There was a time when merely expressing samesex attractions could get you hanged in many countries across the globe. Now, we are talking about samesex marriage. This book charts the debates and evolution of samesex marriage as a key point and process in the acceptance of sexual minorities. The book also raises questions about asyetunanswered questions about the future of LGBT people and marriage in general.
Debating Same Sex Marriage: An Example of a Cultural Revolution Debating Same Sex Marriage: An Example of a Cultural Revolution Margaret F Bello Publishing www.societypublishing.com Debating Same Sex Marriage: An Example of a Cultural Revolution Margaret F Bello Society Publishing 224 Shoreacres Road Burlington, ON L7L 2H2 Canada www.societypublishing.com Email: orders@arclereducation.com e-book Edition 2022 ISBN: 978-1-77469-251-6 (e-book) This book contains information obtained from highly regarded resources Reprinted material sources are indicated and copyright remains with the original owners Copyright for images and other graphics remains with the original owners as indicated A Wide variety of references are listed Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data Authors or Editors or Publishers are not responsible for the accuracy of the information in the published chapters or consequences of their use The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or grievance to the persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or thoughts in the book The authors or editors and the publisher have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission has not been obtained If any copyright holder has not been acknowledged, please write to us so we may rectify Notice: Registered trademark of products or corporate names are used only for explanation and identification without intent of infringement © 2022 Society Publishing ISBN: 978-1-77469-064-2 (Hardcover) Society Publishing publishes wide variety of books and eBooks For more information about Society Publishing and its products, visit our website at www.societypublishing.com ABOUT THE AUTHOR Margaret Bello-Digamon has Doctorate in Development Management major in Educational Administration from the Ateneo de Zamboanga University where she graduated in 2019 At present she is finishing her Certificate in Teaching English as a Secondary Language at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada She also finished her Master’s degree in Engineering Education major in ICT at the Western Mindanao State University and graduated with a Bachelor of Science in Management Information Systems in 2003 from the Ateneo de Zamboanga University She’s had years’ experience as a College Dean where she has immersed herself in the education and an administrative setting that include dealing and counseling clients and have successfully developed and aided in writing programs with advocacies promoting the welfare of women and children through technology She is married with two children and currently resides in Saskatchewan Canada TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .xi List of Abbreviations xiii Preface xv Chapter Introduction to the Institution of Marriage 1.1 Initial Conceptualizations of Marriage 1.2 The Implications of Marriage 1.3 Typologies of Marriage 12 1.4 Selecting a Marriage Partner 18 1.5 The Economics of Marriage 22 Chapter Summary 27 Chapter The Legal Framework of Marriage 29 2.1 Standard Requirements for an Effective Marriage 30 2.2 Race, Gender in Marriage 35 2.3 Civil Unions and Power Relations in Marriage 41 2.4 Regulation of Sexual Relations in Marriage 47 2.5 Legitimacy of Children Born in and Outside Marriage 53 Chapter Summary 59 Chapter Religiosity of Marriage 61 3.1 Christian Conceptualization of Marriage 62 3.2 Islamic Conceptualization of Marriage 67 3.3 Judaism and Marriage Law 72 3.4 Denominational Diversity in Marriage 77 3.5 Theological Views on Marriage 82 Chapter Summary 87 Chapter Norms and Customs Concerning Marriage 89 4.1 Christian, Hindu, and Jewish Influences 90 4.2 Islamic, Chinese, and Humanist Perspectives 93 4.3 Typologies of Weddings 99 4.4 Participation in Weddings and the Marriage Industry 106 4.5 Issues of Health and Wellbeing in Marriage 110 Chapter Summary 117 Chapter Religious Objections to Non-Heterosexual Couples 119 5.1 LGBT Perspectives on Religion 120 5.2 Buddhist Perspectives on LGBT Communities 127 5.3 Christian Perspectives on LGBT Communities 130 5.4 Perspectives of Unitarian Universalists and Unitarians on LGBT Communities 137 5.5 Islamic Perspectives on LGBT Communities 139 Chapter Summary 141 Chapter Case Study of Institutionalized Homophobia in Africa 143 6.1 LGBT Rights in Africa 144 6.2 History of LGBT Communities in Africa 148 6.3 Case Study of Uganda and Kenya 151 6.4 Schism in the Anglican Union Over Same-Sex Marriage 157 6.5 Case Study of LGBT Rights in South Africa 163 Chapter Summary 165 Chapter The Notion of Same-Sex Marriage 167 7.1 The Status of Same-Sex Couples Today 168 7.2 Historical Progression Towards Same-Sex Marriage 171 7.3 Global Treatment of Same-Sex Marriage 173 7.4 Case Study of the Same-Sex Marriage in the United Kingdom 177 7.5 Case Study of the Same-Sex Marriage in the USA 179 Chapter Summary 182 Chapter The Future of Same-Sex Relationships 183 8.1 National Debates About 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56, 58, 112, 116 Biological consequences 20 Bultigenerational 20 C Cardiovascular 113, 116 Catholic 64, 79, 82, 84 Catholicism 81 Catholic region 56 Christian Church 62, 64, 65 Christianity 128, 130, 135, 139 Circumstances 4, Cohabiting 103, 113, 115 Community 2, 4, 6, 11, 20, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44, 49, 51, 52, 54, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 73, 76, 77, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 144, 146, 147, 148, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 162, 165 Community life 193 Community sanction 176, 182 Companionship 130, 137 Compatibility matrix 18, 19 Complexity 190 208 Debating Same Sex Marriage: An Example of a Cultural Revolution Complicity 58 Compromise 99, 127, 132, 133, 134, 140 Conceptualization 62, 63, 67, 68, 70, 82, 87 Confucianism 96, 117 Consequently 152 Criminality 122 Critical marital 45 Cultural Conservatives 184 Cultural memory 175 D Democratic 37, 40 Democratic society 75, 124, 140 Denomination 91 Disagreement 44 Discrimination 4, 25, 120, 121, 129, 132, 135, 136, 170, 171, 175, 176, 179 Diversity 62, 72, 77, 78, 79, 81, 174 Dynamics 35, 42, 57 E Economic 2, 11, 13, 18, 22, 23, 24 Economic activity 13 Egalitarianism 30 Elopement 103 Enforcement 71 Entire industry 107 Equality 32, 35, 37, 38, 40, 41, 43, 51, 168, 170, 171, 172, 177, 180, 181, 184, 191, 193, 194, 195 Ethnographic 13 Eurocentric 14 Eurocentric civilization 36 Explicitly 123, 124, 127 Exploitation 169, 176 Extensive system 163 F Financial 107, 110 Financial obligation 23 G Genetic heredity 21 Genocidal-racist 39 Geographical locality 173 global Anglican Communion 158 Globe 186 Guardianship requirement 69 H Harassment 65, 76, 78 Harsh punishment 175 Health response 164 Heterosexism 125, 140, 146 Heterosexist 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 129, 131, 132, 134, 139, 192, 194 Heterosexuality 18 Heterosexual relationship 184 Homoeroticism 151 Homophobes 65 Homophobic 2, 34, 36, 37, 144, 148, 154, 156, 164, 165 homosexual 122, 132, 134, 135 Homosexuality 121, 122, 127, 131, 132, 134, 135, 140, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 154, 155, 157, 159, 163, 171, 181 Homosexual tendencies Hospitalization 116 Hotel accommodation 136 Humanity 129, 133, 137 Human morality 13 Index Human right 31 Human sexualities 172 Hypocrisy 66, 84, 124 I Identity 94, 103, 111, 112, 116, 174, 175, 179, 181 Ideological 162 Illegitimate 9, 10, 11, 18 Imbalances 184 Immigration procedures 174 Implementing 181 Inequalities 191 Influence 65, 71, 72, 87 Inheritance 9, 22, 25, 26 Interestingly 171, 182 Intermarriage 76 Interplay 179 Interpretation 65, 71, 75, 77, 79, 84, 125, 127, 128, 130, 133, 135, 136, 139 Irrational 181 L Leadership 150, 158 Legal framework 30, 59 Legal intervention 187 Legalization 170 Legal process 32 Legal requirements 30, 31 Legitimacy 9, 11, 12, 30, 34, 50, 53, 54, 58, 59 Liberal denominations 137 Liberal interpretations 134 Local populace 172 209 M Management 22, 24 Marginalization 51, 57, 176 Marriage 29, 31, 47, 58, 59 Masterstroke 153 Material 172 Medical community 181 Mental health 193 Metropolitan Community 135 Microaggression 191 Modality Modern society 84 Monogamy 62 Monolithic 94, 98, 131 Monolithic approach 174 Morbidity 112 Mythology 181 N Neo-colonialism 147, 148 O Obligations 2, 3, 4, 11, 27, 71, 72, 79 Opportunistic 147 Opportunities 12 Opportunity 94, 97, 102, 111, 113, 186, 190, 192 Organization 156, 164 Organized religion 120 Organizing 109 Orientation 103, 112, 174, 175, 179 Original interpretation 75 P Parental right 56 Patriarchy 74 210 Debating Same Sex Marriage: An Example of a Cultural Revolution Pentecostal 44, 81, 87 Perfection 135 Personality 18, 22 Physical lynching 36 Policy 147, 148, 155, 163 Policy reform 82 Political leadership 153 Political manipulation 175 Politician 175, 181 Polygamous 10, 16, 32, 46, 53 Polygamy 2, 8, 10, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 51, 52 Polygynous 95, 111 Polygyny 17, 67, 69, 74 Possibility 39, 45, 57, 58 Potential 31 Pragmatic 164 Pragmatic compromise 187 Proclamation 71 Promiscuity 83 Proposition 127, 128 Protection 2, 4, 5, 27, 170, 175, 184 Protective mechanism 136 Protestant Movement 81 Psychosocial 34, 40, 49, 190 Public ceremony 171 Public policy 65, 66, 67 Public sympathy 136 R Radicalization 139 Reactionary 182 Realignment 122, 125 Relationship 8, 9, 11, 13, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 113, 114, 115, 120, 129 Religiosity 62, 87 Religious 46, 187, 191 Religious communities 121, 123, 126 Religious community 125, 126 Resource 68, 175 Responsibilities 33, 34, 35, 40, 56, 92, 100 Responsibility 54, 55 Romantic 103, 113 Romantic relationship 187 S same-sex relationship 184, 188, 195 Self-determination 184 Sexual inequalities Sexuality 62, 63, 66, 72, 82, 84, 87, 185, 186, 192, 194 Sexual morality 130 Sexual relationship 187 Sexual union Social capital 8, 10, 22 Social conflicts 136 Social consciousness 186 Social conservatives 5, 37, 41, 43 Social function 97 Social pressure 107, 110 Societal expectation 21 Societal institution Societal pressures Society 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 30, 31, 32, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 47, 54, 55, 58, 59, 120, 124, 132, 147, 148, 150, 152, 157, 165, 171, 175, 181, 182 Spectrum 173 Stereotype 130 Strategic planning 194 Supremacy 37, 38, 44 Sustainable 54 Sustainable development 182 Symbolize 186 Index Systematic exclusion 30 T Temporarily 159 Terminology 90 Theological 62, 82, 85, 88 Transactional 21, 22, 25, 26 Transactional relationship 21 Transfer 16, 22 Transient 190 Transphobia 139 Transphobic 171 U Ultimate destination 193 Uniformity 78 V Validity 30, 31 Violence 149, 150, 154, 165 Vulnerable 184, 189 211