the carbohydrates and alcohol - rideal

[...]... the one hand and the final products, maltose and glucose, on the other These are of gradually diminishing dextro-rotation and of increasing cupricreducing power, and certain of them give characteristic colour reactions with iodine vSoluble starch or ainylo- 6 CARBOHYDRATES dextrine is first formed and is coloured blue by iodine, next erythrodextrine, coloured red by iodine, and subsequently achroo-dextrines,... atoms, there are in all sixteen possible stereoisomers, and there is, corresponding to ordinary glucose (d-glucose), a lorvorotatory isomeride of equal and opposite rotatory power, 1-glucose Moreover, as two closed-chain forms (a and j3) should exist for each of these, the total number of isomeric aldohexoses is 48, but only three of these occur naturally, namely, d-glucose, d-mannose, and d-galactose... produced from the stems of the sago palms, Sagus rumphii and S levis, and a coarser kind is obtained from the nuts of Cycas rcvoluta in Ceylon and the East Indies Banana starch is prepared from the unripe fruits of Musa sapientium Structure of the Wheat Grain.—A grain of wheat consists of three parts, the germ or embryo situated near the base, the endosperm, which forms the bulk of the grain and is formed... free the granules from the cells in which they are I8 CARBOHYDRATES enclosed and to separate the starch from the other constituents The average composition of wheat is : starch (>«S-, sugar 3-2 , cellulose 2% fat 17, proteins iro, mineral m a t t e r r < > , water 12*0 per cent The Fermentation Process ,- Although the sour or fermentation process of preparing wheat starch is w n M r f u l owing to the. .. good quality The addition of gluten to potato starch does not enable it to assume a similar structure Wheat starch is regarded as the best starch for dressing and finishing linen, and the only two wheat starch factories in the United Kingdom are situated in the north of Ireland in the vicinity of the flax industry there The Sweet Process.—In the preparation of wheat starch by the sweet or non-fermentation... There are several reasons for this, not the least being the desire to retain the expensive wheat for food purposes The large amount of gluten present, 12 to 16 per cent., renders the process difficult, and the starch being made by souring away the gluten, the vicinity of a wheat starch factory was unpleasant, and became a nuisance to the workmen and the inhabitants of the neighbourhood, so that frequent... granules The acid liquor is decanted and run to waste, and the mass washed repeatedly with water so long as tin:; becomes coloured, and then allowed to settle The various layers are removed and the starch washed through fair sieves to separate particles of bran and fibre The deposit ed starch is then placed in shallow boxes lined with canvas, and when compact is turned out, cut into blocks and dried... solution Mutarotation is explained by the existence INTRODUCTION 9 of two isomeric closed-chain forms, a glucose with a rotatory power [a]l)~|-no and j3 glucose, [a]I)-fi9, the stationary rotation of [a]D+52'5 of the solution being due to an equilibrium mixture of the two forms, the proportions present depending on the concentration of the solution and on the solvent vSince the aldohexose C0H1200 or CH2OH.(CHOH)4COH... inclined shoot and tanks to collect the starch When the masses of gluten are removed from the sieve they are placed at the ends of the frame against buffers, and there beaten to remove the last portions of starch The usual washings and settlings as described above are then proceeded with, but a better result and an increased yield of first quality starch is obtained by treating the impure starch with a weak... putrefaction, the water being kept in circulation by means of steam siphons The steep waters are concentrated to be used for feeding cattle The softened grain is then passed through a mill to crack or split the corn and partially grind it The mass is then diluted with water and passed through a long V-shaped tank with a screw conveyer along the bottom and skimming paddles at the top The germ, or embryo, . in the series seeing that wood and cellulose supply methyl alcohol and sugars, that fuel production and utilization includes the problem of industrial alcohol, and that the Carbohydrates . erroneous view, and show that; not only is a fairly wide knowledge of the chemical constitution of these sugars and their synthesis, formation in the plant and in the laboratory. less readily resolved than the others by diastase and remains as the so-called stable dextrin on hydrolysis. The first action is the break- ing up of the complex molecule of