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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING 2019 – 2021(2) HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY ENGLISH LANGUAGE M.A THESIS GIVING AND RESPONDING TO COMPLIMENTS IN ENGLISH IN VALIDATION AND THE DEVIL WEARS PRADA (Nghiên cứu cách khen đáp lại lời khen tiếng Anh phim Validation The devil wears Prada) MAI THI THU DONG MAI THỊ THU DONG Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 HANOI – 2021 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS GIVING AND RESPONDING TO COMPLIMENTS IN ENGLISH IN VALIDATION AND THE DEVIL WEARS PRADA (Nghiên cứu cách khen đáp lại lời khen tiếng Anh phim Validation The devil wears Prada) MAI THI THU DONG Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 SUPERVISOR: DR TRAN THI LE DUNG HANOI – 2021 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “Giving and responding to compliments in English in Validation and The devil wears Prada” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2021 Mai Thi Thu Dong Approved by SUPERVISOR Date: 10/01/2022 i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS It has been a long journey for me to finish my thesis There are also many people who walked along with me to support and motivate me during the time of doing the research First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Ms Tran Thi Le Dung, Ph D., my supervisor, who has patiently and constantly supported me through the stages of the study, and whose stimulating ideas, expertise, and suggestions have inspired me greatly through my growth as an academic researcher My thanks also go to all my lecturers at Hanoi Open University for their precious knowledge which lay the foundation for this study, my colleagues and many others whose support and encouragement help me to have this thesis accomplished Last but not least, I am greatly indebted to my family and friends for their patience, endless love, and devotion Whatever choices I have made, they have always stood by me and believed in me I am immensely thankful for all the assistance they have given to me ii ABSTRACT Every human living in this world is created as a social creature He/she always needs other people in his/her society to fulfill his/her social needs In order to meet his/her social needs as a social creature, people have to be able to communicate or interact with the society To communicate, people need language which is one of tools of communication The use of language can be found in conversations Thus, conversation is a real form of language uses It is an exchange of words, sentences and many other expressions that happen when two or more people are involved in talking about a certain thing in a certain situation There are some many studies of famous theorists on kinds of speech act such as: making request, asking for permission, giving apology but not many of them focus on speech act of compliments This is also the interesting topic attracting the author’s interest because it requires a great deal of pragmatic insight by speakers and therefore are often rich with data that reveal the orientation of language learners Moreover, responding to compliments is vital to everyday communication In this study, the author would like to investigate the way people give and respond to compliments in English by analyzing compliments and their responses in two films named Validation and The devil wears Prada Strategies and some implications of giving and responding to compliments in English are concluded in the findings so that English learners and users may have a trustful material to study and use for their daily communications iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AR: Addresser AE: Addressee FTA: Face Threatening Act H: Hearer PS: Politeness Strategy S: Speaker UC: Unknown Character iv C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an LIST OF TABLES Table 10 Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 19 63 64 64 65 67 70 v Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate of originality Acknowledgements i ii Abstract List of abbreviations iii iv List of tables v Table of contents vi Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Methodology of the study 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Significance of the study 3 5 1.7 Structure of the study Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Previous studies 7 2.1.1 Previous studies in English 2.1.2 Previous studies in Vietnamese 2.2 Review of theoretical background 2.2.1 Definition of Pragmatics 2.2.2 Overview of Speech Acts 2.2.2.1 Definition of speech acts 8 8 9 2.2.2.2 Components of Speech acts 10 2.2.2.3 Classifications of Speech acts 2.2.3 Kinesics 2.2.3.1 Body language 2.2.3.2 Smiles 10 11 11 12 2.2.3.3 Eye contact 12 2.2.3.4 Touching 2.2.4 Politeness theory 12 12 2.2.4.1 Positive Politeness Strategies 2.2.4.2 Negative Politeness Strategies 13 16 vi Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 2.2.5 Compliments and Compliments’ Responses 2.2.5.1 Compliments 2.2.5.2 Topics of compliments 2.2.5.3 Compliments’ responses 17 17 18 2.2.6 Films 2.2.6.1 Synopsis of the Film Validation 21 21 2.2.6.2 Synopsis of the Film The devil wears Prada 22 2.3 Summary 23 Chapter 3: ANALYSIS AND SOME IMPLICATIONS OF24 COMPLIMENTS AND COMPLIMENTS’ RESPONSES IN THE FILMS VALIDATION AND THE DEVIL WEARS PRADA 3.1 Analysis compliments and compliments’ responses of the Validation and The24 devil wears Prada 3.1.1 Analysis of Validation 24 3.1.2 Analysis of The devil wears Prada 43 3.1.3 Summary 3.2 Topics of compliments 3.2.1 Compliments on appearance 62 62 62 3.2.2 Compliments on skills or talents 3.2.3 Compliments on work accomplished or dedication 3.2.4 Compliments on possession 3.2.5 Summary 3.3 Giving compliment strategies and their response strategies 3.3.1 Politeness strategies in Validation 63 64 65 65 67 67 3.3.2 Politeness strategies in The devil wears Prada 70 3.3.3 Compliments 3.3.4 Compliment responses 3.3.4.1 Positive Politeness 3.3.4.2 Negative Politeness 71 72 73 74 3.4 Some implications for English learners when giving and responding to 74 compliments in English 3.4.1 What to compliment on 74 74 3.4.2 How to give a compliment 3.4.3 How to respond to compliment 75 77 vii Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 3.4.4 Top compliment formulas Chapter 4: CONCLUSION 4.1 Recapitulation 4.2 Concluding remarks 77 79 79 79 4.3 Limitation of the research 4.4 Recommendations and suggestion for further studies 81 82 REFERENCES 83 APPENDIX 85 viii Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an - You look great - Sexy - Your eyes are so beautiful… The second noticeable subject of compliments is compliments on skills or talents, which shows one’s ability Adjective compliments are also used in this kind of compliment to make the conversation lively and interesting Hearers feel the sincerity in speakers’ words Some of the instances as followed: - You’re so skillful - Excellent You are awesome - Your performance is great The third topic of compliments are on work accomplished or dedication Speakers should emphasize on others’ achievement or work accomplished and devotion which were obtained through efforts Addressees will feel their importance in addressers’ utterances, which may have great results in their conversation Some examples are: - You guys work so hard I am proud of you - That is why you are great at what you - You dedicated your whole life to taking care of others Thank you Speakers can also deliver compliments on possession, which westerners use the least in their compliments However, this kind of compliment also has good influence when being given in the appropriate context Compliments of this kind usually go with verb: “have”, “possess” or possessive adjectives/ pronouns Communicators can employ some of the compliments of this kind as followed: - Your house is so nice and big - You have two of the most beautiful eyes I’ve ever seen - Your necklace is so nice / That’s a very nice necklace In short, westerners are in favor of applying main topics to give compliments on English users should deliver compliments on the above topics, try to avoid delivering compliments on personal subjects like money or age… so as to maintain good and interesting conversations that can help participants create good relationships 3.4.2 How to give a compliment 75 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an We have just taken a look at what we should give compliments on However, would all compliments we give the beautiful girl have the best effect? Would all the compliments we deliver to the ones who are successful in work are highly appreciated? In fact, what we comment on is important, but there are still many other vital factors like the way we deliver compliments or the outside factors such as setting, which will contribute to the success of a compliment And in this part, the writer will answer the question of “How to make a good compliment?” The first and most important thing is that speaker should show his/ her sincerity because sincerity is the key to give compliments Voicing his favorable perception or reaction to someone or something is usually best simply stated A true compliment comes from the giver’s heart and impacts the receiver’s heart Compliments are often remembered long after they are spoken They can lift, heal, and inspire great things In addition, in Western culture, they highly evaluate the compliment which uses the first personal pronoun “I” For example: “A beautiful shirt! I like it a lot” Moreover, it is necessary to well understand addressees in order to make them feel they are truly appreciated and understood or sympathized when being given praises For instance, when someone tries to work hard or devotes their lives to others, but their devotion is not recognized, which really make them sad or disappointed However, if once these addressers know their contribution or sacrifice are recognized, they are moved to receive the compliments naturally As the result, compliment givers will be successful in making hearers pleased with their knowledgeable utterances Besides, compliments should