An acoustic phonetic approach to teaching problematic english consonants to improve vietnamese learners english speaking skill m a 60 14 10

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS & LITERATURE AN ACOUSTIC PHONETIC APPROACH TO TEACHING PROBLEMATIC ENGLISH CONSONANTS TO IMPROVE VIETNAMESE LEARNERS’ ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILL Submitted to the Department of English Linguistics & Literature in partial fulfillment of the Master’s degree in TESOL By LE TAN PHUOC Supervised by NGUYEN HUYNH ĐAT, M.A HO CHI MINH CITY, October 2011 i To my deceased parents and godfather ii CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINITY I certify my authorship of the thesis submitted today entitled: AN ACOUSTIC PHONETIC APPROACH TO TEACHING PROBLEMATIC ENGLISH CONSONANTS TO IMPROVE VIETNAMESE LEARNERS’ ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILLS In terms of the statement of Requirements of the Thesis In the Master’s Degree Program issued by the Higher Degree Committee Ho Chi Minh City, October 2011 LE TAN PHUOC iii RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, LÊ TẤN PHƯỚC, being the candidate for the degree of Master of TESOL, accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Master’s Thesis deposited in the library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the Library should be accessible for purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Library for the care, loan and reproduction of theses Ho Chi Minh City, October 2011 LE TAN PHUOC iv ACK NOWL EDGEM ENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Nguyen Huynh Dat, M.A at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, for his precious assistance, instruction and encouragement during the period of time this study was being carried out In addition, I am also indebted to him for his valuable materials on which I based to carry out my thesis I must express my thanks to Ms Pham Thi Ngoc Hoa, M.A at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, who spent a lot of her time teaching acoustic phonetics and phonology to me and giving me valuable advice I am also grateful to Dr Dang Thi Huong, EdD and Dr Le Hoang Dung, Ph.D at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities helped me to adjust and correct my thesis Many thanks go to the authors for the ideas that I quoted in this thesis Their books and CDs or CD-ROMs are valuable sources for me to write this thesis Apart from these, I am grateful to 10 teachers and eighty-five in-service students at LTHG English In-service Training Division and PVC English In-service Training Division in Ho Chi Minh City who participated seriously in the study so that the thesis could be completed I also would like to express my thanks to Ms Nguyen Ngoc Thuy who helped me to grade my student subjects’ oral tests and Mrs Nguyen Thi Phuoc Thien for her help and encouragement Last but not least, I not forget to thank my uncle my cousin sisters and brothers for their support and care Ho Chi Minh City, October 2011 v LE TAN PHUOC ABSTRACT This study focuses on applying an acoustic phonetic approach to teaching problematic English consonants to improve Vietnamese learners’ English speaking skill The subjects are the in-service students of two classes located at LTHG Vocational High School and PVC Primary School Both the LTHG English In-service Training Division and the PVC English In-service Training Division belong to the University of Social Sciences and Humanities – Vietnam National University of Ho Chi Minh City The “Received Pronunciation” is used as an official standard accent for comparison and grading The questionnaires, the diagnostic oral test and the achievement oral tests are used to find out the student subjects’ problematic English consonants and their progress As for the two oral test, they are analyzed by two methods (auditory phonetics and acoustic phonetics) First, the oral-test recordings are graded by the so-called auditory phonetic grader Second, the recordings are analyzed by the Praat software and then are marked by the so-called acoustic phonetic grader The grading is based on the mean F1 and F2 frequencies, voicing and kinds of English consonants According to both quantitative and qualitative data, the four English consonants which cause the most difficulty for the student subjects are the English fricatives /~/, /2/ and the English affricates /t~/, /d 2/ After the analysis of the teachers’ questionnaires, the student subjects’ questionnaires and the diagnostic oral test, the teaching strategies are designed to help the subject students to overcome their difficulties This thesis finds out the Vietnamese consonants that the student subjects often used to substitute for the English consonants /~/, /2/, /t~/, /d 2/ and the positions of each English sounds they have difficulty with Not only that, the mean F1 and F2 frequencies of the student subjects are also measured and analyzed vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No Certificate of originality …………………………………………………………… … iii Retention and use of the thesis …………………………………………… ….……… iv Acknowledgements ………………………………………………………… …….v Abstract ……………………………………………………………………… ……vi Table of contents ………………………………………………………………….….….vii Abbreviation and symbols ……………………………………………… ……….….….xi List of tables ……………………………………………………………………………xii List of figures…………………………………………………………………………….xv Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study …………………………………………………………01 1.2 Aims of the study ……………………………………………………….……….03 1.3 Research questions……………………………………………………………… 04 1.4 Significance of the study………………………………………………………….04 1.5 Limitations and delimitations…………………………………………………… 05 1.6 Organization of the study…………………………………………………………06 Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definitions of terms ………………………………….……………………………07 2.2 Speech sounds………………………………………………… ………………….08 2.3 Articulatory features………………………………………….…………… …….09 2.3.1 Voicing…… …………………………………………………………………… 09 2.3.2 Manner of articulation…………….……………………………………………….10 2.3.3 Place of articulation……………………………………………………………… 11 2.4 Acoustic features……………………………………………………………… 14 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an vii 2.4.1 The English fricatives…………………… …………………………………….14 2.4.1.1 The voicing of English fricatives …………………………………….……… 15 2.4.1.2 The manner of articulation of the English fricative………………….…… ……16 2.4.1.3 The place of articulation of the English fricatives………………………….……17 2.4.2 The English affricates………………………………… …………………….…18 2.4.2.1 The voicing of the English affricates……………………………….……………18 2.4.2.2 The manner and place of articulation of the affricates………………………… 20 2.5 The consonant clusters……………………………………………………… …21 2.5.1 Definition of consonant clusters……………………………………… ……….21 2.5.2 Common consonant clusters go with /~/, /2/, /t~/ and /d 2/…………………….….21 2.6 Mother tongue’s interference on language acquisition…… ……………… ….23 2.6.1 The theoretical background ………………………………………………….….23 2.6.2 The Vietnamese consonants affect the students’ acquisition of the English /~/, /2/, /t~/ and /d 2/…………………………………………… …25 2.7 Summary …………………………………………… ………………………….26 Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Approach and methodology……………………………………….……….… …27 Materials and instruments ……………………….………….………………… 28 3.3 Subjects………………………………………………………………… ……… 29 3.4 Establishing the mean English frequency database …………………………….…33 3.4.1 Sound origins…………………………………………………… ……………… 33 3.5 The process of sound recording, filtering and decoding …………… …………34 3.5.1 The process of sound recording and filtering…………………………………… 34 3.5.2 The results of sound decoding…………………………………………………… 34 3.6 Criteria for grading……………………………………………………………… 39 3.7 Procedure of data collection……………………………………………………….40 3.7.1 Getting started…………………………………………………………………… 40 3.7.2 Experimental teaching…………………………………………………………… 40 3.7.3 Testing the student subjects’ achievement oral test……………………………….41 3.7.4 Data collection…………………………………………………………………….41 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an viii 3.8 Data analysis……………………………………………………………………… 41 3.9 Summary………………………………………………………………………… 42 Chapter 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 The results of the teachers’ questionnaires.… ………………… …….……… 43 4.2 The results of the student subjects’ questionnaires ……………… ……51 4.3 The results of the diagnostic oral tests……………………………………… …60 4.3.1 The results of the auditory phonetics diagnostic oral test………….………… …60 4.3.2 The results of the acoustic phonetics diagnostic oral test…………………….……61 4.4 The results of the achievement oral test……………………………… … …….67 4.4.1 The results of the auditory phonetic achievement oral test…….… … ….… …67 4.4.2 The results of the acoustic phonetic achievement oral test….……… ………….67 4.5 Testing the two hypotheses………………………………………… ……… ….73 4.5.1 Results from the diagnostic and achievement oral tests……….….…… ……… 73 4.5.2 Results from the positional mistakes…………………………… …… …….… 75 4.5.3 Results from the mean F1 and F2 frequencies………………………… ……… 77 4.6 Summary……………………………………….………………….….……………81 Chapter 5: SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Summary of the findings…………………………………………………………….82 5.2 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………… 83 5.3 Suggestions…………………… ……………………………………………………84 Biography……………………………………………………………………….…… …88 Appendix 1:………………………………………………………………………………95 Appendix 2:………………………………………………………………………………97 Appendix 3:…………………………………………………………………………… 99 Appendix 4:…………………………………………………………………………… 101 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an ix Appendix 5:………………………………………………………………………… …104 ABBREVIATIONS and SYMBOLS Hz : Hertz HCMC : Ho Chi Minh City F : Formant Fig : Figure NVA : Northern Vietnamese Accent L : Language LTHG : Le Thi Hong Gam PVC : Pham Viet Chanh RP : Received Pronunciation USSH : The University of Social Sciences and Humanities Vs : Versus Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 97 Full name: ………… Appendix 2: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENTS Dear Students, This questionnaire aims at collecting data for a research entitled “An Acoustic Phonetic Approach to Teaching Problematic English Consonants to Improve Vietnamese Learners’ English Speaking Skill” I would be grateful to you if you could answer the following questions Your answers would be the great contribution to the success of my research I promise that your information will be served for the research purpose only, and it will be completely kept unknown to the public Please help me by ticking in the boxes or write in the space provided PART 1: PERSONAL INFORMATION Your age: over 18-25 26-30 Sex: male female How long have you been learning English? 1- 5-7 -10 31-35 40 - 45 over 50 more than 10 years PART 2: ACADEMIC INFORMATION Which regions in Vietnam does your Vietnamese accent sound like? Northern accent [Ha Noi, Ha Bac (Bac Ninh, Bac Giang), Vinh Phu (Vinh Phuc, Phu Tho), Ha Son Binh (Ha Tay, Hoa Binh), Hai Hung (Hai Duong, Hung Yen, Hai Phong), Thai Binh, Ha Nam Ninh, Quang Ninh] North central coast accent [Thanh Hoa, Nhge An, Ha Tinh, Binh Tri, Thua Thien Hue] South central coast and southern accent [Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan and southern provinces] Although you have already taken the pronunciation course, you still have difficulty pronouncing a number of English sounds? Totally agree Partially agree Neither agree or disagree Partially disagree Totally disagree What kinds of consonants you need to help to improve your speaking skill? Oral stops Nasal stops Fricatives Affricates LateralApproximants /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /m/ /n/ /7/ /f/ /v/ /8/ /5/ /s/ /z/ /~/ /2/ /h/ /t~/ /d2/ /l/ /w/ /r/ /j/ Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 98 Do you have difficulty with /~/ as in “she”, /2/ as in “garage”, /t~/ as in “chit” and /d2/ as in “judge” most? Totally agree Partially agree Neither agree or disagree Partially disagree Totally disagree Which position(s) of the English /~/, /2/, /t~/ and /d2/ you find difficult? In word-initial position In word-medial position In word-final position /~/ /2/ /t~/ /d2/ In learning ~/, /2/, /t~/ and /d2/, which of the following activities you like best? Please number your choice in descending order, indicating “like most”.) Practice in discrete sounds Practice in individual words Practice in word phrases Practice in individual sentence Practice in sentence contexts Others:……………………………………………………………………………………… 10 According to you, which of the following activities help to make your English consonant learning interesting and to improve your speaking skills effectively? Repeat after the recording Repeat after the teacher Play games Listen to English songs Other: …………………… 11 Do you have difficulty in practicing and speaking English words that includes consonant clusters containing /~r/, as in “shrink” /2d/, as in “garaged”, /t~/ as in “hitched” and /d2/ as in “judged”? Totally agree Partially agree Neither agree or disagree Partially disagree Totally disagree 12 In your opinion, is the correct pronunciation of the four consonants /~/, /2/, /t~/ and /d 2/ important to your communication skill in English? Yes No Please specify: …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 What have you done to overcome the difficulty to pronounce the English words, phrases and sentences containing /~/, /2/, /t~/ and /d2/? Please specify: …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… Thank you very much for your help! Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 99 Họ tên: ……… Appendix 3: PHIẾU KHẢO SÁT (Dành cho sinh viên) Chào anh/ chị, Phiếu khảo sát nhằm mục đích thu thập thơng tin để nghiên cứu với đề tài: “Cách tiếp cận ngữ âm học, học việc dạy phụ âm khó cho người Việt.” Xin anh / chị vui lòng trả lời câu hỏi sau Câu trả anh/chị dự liệu quan trọng, có ý nghĩa định thành công đề tài nghiên cứu Thông tin anh/chị sử dụng vào đích nghiên cứu, khơng thông tin cá nhân anh/chị bị tiết lộ PHẦN I: THÔNG TIN CÁ NHÂN Tuổi: 18-25 26-30 31-35 Giới tính: nam nữ Anh / chị học tiếng Anh đươc bao lâu? 1- 5-7 -10 40 - 45 over 50 10 năm PHẦN II: THÔNG TIN CHUYÊN NGÀNH Giọng anh/ chị giống vùng sau đây? Phương ngữ Bắc [Hà Nội, Hà Bắc (Bắc Ninh, Bắc Giang), Vĩnh Phú (Vĩnh Phúc, Phú Thọ), Hà Sơn Bình (Hà Tây, Hịa Bình), Hải Hưng (Hải Dương, Hưng n, Hải Phịng), Thái Bình, Hà Nam Ninh, Quãng Ninh] Phương ngữ Bắc Trung bộ[Thanh Hóa, Nhgệ An, Hà Tỉnh, Bình Trị, Thừa Thiên Huế] Phương ngữ Nam Trung Nam [Đà Nẵng, Quãng Nam, Quãng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hịa, Ninh Thuận, Bình Thuận tỉnh Nam Bộ] Anh/chị học qua lớp phát âm rồi, anh /chị cịn gặp khó khăn phát âm số âm tiếng Anh? Hoàn toàn đồng ý Đồng ý phần Khơng biết Khơng đồng ý hồng tồn Hồng tồn khơng đồng ý Những phụ âm tiếng Anh sau anh/ chị cần giúp đỡ để cải thiện kỷ nói? Oral stops Nasal stops Fricatives Affricates Lateral Approximants /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /m/ /n/ /7/ /f/ /v/ /8/ /5/ /s/ /z/ /~/ /2//h/ /t~/ /d2/ /l/ /w/ /r/ /j/ Có phải anh /chi gặp khó khăn nhiều với âm tiếng Anh /~/ chữ “she”, /2/ chữ “garage”, /t~/ chữ “chit” /d2/ chữ “judge”? âm tiếng Anh? Hồn tồn đồng ý Đồng ý phần Khơng biết Khơng đồng ý hồng tồn Hồng tồn khơng đồng ý Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 100 Anh/chị gặp khó khăn vị trí âm tiếng Anh /~/, /2/, /t~/ /t~/? Vị trí đầu từ Vị trí từ Vị trí cuối từ /~/ /2/ /t~/ /d2/ Trong luyện phát âm, anh/chị thích hoạt động sau đây? (Xin xếp theo thứ tự giảm dần, 1= thích nhất) Luyện riêng âm Luyện âm từ riêng lẻ Luyện âm cụm từ Luyện âm câu Luyện âm ngữ cảnh Hoạt động khác:…………………………………………………………………… 10 Theo anh/ chị, hoạt động sau giúp luyện phát âm sinh động để cải thiện kỷ nói anh chị? Lập lại theo băng, đĩa Đọc lại theo giáo viên Chơi trò chơi Nghe hát Hoạt động khác: ………………………………………………………………………… 11 Có phải anh /chị gặp khó khăn với tổ hợp phụ âm tiếng Anh có chứa /~r/ chữ “shrink”, /2d/ chữ “garaged”, /t~t/ chữ “hitched” /d2d/ chữ “judged”? Hoàn tồn đồng ý Đồng ý phần Khơng biết Khơng đồng ý hồng tồn Hồng tồn khơng đồng ý 12 Theo anh/chị, việc phát âm xác phụ âm /~/, /2/, /t~/ /t~/ có quan trọng trình giao tiếp tiếng Anh khơng? Có Khơng Xin cho biết lý do: …………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 13 Anh/chị làm để khắc phục việc phát âm phụ âm /~/, /2/, /t~/ /t~/ từ, cụm từ câu tiếng Anh? Xin cho biết lý do: …………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………… Xin cám ơn cộng tác, giúp đỡ anh/chị nhiều! Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 101 Appendix 4: The Student Subjects’ Grades Class: C001 Address: Le Thi Hong Gam school, at 147 Pateur, Ward 6, Dist 3, HCMC Full name 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 32 33 34 35 36 Diagnostic test Auditory Acoustic Total phonetics phonetics Trần Ngọc Bích Nguyễn Thủy Hương Giang Nguyễn Thị Mỹ Hằng Hồ Thị cẩm Hương Phạm Thái Hồng Hạnh Huỳnh Thị Thu Hồng Lê Thị Diễm Hồng Dương Thị Kim Hướng Ngô Thị Hoa Nguyễn Kiều Khanh Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh Nguyễn Đức Mạnh Nguyễn Phương Ngân Nguyễn Kim Ngân Trẩn Thị Thúy Nga Trẩn Phương Thanh Nhã Châu Phụng Nhi Lý Sương Nhi Phan Yến Nhi Bùi Kim Oanh Hà Thị Minh Phương Nguyễn Thanh Phương Bùi Viết Thanh phong Lê Kim Sa Ngô Ngọc Tân Nguyễn Thụy Phương Than Trẩn Thị Kim Thoa Phạm Thị Mỹ Thuận Lê Phan Thị Thu Thùy Bùi Dương Thu Thủy Dương Ngọc Thủy Trẩn Ngọc Bảo Trân Trẩn Thị Mai Trang Huỳnh Thị Tú Trinh Đặng Thị Tuyết Lâm Bích Uyên 4 7 6 5 6 7 6 4 5 7 6 5 4 6 6 6 5 Achievement Test Auditory Acoustic Total phonetics phonetics 4 3.5 7.5 6.5 5.5 4.5 4.5 3.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 4.5 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 6 8 7 6 7 7 7 6 7 6 6 5 7 7 6 6 7 7 6 7 5.5 5.5 5.5 7.5 6.5 5.5 6 6.5 6.5 7.5 7 6.5 5.5 5.5 4.5 7.5 7 5.5 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 102 37 38 39 40 Huỳnh Như ý Lê Thị Kiệt Trần Minh Nhật Nguyễn Hữu 4 5 4.5 4.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 Grader 1: Ms Nguyen Ngoc Thuy Grader 2: Mr Le Tan Phuoc Class C002: Pham Viet Chinh St., Dist 1, HCMC Full name 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 32 32 Diagnostic test Auditory Acoustic Total phonetics phonetics Nguyễn Thúy An Nguyễn Thị Bắc Nguyễn Đỉnh Chung Lê Thị Diễm Hổ Thị Mỹ Duyên Nguyễn Hồng Hà Phan Thanh Hai Nguyễn Thị Hoa Ngơ Văn Lập Lê Hồng Lan Nguyễn Thanh Liêm Nguyện Ngọc Trúc Linh Lê Nguyễn Minh Loan Phùng Thị Loát Đỗ Thanh Long Dương Thị Ánh Nguyệt Nguyễn Thị Huỳnh Như Lê Thị Oanh Trần Thị Châu Phoa Lê Vũ Phong Phan Thị Thanh Phương Nguyễn Huỳnh Tú Phương Nguyễn Thị Phứng Nguyễn Thị Vương Quyên Nguyễn Thị Anh Thư Lưu Đức Mai Lê Thị Vân Anh Huỳnh Thị Hồng Hồ Thị Kiều Linh Phan Hoàng Lệ quyên Nguyễn Minh Tâm Trần Thị Phương Thanh 6 5 6 6 5 6 4 7 7 6 5 6 5 6 5 4 6 Achievement Test Auditory Acoustic Total phonetics phonetics 6.5 5.5 4.5 5.5 5 6 5.5 5.5 6.5 4.5 5.5 5.5 4 4.5 6.5 6.5 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 6 6 6 7 8 7 7 7 8 7 7 6 7 8 6 7 8 5.5 5.5 5.5 7 4.5 6.5 6.5 7 6.5 7.5 4.5 6.5 8.5 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 103 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 Lâm Thị Kim Thanh Nguyễn Xuân Thảo Ngô Xuân Thảo Huỳnh Quốc Thiện Đặng Thị Ngọc Thoa Lâm Minh Thức Đào Thị Ngọc Thu Nguyễn Như Thủy Trương Mỹ Trân Trần Thị Thanh Tuyền Đinh Ngọc Bảo Vân Nguyễn Thị Thanh Vân Chử Thị Thu Vân 4 5 6 4 5.5 4.5 6.5 4.5 4 5.5 Grader 1: Ms Nguyen Ngoc Thuy Grader 2: Mr Le Tan Phuoc Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 8 7 7 6 6.5 5.5 7.5 5.5 6.5 8.5 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 104 Appendix 5: THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ENGLISH /~/, /2/, /t~/ and /d2/ /~/ - In word-initial position chagrin, chalet, chamois, champagne, chanterelle, chanteuse, chaparral, chaperone, charabanc, chardonnay, charge d’affaires, charlatan, chassis, chateau, chauffeur, chauvinism, chauvinist, chef, chef-d’oeuvre, chichi, chiffon, chignon, shade, shackles, shadow, shadowy, shelf, shag, shagged, shaggy, shake, shakedown, shaken, shaker, shaky, shale, shall, shallot, shallow, shalt, shalom, sham, shaman, shamateur, shamba shamble, shambles, shambolic, shame, shamefaced, shameful, shameless, shaming, shammy, shamrock, shandy, Shanghai, Shangri-La, shank, shan’t, shanty, shape, shaped, shapeless, shapely, shard, sharecropper, shareholder, shareholding, shark, sharpen, sharpen, sharply, sharpshooter, shatter, shattered, shauri, shade, shave, shaver, shavings, shawl, Shawnee, she, she-button, sheaf, shear, shearwater, sheathe, shed she’d, she-load, sheen, sheepdog, sheepfold, sheepherder, sheepish, sheepskin, sheer, sheet, sheikh, Sheila, shekel, shelduck, shelf, shell, shellfire, shellfish, shelling, sheltered, shelving, sheng, shepherd, shepherdess, sherbet, sheriff, Sherlock Holmes, sherpra, sherry, sherwani, shia, shiatsu, shibboleth, shield, shift, shifter, shifter, shifty, shiitake, Shiite, shilling, shin, shimmer, shimmy, shindig, shine, shiner shingle, shingles, shin guard, shinny, Shinto, shintoism, shinty, shiny, ship, shipboard, shipbuilder, ship-owner, shipment, shipper, shipwreck, shipyard, shire, shirt, shirtsleeve, shirty, shit, shish kebab, shothot, shitty, shiver, shoal, shock, shocker, shock-headed, shock-horror, shocking, shocking, shockproof, shod, shoddy, shoe, shoebox, shoehorn, shoehorn, shoelace, shoeshine, shoestring, shonky, shoo, shoofly pie, shoot, shanty, shooting, shop, shopaholic, shoplifting, shoplift, shoplifter, shoplifting, share, short, shortage, shorten, shortfall, shorthand, shortlist, shortly, shorts, should, shoulder, shout, shanty, shove, shovel, shovelful, showcase, showdown, showmanship, showpiece, showplace, showroom, showtime, showy, shrapnel, shred, shredder, shrew, shrewish, shri, shriek, shift, shrike, shift, shrimp, shrill, shrimping, shrine, shrank, shrinkage, shrivel, shroud, shrubby, shrug, shrunken, shtetl, shtick, shtum, shuck, shudder, shuffle, shuffleboard, shufti, shun, shunt, shush, shut, shutterbug, shuttered, shuttlecock, sugar, sure - In word-medial position aberration, abnegation, abomination, abortion, absorption, abstraction, abstractionism, accreditation, accretion, achkan, actionable, action, addiction, addition, additional, ancient, anxious, apeshit, appellation, application, appreciate, appreciation, appreciative, apprehension, articulation, ashamed, ashen, association, associative, assure, astonishment, astonishing, attached, attention, auspicious, Australasia, backshift, beneficial, bergschrund, bidirectional, bishop, bishopric, bloodshed, bodacious, Bolshevik, brochure, broadsheet, brushwood, brushwork, brush, bullshit, bushel, bushfowl, bushman, bushmeat, bushwhack, bushwhacker, calculation, camshaft, cashless, cashmere, cashback, caution, cautionary, celebration, cession, Christian, citation, clinician, coalition, coercion, collection, Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 105 combination, commercial, commercialism, commission, commissionaire, commissioner, communication, compassion, compassionate, competition, complication, comprehension, concatenation, computational, computation, concentration, concessionaire, condition, conditional, conditioner, conditioning, confrontation, Confucian, confusion, congratulation, congregation, conjunction, connection, connotation, conscious, conscription, conscience, conservation, consideration, constitution, construction, consultation, consummation, contemplation, contortion, contortionist, contraception, contradiction, contraption, contribution, convection, convention, conversation, conversationalist, conversion, conviction, convolution, cooperation, coordination, conferential, couchette, counterfactual, courtship, crucial, crushing, cushion, cushy, decommission, decompression, decoration, dedication, deduction, deficiency, definition, deforestation, deformation, degeneration, degradation, demarcation, demonstration, denomination, denotation, dentition, denunciation, depreciate, depreciation, depression, deputation, derogation, desalination, destruction, detention, detoxification, devotion, devotional, dictation, dictatorship, dictionary, dietitian, differential, digestion, dimension, direction, discoloration, discretion, discrimination, discussion, dishwasher, dishwater, disinclination, dispensation, disproportion, disproportionate, disputation, dissertation, dissipation, dissociate, dissolution, dominion, duration, edition, education, efficiency, election, electioneering, emission, emotion, emotional, enshroud, entomology, erudition, special, essential, Englishman, establishment, estimation, evidential, evolution, evolutionary, exaggeration, exaltation, excavation, exception, exploitation, exploration, explosion, expostulate, expression, expressionism, expressionless, expulsion, extension, extortionate, extraction, extrajudicial, faction, factional, fascia, fascination, fascist, fashion, fashionable, Fibonacci series, concentration, financial, flagship, flasher, flashy, flirtation, flirtatious, foreshadow, foreshore, foreshorten, fortification, foundation, freshen, freshener, freshman, freshwater, friendship, fuchsia, function, functional, functionalism, geisha, gestalt, glacial, glocalization, gracious, gradation, graduation, gratification, gravitation, gravitational, gunship, gunshot, gusher, habitation, headship, H, high-pressure, hypercorrection, ignition, imitation, impassioned, impatient, impression, impressionable, impressionism, impressionist, improvisation, incarnation, inclination, incommensurable, incommensurate, incrustation, indentation, indexation, indication, indiscretion, indisposition, inefficient, inessential, infarction, infectious, inflationary, inflection, infomercial, information, initial, initialize, initiate, initiation, initiative, initiator, injection, innovation, impatient, inspection, inspiration, inspirational, installation, institution, institutionalize, institutional, instruction, instructional, insurance, insure, integration, intension, intentional, interjection, international, intimation, introduction, investigation, invitation, kinship, kosher, kwashiorkor, ladyship, lamentation, liberation, location, logician, lubricious, luscious, machination, machine, machinery, machinist, maharishi, makeshift, ministration, malfunction, malicious, malnourished, malnutrition, marsh, marshal, mash, meditation, membership, mendacious, menstruation, mention, meretricious, milkshake, miscalculate, misconception, miscegenation, misconstruction, misinterpretation, misshapen, modish, motion, motionless, national, nationalism, nationalist, Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 106 nationalize, nationwide, natural, nationalism, nature, natural, negotiation, negotiator, niche, nonchalant, nourishment, notion, notional, observation, obsession, obstruction, obstructionism, occupational, ocean, officialdom, officialese, offshoring, operation, opposition, option, ovation, overfishing, ovulation, ownership, perished, partial, partiality, partially, partition, partnership, passion, passionate, patience, patient, participation, penetration, penmanship, pension, pensionable, pensioner, perception, perdition, perforation, perfection, perfectionist, perish, perishable, perishing, perlocution, permission, permission, pernicious, permutation, permutation, perpetual, perpetuate, personification, perspicacious, petition, petitioner, plantation, pollution, population, position, positional, possession, potential, potentiality, potion, preciosity, precious, precipitation, precognition, preconception, preconscious, predestination, premeditation, preparation, preoccupation, preposition, prescription, presentation, probation, pressure, pretension, pretentious, preternatural, prevention, profession, professional, production, professionalize, proficient, prohibition, prohibitionist, promotion, promotional, promulgation, proportion, proportional, proportionality, proposition, propulsion, prosecution, prostitute, projection, protection, provincialism, provocation, publication, pugnacious, punishment, pusher, pushover, qualification, quotation, racial, ramification, ramshackle, rapacious, rapprochement, ratiocination, ration, national, rationale, rationalist, rationalize, rationalization, ravishing, reaction, reactionary, reafforestation, realization, reassurance, reassure, reception, recitation, recognition, recommendation, reconciliation, reconstruction, recrimination, redemption, reduction, reexamination, refreshing, refreshment, regeneration, regimentation, registration, recognition, regulation, reassurance, reissue, relationship, relaxation, remediation, remission, remuneration, rendition, renovation, reparation, repercussion, repetition, replenish, representation, repression, reduction, reputation, requisition, reschedule, reschedule, reservation, reshape, resignation, respiration, restriction, resumption, resurrection, retaliation, retardation, retraction, retribution, reverberation, reverential, reversion, revolution, revolutionary, rickshaw, ricochet, rotation, ructions, ruination, sachet, sacrificial, sagacious, salutation, salutation, sashay, sashimi, satisfaction, saturation, scattershot, schedule, scholarship, scrumptious, seamanship, secessionist, serration, sectional, sedation, sedition, segregation, selection, self-deception, self-destruction, self-examination, self-professional, sensation, sensational, sensationalize, session, sexual, simplification, simulation, shyster, squashier, squashing, social, socialist, socialistic, socialization, solution, spatial, specialist, special, specialty, specification, speculation, splashy, starvation, station, statistician, statue, stipulation, stratification, striation, stylishness, submission, subscription, substantial, substation, subvention, succession, submission, superannuation, superficial, superstition, superstitious, supplication, supposition, suppression, supranational, surreptitious, suspicion, suspicious, tarnation, temptation, tenacious, tissue, tradition, traditional, traditionalist, transformation, transition, translation, transmigration, transmission, transportation, trepidation, tribulation, unappreciated, unapproachable, undulation, unintentional, unofficial, unsure, unofficial, usher, usherette, variation, vasoconstriction, vasodilation, version, vibration, viewership, vigilante, visitation, Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 107 vituperation, vivacious, vocation, vocational, waggish, warship, washer , washable, washstand, washtub, watershed, wind machine, workshop, worship, worshipper - In word-final position: airbrush, air-dash, angelfish, approbation, ash, astonish, awash, balderdash, banish, bash, bearish, blemish, blench, brackish, brash, British, brownish, bulrush, bush, calabash, cash, childish, chinglish, churlish, Cornish, crash, crush, cuttlefish, dash, dervish, dish, distinguish, establish, fish, flash, flesh, flirtation, flush, extinguish, freakish, fresh, gosh, josh, kitsch, kittenish, largish, lash, lavish, mouthwash, mulish, nouvea riche, owlish, parish, plush, polish, publish, punish, purplish, push, putsch, radish, rakish, rash, ravish, refresh, relish, rubbish, rush, sagebrush, sharpish, selfish, shrewish, skittish, Spanish, squash, splash, squarish, starfish, stash, stylish, succotash, swordfish, Taoism, search, tarnish, thrash, ticklish, tigerish, trash, Turkish, vanish, wash, whitish, yiddish /2/ - In word-initial position: Genre, gigue, gendarme, je ne sais quuoi, joie de vivre - In word-medial position: vision, television, cohesion, casual, division, revision, conclusion, decision, illusion, envision, invasion, vernissage, incision, divisional, allusion, azure, bijou, bourgeois, casual, closure, collision, collusion, composure, conclusion, courgette, decision, derision, equation, extrusion, foreclosure, infusion, ingénue, intrusion, leisure, leisured, massage, measure, measurement, oblige, occasion, pleasure, prestige, provisions, regime, revision, revisionism, revisionist, seclusion, television, transfusion, usual, usually, usurer, vision, visionary - In word-initial position: Garage, beige, sabotage, ménage, prestige, precision, mirage, protege, photomontage, barrage, bon voyage, borage, camouflage, collage, décolletage, decoupage, espionage / t~/ - In word-initial position: chit, church, cheese, chair, chicken, chips, cheap, cheer, chink, chic, child, children, chief, chime, China, chimney, chad, charge, charity, charitable, chariot, charming, chafe, chaff, chaffinch, chain, chain-smoke, chair, chairlift, chalk, chairwomen, chairmanship, chairperson, chaise, chakra, challenge, challenger, challenging, chamber, chamberlain, chambermaid, chamfer, champ, champion, championship, chance, chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancer, chancery, change, changeable, changeless changeling, changeover, changer, channel, chant, chanter, Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 108 chantry, chapel, chapkan, chaplain, chaplaincy, chaplet, chapped, chapter, char, charge, chard, chargeable, charged, chargehand, charger, chargrill, chariot, charioteer, charitable, charity, charlady, charleston, Charlie, charm, charmer, charming, charmless, charred, chart, charter, chartered, chary, chase, chasten, chastise, chastity, chat, chatline, chattel, chatter, chatterbox, chav, cheap, cheapen, cheaply, check, cheat, checkbox, checker, checklist, checkmate, checkout, checkpoint, checksum, cheek, cheekbone, cheeky, cheer, cheerful, cheerio, cheerleader, cheerless, cheers, cheery, cheese, cheeseboard, cheesecake, cheesecloth, cheesy, cheetah, chick, chickadee, chickenpox, chickpea, chickweed, chickenshit, chico, chicory, chide, chief, chieftain, chigger, Chihuahua, chilblain, child, childbirth, childcare, childhood, childminder, childproof, chili, chill, chillax, chilli, chilling, chillout, chilly, chime, chimney, chin, china, Chinese, chink, chinglish, chinless, Chinook, chinos, chintzy, chip, chipper, chippy, chirpy, chisel, chit, chives, chivvy, choccy, chick-a-block, chocoholic, chocolate, choice, choke, choked, choker, chola, cholo, choose, chooser, choosy, chop, chopper, choppy, chopstick, chough, chow, Christmas, chub, chubby, chuck, chuckle, chug, chukka, chummy, chunk, chunking, chunky, church, churchgoer, churchwarden, churchy, churchyard, churidar, churlish, churn - In word-medial position: 36 kitchen, question, teacher, viniculture, acculturate, achievement, achieve, actual, actuality, actualize, acupuncturist, adventure, apache, approachable, backchannel, batchmate, beachwear, architecture, candidature, cappuccino, capture, caricature, catchy, century, chacha, clincher, coaching, cockchafer, detachment, encroach, eschew, estuary, etching, exhibition, expenditure, feature, fixture, fortune, gotcha, hatchback, hatchery, hatchway, honcho, horticulture, horticultural, horticulturist, hunchback, implicature, imposture, indigestion, conjecture, culture, departure, dogcatcher, drench, each, hitchhike, impetuous, impetuosity, ineffectual, infatuated, infatuation, intellectual, itchy, interchange, interchangeable, intercultural, approachable, ketchup, kitchen, kitchenette, la dolce vita, lecture, lecturer, lectureship, literature, lurcher, lychee, machismo, macho, manufacture, manufacturer, manufacturing, matchbook, matchless, matchstick, mature, merchandise, mischief, mixture, multicultural, overcharge, oystercatcher, pasture, patchouli, perchance, picture, picturesque, pistachio, poacher, perchance, postural, posture, posturing, premature, preternatural, punctual, punctuate, puncture, question, ranching, ratchet, rapture, raunchy, reachable, recharge, reproachful, restructure, retrenchment, revanchism, richly, ritual, ritualistic, ritualize, rupture, sanctuary, scratchy, sculpture, searchable, signature, snatcher, socio-cultural, spiritual, spiritualist, statuesque, statuette, stepchild, stricture, structure, substructure, supernatural, superstructure, surcharge, switchboard, teacher, textual, texture, tortoise shell, tortuous, tortured, touching, tremendous, trenchant, trencher, unchangeable, uncharitable, uncharted, unchristian, virtual, virtue, virtuosity, virtuoso, virtuous, viticulture, voluptuous, voucher, vouchsafe, watchful, watchband, washing, whichever Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 109 - In word-initial position: 41 approach, arch, bench, beach, bitch, bleach, branch, bunch, clutch, coach, crunch, detach, dispatch, etch, filch, French, hatch, hunch, hitch, goldfinch, inch, itch, ketch, lurch, March, match, mulch, munch, outreach, overmuch, overstretch, parch, Dutch, pitch, pouch, punch, ranch, reach, rematch, reproach, research, retch, retouch, retrench, rich, scratch, scrunch, search, sketch, skirmish, snatch, snitch, speech, squelch, stanchion, such, swatch, switch, teach, thatch, torch, touch, trench, vouch, watch, which, word-search, workbench, wrench / d2/ - In word-initial position: job, general, judge, June, jaw, just, justice, juvenile, juxtapose, gelatin, gelignite, geminate, gen, Gemini, gender, gene, genealogist, genealogy, generality, general, generalization, generalize, generate, generation, general, generator, generic, generosity, generous, genesis, genet, generic, geneticist, genetics, Geneva, genial, genie, genial, genitals, genitive, genius, genocide, genome, genotype, genteel, gentian, gentility, gentle, gentlefolk, gently, gentleman, gentlewoman, gentrify, gentry, genuflect, genuine, genus, geocentric, geography, geographic, geologist, geology, geomagnetism, geomancy, geometric, geometry, geophysics, geopolitics, Geordie, georgette, Georgian, geothermal, geranium, gerbil, geriatric, geriatrician, germ, German, germane, Germanic, germanium, germicide, germinate, gerontocracy, gerontologist, gerrymander, gerund, gestate, gestation, gesticulate, gesture, giant, giantess, gibber, gibberish, gibbet, gibbon, giblets, gigantic, gigantism, gin, ginger, giraffe, giro, gist, jab, jabber, jacaranda, jack, jackal, jackanapes, jackaroo, jackass, jackboot, jackdaw, jacket, jackfruit, jackhammer, jackknife, jack-o’-lantern, jackrabbit, Jack Robinson, jacksie, jackstraw, Jacobean, Jacobite, Jacuzzi, jade, jaded, jag, jagged, jaguar, jail, jailbait, jailbird, jailbreak, jailer, jailhouse, jain, jalopy, jam, jamb, jambalaya, jamboree, jammed, jammy, jangle, janitor, January, jap, jap, japonica, jar, jargon, jarhead, jasmine, jaundiced, jaunt, jaunty, javelin, jaw, jawan, jawbone, jawbreaker, jawline, jay, jaycee, jaywalk, jazz, jazzed, jazzy, jealous, jealousy, jeans, jeep, jeepers, jeer, jeez, Jehovah, jejune, jejunum, jell, jellied, jelly, jembe, jemmy, jenny, jeopardize, jeopardy, jeremiad, jerk, jerkin, jerky, jeroboam, jerry, jersey, Jerusalem, artichoke, Jessie, jest, jester, Jesuit, Jesus, jet, jetfoil, jettison, jetty, jetway, Jew, jewel, jeweled, jeweler, jewelry, Jewess, Jewish, Jewry, Jezebel, jib, jibe, jiffy, jig, jigger, jiggle, jigsaw, jihad, jiko, jilbab, jillaroo, jilt, Jim Crow, jim-jams, jimmy, jingle, jingo, jingoism, jink, jinks, jinx, jinxed, jism, jitterbug, jitters, jittery, jive, job, jobber, jobbie, jobbing, jobcentre, jobless, jobsworth, jock, jockey, jockstrap, jocose, jocular, jocund, jodhpurs, joe joey, jog, jogger, jogging, joggle, jogtrot, john, join, joiner, joint, joist, joker, joky, jokingly, jol, jollof rice, jolly, jolt, josh, joss stick, jostle, jot, jotter, jottings, joule, journal, journalese, journalism, journalist, journalistic, journey, journeyman, journo, joust, jove, jovial, jowl, joy, joyful, joyless, joyous, joypad, joyriding, joystick, JPEG, jua kali, jubilant, jubilation, jubilee, Judaism, Judas, judder, judge, judgment, judgemental, judicature, judiciary, judicious, judo, jug, jugful, jugged hare, juggernaut, juggle, juggler, jugular, juice, juicer, juicy, ju-jitsu, juju, jukebox, julep, Julian calendar, July, Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 110 jumble, jumbo, jump, jumpsuit, jumpy, junction, juncture, June, jungle, junior, junky, junkyard, junta, Jupiter, Jurassic, juridical, jurisdiction, jurisprudence, jurist, juror, jury, just, justice, justiciary, justifiable, justification, justified, justify, jut, jute, juvenile, juvenilia, juxtapose, juxtaposition, kejia, G - In word-medial position: agency, agenda, agent, agitate, agitation, agitator, ajar, apogee, apologetic, apologia, apologist, apologize, apology, badger, bargee, bargepole, biology, blackjack, budget, budgetary, bulging, bungee, burgeon, cagey, carriageway, charger, chronological, chronology, changer, clergy clergyman, collegiate, conjugation, conjunctivitis, conjure, conjugate, conjugal, conjoint, conjoin, conjure, contingent, dangerous, danger, decongestant, degenerate, degeneration, derangement, digest, digestion, diligence, discouragement, disillusion, disingenuous, division, divisional, dodgy, dowager, dredger, dudgeon, ecology, ecological, educate, Egyptology, Egyptologist, embryology, emergency, emergent, encouragement, endogenous, energize, engagement, engine, engineer, engineering, engender, engaging, enjoy, enjoyment, enlargement, enology, epistemology, estrogen, etymology, eugenics, evangelize, exaggerate, exchangeable, fibrinogen, fidget, fidgety, procedure, prodigy, projection, projectionist, futurology, futurologist, graduate, graduation, grudging, grungy, harbinger, hematology, hematological, hematologist, imagination, imagine, imaginer, imaging, imaginings, immunology, indulgence, ingenious, ingenuity, ingenuous, inject, injunction, injure, injury, inject printer, insurgency, intangible, integer, intelligence, intelligent, intercollegiate, interject, interjection, judgment, kidology, kilojoule, kinkajou, knowledgeable, largely, largess, laryngeal, laryngitis, ledger, legion, legionary, legislate, legionnaire, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature, legitimate, lodging, lodger, manager, manageress, margin, marginal, marginalia, marginalize, menagerie, merger, messenger, misjudgment, mortgage, mortgagee, mythology, negligible, negligent, negligence, negligent, negotiate, neurophysiology, ridge, objective, object, objection, estrogen, Ojibwa, paleontologist, passage, passenger, pathogen, pathogenesis, perjury, pharyngeal, phenomenology, phonology, phonological, physiology, pigeon, pigeonhole, pilgrimage, pillage, plagiarism, plagiarize, plunging, prejudice, prejudicial, prestigious, prodigy, progenitor, project, projection, projectionist, radiologist, raging, reagent, reflexology, refrigerate, refrigerator, refulgent, regenerate, regiment, region, regional, register, registrar, registry, rego, regurgitate, regurgitation, religion, religiosity, resurgent, rheumatology, sagebrush, savagery, scavenger, scientology, scrounger, seismology, seismologist, segregationist, segregation, sexology, sexologist, skulduggery, sociology, sociologist, sponger, spongy, squidgy, stodgy, suggest, suggestion, suggestive, surgeon, surgical, tangential, tangible, tautology, technology, tragedian, tragedy, tragic, tragicomedy, trichology, uncharged, undamaged, undercharge, underprivileged, unhygienic, umimaginable, unimaginative, urgent, vegeburger, vegetable, vegetal, vegetation, vegetarian, vegetate, vegetation, vegetative, veggie, vengeance, vengeance, vengeful, vestigial, villager, virgin, virginity, virology, volcanology, zoology, zoologist Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn