel, m y re flective cycle clips - so they can see m e ali r ight But they seem to ,-esenl Lhe fact th at I'rn Lhere They think th cy own the road and they gel impatie nt if they have to slow clown for me I gel becped ancl s houtecl al a li the Lime - it's very unpleasanl Speaker Cycling here is mo re a recreat io nal activity Lhan a mcans of transporl Pcoplc don't gcncrally use a bikc to gel about lhe city The re isn't Lha t cu ltu re Thev'll mavbe rent one in one or the b ig celllrai parks, or go 011 the cycle palh tha t runs alongside the rive,· Bul they won't use a bi ke to gel rrom A to B or Lo go to a ncl rrom work It's notan attractive option, really, give n the qualily of the a ir h ere We'1-c in the middlc of a hugc inclusti-ia l area, ancl many peclestrians wear face masks So people are harclly li kely Lo expose Lhe mselves to more danger by cycling in amongst the tra!Tic Unit 1.60 Part 4: Multiple choice A = Alan Stanford I = Interviewer I: In the Talkahout s tuclio toclay we have a ghosl walk guide Local man Ala n S tanro1-d takes grnu ps or pcoplc round thc town on guidecl tours, Lelling ghost stories aboul the historie buildings which are said to be haunted Sounds like an in leresting job, Alan A: Oh, it is , it's fasci nati ng !'ve been a tour gu icle bdore but moslly abroacl ancl never here in mv own home town woulcln't calf myself a n ex pert, but l've learn t qu ite a lot a boul our local h istory since I sta rted cloing this a couple or yea,-s ago Plus, of course, I ge l to dress up a ncl tcll lots o f ghost stor ics Acting and s torytell ing have always becn in my bloocl, so l'm really just cloing what comes naturally to m e, l have a grcat time I: Ancl how a boul those who actuallv go on the tou rs? Do they gel írighlenecl? A: Well, obviously Lhcse are ghost walks, so it woulcln't be muc h fun if there wasn't a b it oí fear involved Not Loo much, of cou rse - we oflen havc chi lclren in the groups, so we bave to be carcful But pcoplc expect to be scarccl, ancl they'cl be clisappointecl if they weren't, so we a im at least Lo give the m goose burnps, ancl perhaps even a litlle ÍTight - after which they all laugh nervously and c njoy the rclcase of lcnsion 229 Listening scripts I: And how you achieve thal, giving them a fright? A: Well, the mark o[ a goocl storyteller is the abilitv Lo holcl an a uclience's allention, a"ncl thaL's no! too hard Lo when !he subjecl is ghosts You take Lhe listene1~s in to your confidence, create the righL moocl, rnake them feel sa[e wi th you T hen, just at Lhe dghl moment, when they'1-e least expecting it, you change the tone, give a shoul or let out a scream And they nearly jurnp out of thei1· skin! I: Right, yes And cloes il work every time? A: Well , it cloes with most audiences, people who've been thinking aboul the ghosL walk ali day, rnaybe ali week, wonclering what's going Lo happen These people usually respond extremely well Sorne of tbe groups we gel, tboug h, come along as parl of a surprise evenl People like these haven't had time to re flect on wha t thcy'1-e com ing to, Lhey haven't been given thc c hance lo look forwarcl to il, ancl the cffccl isn'L the sarne They do1ú norn1ally have such a goocl lime, uníorlunatcly I : You menlionecl dress ing up before Do you Lhe ghosl walks in character? A: Yes, Ancl T have differenl costumes for different c haracters - Lhere's Lo rd Warwick, a wealthy noble, the olcl sea clog Jake Reclb~1rn, John S impkins, who's a servan! none oí Lhcm real, of coLn-sc - they're ali ficL itious The choice of character play o ften clepends on the route we take and the s tories to be told, or also perhaps how I'm [eeling that night and the type o f a uclience T'm expecting As with ali acting, il adcls a sense oF trulh Lo the w hole thing, makes it more credible So tbe audience becornes e ngagecl in !he tour and rcsponds in a more posi ti ve, sometimes more frig htened way I: One queslion, have to ask you, Alan Do you believe in ghosts? A: Regrettably, I have to say that I haven't seen any on the walks, or had any oLher paranormal experiences to impress you wilh Sorne people in my a udiences sa_v Lhey have, ancl so bave sorne oí my friends, and l wouldn'l ciare dispute Lhal or suggest they'1·e imagining lhings Ghosls are real fo r Lhose pcople who say thcy've seen them, and w bo am I to s uggesl they haven't? The mosl can say is that I have no pe rsonal evidence they cxisl I : And of the stories thal you tell on yow· ghosl walks, you have a favouriLe? A: We ll, parlicu larly like s toi-ies wb ich involve sme lls that some buildings are saicl to g ive oll when ghosls are around I don't wanl Lo givc away loo much here on the prngmmme, but the one J enjo_v telling mosl of a li is about 230 an old woman called Sally Hardcastle, who haunts lhe town hal l When she appears every now and again, the place absolutely stinks Now al fi rsl., sorne peoplc thoughl it was a prob lem wilh the rubbisb, bul if you want Lo fi nd out Lhe real reason: you'II have LO come along on the ghosl walk I: Oh! We'1-e curious now, Alan And, if you are intcrestecl in going on a ghost walk wi tb Alan Unit 1.61 Part 2: Sentence completion 1-fi, l'm Sally Hurst and I've just got back rrom Ai-izona, where I spenl two weeks in Lhe Superstition Mountain Range, near Phoenix lt's an area known to many people fo1· its luxury golf courses, and those who can affonl iL go there to play golf in a deserl setting But il also altracts enthusiasts of more ener getic outdoor activities like rock cl imbing or mounlai n biking And f was lucky enough to go hiking w hen I was the1-c There are miles or paths and the scenery is absolutely spectacu la r 'IL's a bi t hot there, tho ugh, isn'L it'?', sorne or m y fri en ds have askecl Well, it depends w·hen you go It's earlv spi-ing now, of course, ancl that's fine \,Vinler and aulumn a re also OK bu! certainJy wouldn't a clvise go ing the,·c in summe,: - whalever thc reason for your visit Tcmperatures can reach up to 45 degr