be appropriate with the setting For example: speakers should tell someone who has just presented their project successfully in a meeting like: “Well done! Your presentation was very good” If praise givers deliver their words to the ones with no related things, that compliment will fail to touch hearers’ heart Sometimes wrong compliments may make both addressers and addressees embarrassed Next, speakers should acknowledge their relationship with the person they are complimenting If the two interlocutors have the same status or position in the place of work or society, they can employ compliments in their equal position For example, comments on his boss' new hair color only if two are long-time friends Or if participants are close friends, they can use slang, joke or any informal words to imply their compliments, which are not appropriate for formal relationships 76 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an In addition, speakers should use carefully-chosen words because a compliment in good taste and the right words at the right time is always welcome and it can bring both interlocutors good feelings Last but not least, addressers should use intonation, raise voice or stress on important words that need concentrating Eye contact, smile and touching are also necessary in giving compliments All these gestures can help addressees feel the sincerity and feeling from speakers A compliment from the speaker’s heart can touch the hear’s heart As a result, speakers succeed in giving compliments, which is good for participants’ relationship 3.4.3 How to respond to compliment In real situation, there are some ways of responding to compliments Saying nothing, nonverbal acceptance, appreciation token and question are used the most Though responses to compliments vary depending on the setting, speakers’ moods, relationships and the way addressers deliver their words, addressees are advised to receive the compliments welcomely They should thank addressers for caring for them in order not to hurt the addressers Then up to each situation, addressees can respond suitably In giving compliments, directness is really highly evaluated 3.4.4 Top compliment formulas (Manes J and Wolfson N 1981) The following structures are helpful when being used as compliments Anyone who would like to make his/ her conversations go smoothly should apply the following structures which are investigated by Manes J and Wolfson (1981): Noun Phrase + is/look + (really) + Adjective E.g Your hairstyle is really beautiful /Your hair looks great! I + (really) + like/love + Noun Phrase E.g I really like your skirt I love your new apartment Pronoun + is + (really) + Adjective + Noun Phrase E.g That's a really nice watch /That's a great looking car * Additional six formula examples: You have such beautiful car What a lovely baby you have! Isn't your dress beautiful! You (really) did a good job! You (really) handled that situation well! 77 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Nice game! Based on compliment formulas above, English users can deliver their compliment in good ways, which will bring them successful conversations As a result, speakers’ relationships become much better than usual 78 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an CHAPTER CONCLUSION In this final chapter, a summary of the analytical results as well as the findings of the study are presented In addition, the study also shows the effects on Vietnamese English learners when studying, delivering and responding to compliments Finally, the author points out some limitations of the study and provides some suggestions for further studies 4.1 Recapitulation In this chapter the researcher summarizes the result of the finding that have been investigated and analyzed in the previous chapter From the finding, it shows that there are four types of topic of compliment found, namely topic of appearance, topic of skills or talents, topic of work- accomplished or dedication and topic of possession In topic of appearance, users employ compliments on hears’ appearance of body, hair, mustache, eyes, dress…While in the topic of skills or talents, praisers deliver their compliments on skills, ability or talents of addressees, speakers give compliments on work’s accomplishment or dedication of hearers in the topic of work-accomplished or dedication Moreover, the last topic of compliment is on possession which the speaker uses in his/ her compliment on the hearer’s belongings: houses, dress, necklace… As a result, there are four topics of compliments that are applied by the characters in the movie entitled “Validation” and “The devil wears Prada” In addition, strategy employed by characters in the two films varies, yet three main positive politeness strategies are used the most frequently They are the strategies of: notice to hearer, give ‘gift’ to hearer, and exaggerate In responding, while positive politeness strategy is used much, negative politeness is used much less frequently (only in two responses) Moreover, voice, intonation, gesture and postures, including action, eye contact, touching, facial expresses… are vital to to make the characters succeed in delivering compliments 4.2 Concluding remarks On exploring compliments and their responses in the two films, the researcher has found some notable remarks when the characters employ compliments and give responses as follow: Nonverbal elements Combination of some non-verbal elements of communication accompanies the delivery of a compliment The ways characters deliver compliments are: 79 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an - Voice: in low or moderate voice - Intonation: in falling or raising intonation - Eye contacts: gazes at hearer, stares at hearer, watching hearer from head to toe, gazes at the object being complimented or no eye contact (look away) - Facial expressions: smile -simple, upper, sickly smile, eyebrows slightly or highly lifted, and sad face and crying face - Gestures: speaker’s arms held wide toward hearer then placing both hands to chest… - Touches: shake hearer’s hand, hold hearer’s elbow that end up touch hearer’s chin, and walk hand in hand with hearer Main topics of compliments Four main topics of compliments are used, namely, topics of appearance, skills and talents, work- accomplished or dedication and possession Of four main topics, compliments on appearance are employed the most with 19 times, then compliments on skills and talents and work-accomplished or dedication with 10 and compliments respectively Compliments on possession are delivered the least with only times Compliment responses The ways that the addressees respond to the compliments are various The responses employed by the addressee are as follows: - Appreciation token (23 data) The appreciation token consists of both the verbal and non-verbal acceptance The verbal acceptance is expressed through thanking and a token acknowledgment while non-verbal acceptance is expressed by a nod, a smile and standing/sitting motionless The responses are shown with happy laughter, simple/upper/sickly smile, happy or sad/ crying face, happiness or sadness feeling, slightly tilted head down or slight nod, gazing or staring at speaker’s eyes, seeing and touching hearer’s own dress, in formal or informal manner, in moderate voice, and in raising or falling intonation - Comment Acceptance-single (1 datum) Addressee accepts the complimentary force and offers a relevant comment on the appreciated topic - Scale down (1 datum) 80 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an The scale down is expressed through joke that comes along in low voice, in falling intonation, with laughter, upper smile, plus throwing arms to speaker’s neck and kissing him - Question (3 data) The question response comes along in loud or low voice, in raising intonation, with the eyes of the participant are gazing or staring at speaker’s eyes, slightly raised eyebrows, simple or upper smile, placing left hand to chest, in informal manner, surprise and happiness feeling - Disagreement (1 datum) The disagreement is expressed through indirectness utterance and hesitation that comes along in low voice, falling intonation, looking away from speaker’s eyes, sad face and with sadness feeling The employment of politeness strategy by the characters in delivering and responding compliment are as follows: - All characters employ positive politeness in delivering compliments The speaker uses mixed strategies of notice to hearer, give ‘gifts’ to hearer, exaggerate, and use in-group identity marker From the analysis in this research and through the compliments that are listed in the study, it can be seen that giving and responding to compliments is not too difficult to use every day Topics of compliments are diversified, yet English users can frequently employ four kinds of compliments’ topics mentioned in this study and basing on the ways, behaviors, voice… that are shown in the films, English speaking people can make their compliments easy to be welcome and create interesting conversations 4.3 Limitation of the research Within the scope of the thesis, the researcher has only dealt decisively with a few of the notions that may be treated as compliments and their responses in English including compliments’ topics, strategies and some applications There are also some other kinds of compliments; however, in this scope of the thesis, the author would not deal with them Of many films, I chose to analyze only two films, that may not be the best because of my limited experiences When I analyzed the compliments in the films, I only viewed it by experience on the linguistics field, not in others, such as culture, belief, tradition… The compliments and their suggestions maybe useful in my view but not in others’ 81 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 4.4 Recommendations and suggestions for further research Compliments and their responses are interesting to discuss since they give deep understanding for the readers who intend to know how to apply the way or the strategies in giving and responding compliments well As there are still many issues can be analyzed for compliments and their responses, it is suggested to the next writers who are interested in investigating the same field of Pragmatic study to fill the gap, especially on other complimented objects, such as the utterances produced in the real situation or context through Vietnamese films or other literary works (novel, short stories, etc.) It is also possible for the next writers to conduct further analysis of compliments and their responses from different points of view, for example, the analysis of compliments and their responses’ structures and their vocabularies that are mostly used in delivering compliments and their responses Therefore, the writer wishes this study can give a contribution and new ideas to the readers, especially students in studying compliments and their responses On the whole, there will be some topics related to the problem left for further research: Compliments and their responses made by English and Vietnamese teenagers A contrastive study of compliments and their responses in English and Vietnamese films Adjectival compliments in English and Vietnamese short stories 82 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an REFERENCES Allen, Robert C and Gomery, Douglas Film history University of Wisconsin Austin, J.L(1962) How to things with words Harvard University Press Brown, P., & Levinson, S (1987) Politeness: Some language universals in language use Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Brown, P.& Levinson, S (1990) Politeness: Some language universals in language use Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Bruce Tillitt (2006) Speaking naturally Communication Skills American English Cambridge University Press Chaika, E 1994 Language: The Social Mirror, third edition Boston, Massachusetts: Heinle and Heinle Publishers David, J Bordwell (1997) History of film style Harvard University Press Ebsworth, T.J (1992) Appropriateness of Puerto Rican/ American crosscultural communication Unpublished Ph.D dissertation New York University Eibl- Eibesfeldt’s, I (1997) The biology of human behavior Weyarn: Seehamer Verlag 10 Herbert, R.K (1986) SAY "thank you" or something American Speech The American Center West 11 Herbert, R.K (1986) The ethnography of English compliment and conpliment responses: A contrasticive sketche Constrastive Pragmatics Amsterdam John Benjamins Publishing Company 12 Herbert, R.K (1986) Say “thank you”- or something American speech 13 Hill et al Hill, (1986) Universals of linguistic politeness: Quantitative evidence from Japanese and American English Journal of Pragmatics 14 Holmes, J “Compliment (2003): A Positive Politeness Strategy” in Christina Bratt Paulston & G Richard Tucker (eds) Blackwell Publisher Ltd 15 Holmes, J 1992 An Introduction to Sociolinguistics UK: Longman Group 16 Holmes, J (1988) Paying compliments: A sex-preferential politeness strategy Journal of pragmatics 17 Holmes, J (1995) Women, Men and Politeness Longman Loughborough University 18 Johnson, D M., and Roen, D H (1992) Complimenting and involvement in peer reviewers: Gender variation Language in Society 19 Jucker, H (2009) The case of compliments English Department University of Zurich 83 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 20 Kieu Oanh, Ho (2000) Về cách thức khen tiếp nhận lời khen phát ngôn Việt-Mỹ” Unpublished M.A Thesis Vinh University 21 Lakoff, R (1975) Language and women’s place New York, NY: Harper and Row 22 Leech, Geoffrey N (1983) Principles of Pragmatics Longman, London 23 Levinson, Stephen C (1983) Pragmatics Cambridge, England: Cambridge University 24 Manes, J and N Wolfson (1981) ‘The compliment formula’ in F Coulmas(ed.) Conversational Routine Explorations in Standardized Communication Situarions and Prepatterned Speech The Hague: Mouton 25 Manes, Joan (1983) Compliments: A mirror of cultural values: Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition Rowley MA Newbury House 26 Merriam- Webster dictionaries online (2015) https://www.merriamwebster.com/ 27 Mojica, J (2002) How Philippine college students give and respond to compliments using Filipino language Unpublished M.A Thesis Unviersity of Santo Tomas 28 Nelson, G L., Al-batal, M & Echols, E (1996) Arabic and English compliment responses: Potential for pragmatic failure Applied Linguistics 29 Oxford English Dictionary (2010) Oxford University Press 30 Pomerantz, Anita (1978) Compliment responses: notes on the cooperation of multiple constraints New York Academic Press 31 Quang, Nguyen (2005) Communication Across Cultures Doctoral Dissertation Quy Nhon University 32 Richards, J C & Platt, J & Platt, H (1992) Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics London Longman 33 Searle, J.R (1969) Speech Acts An Essay in the Philosophy of Language Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 34 Thanh Canh, Truong (2010) Giving and Receiving Compliments-A CrossCultural Study in English and Vietnamese Unpublished M.A Thesis Vinh University 35 Tsui, A.B.M (1994) English Conversation New York Oxford University Press 84 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 36 To Loan Nguyen (2010) A Vietnamese-English Cross- Cultural Study of Positive Politeness and Negative Politeness in Complimenting Unpublished M.A Thesis Hung Vuong University 37 Wierzbicka, Anna (1987) English speech act verbs A Semantic Dictionary Sydney: Academic Press 38 Wolfson, N (1983) An empirically based analysis of complimenting behavior in American English Newbury House 39 Wolfson, N & Judd, E (1983) Sociolinguistics and Language Acquisition Rowley, MA: Newbury House 40 Wolfson, N., and Manes, J (1980) The compliment as a social strategy Papers in linguistics 41 42 43 44 Yule, G (1996) Pragmatics Oxford University Press Yule, G (2006) The study of language Cambridge University Press https://openlibrary.org/books/OL27691219M/Oxford_Dictionary_of_English https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compliment 45 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cbk980jV7Ao 46 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HSPYgwP9R84 85 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX APPENDIX 1: COMPLIMENTS AND COMPLIMENTS’ RESPONSES IN VALIDATION No Compliments’ responses Compliments V01/00.00.35 You are awesome Execuse me? V02/00.00.50 You have an amazing face You’ve Um No…(sad) got powerful features man Anyone ever tell you that? V03/00.01.00 Absolutely You are great (smile happily) V04/00.01.14 You are great ma’am You have amazing checkbones Really? (smile/ happy) V05/00.02.05 That is a fantastic suit It really You think so? (relaxed) flatters you V06/ 00.02.15 You guys work so hard You are the backbone that keeps this place running I always felt like not really appreciate it V07/ 00.02.20 What you is so important You know I bet the boss would love to meet you V08/00/02.37 You are great Oh you provide hundreds of jobs sustaining hundreds of families That’s huge It’s so good to hear V09/00.03.02 Mr president no matter what people say about you You have still got a great golf swing God bless you V10/00.03.06 You have a fantastic mustache Thank you V11/00.03.38 That is why you’re great at what you You think intonation) V12/00.04.44 You are amazing You are so efficient… (Keep working) V13/00.04.47 Victoria Oh that’s a beautiful (saying nothing) name V14/00.04.59 You take such good care of your (say nothing) equipment they’re lucky to have you 86 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn so? (rising C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an V15/00.05.30 They match your eyes sorta Oh Next… yeah the most beautiful eyes I’ve ever seen V16/00.05.41 You eat healthy to see take good Say nothing care of yourself not so awesome V17/00.05.47 You’ve even a great pet owner Say nothing V18/ 00.08.25 You’re gorgeous… not in the (smile happily) prime of your lives of you, guys You’re great V19/00.08.46 Excellent… One more… one (Smile happily) more beautiful… beautiful… Look at each other…Oh fantastic V20/00.09.05 You guys are awesome… beautiful… beautiful… Thank you… Nice meeting you V21/00.09.13 You get the most sincere smiles of (say nothing but receive the people I’ve ever seen offer) V22/00.09.32 You have two of the most beautiful eyes I’ve ever seen Excuse me? V23/00.09.55 Your eyes! they are gorgeous You are gorgeous And your dress matches your eyes It’s perfect! (smile) V24/ 00.12.08 You are awesome You are gonna (smile) have so much fun on this trip… The stories, you’re gonna tell people, when you get back will be amazing I can’t wait; I’ve always wanted to see Paris… V26/00.14.11 Because you are great You are amazing No one has ever said that about me before (smile) V25/00.12.15 87 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX 2: COMPLIMENTS AND COMPLIMENTS’ RESPONSES IN THE DEVIL WEARS PRADA No Compliments’ responses Compliments D01/00.11.40 Well, I have been thinked you look Oooh, I think you fool of it great always D02/00.30.57 Perfect Thank God somebody came to work today (smile) D03/01.01.41 Ow, Oh my God – Andy, you look so chic Oh, thanks Em D04/01.01.47 Em… you look so thin (flattered) Do I? D05/01.02.51 Miranda, fabulous event as always (smile) D06/01.04.16 You… you are vision Oh D07/01.04.43 But what I did read wasn’t that bad I think I think you have talent, Andy (stand motionless) D08/01.06.23 You look really pretty (stunned) D09/01.13.12 This show is amazing I am so proud of you Thank you D10/01.24.09 Gorgeous Really I think my work on you is done (smile) D11/01.26.47 sexy Andy sexy - - Really?? D12/01.37.04 But I was very very impressed by (slightly smiling with sad how intently you tried to warn me face) D13/01.37.12 I never thought I would say this, Andrea, but I really I see a great deal of myself in you D14/01.37.29 (gaze to Miranda’s eyes) You can see beyond what people I don’t think I’m like that Iwant, and what they need and you - I couldn’t what you can choose for yourself to Nigel I couldn’t something like that D15.01.41.42 Your clips are excellent These things on the janitor’s union -that’s exactly what we here 88 (She smiles, humble now) Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn