university alabama press archaeology of the lower muskogee creek indians 1715-1836 jan 2007

[...]... phases in the synthesis I also limited the book to the Lower Creek Indians instead of incorporating all of the Creek Indians because the survey region of the Lower Creek Indians is better de¤ned than the Upper Creek region Many of the Upper Creek archaeological excavations are either ongoing or not yet completely reported Last, there is ethnic and political justi¤cation for the division between the Lower. .. to all the Indians who lived in what is now Georgia and Alabama by the name of their closest neighbors who lived on the Ochisee Creek The South Carolina residents also referred to all the Indians as the Ochisee Creek Indians and later simply as the Creek Indians Other etymologies of the Creek Indian name exist, however (Braund 1993; Gatschet 1884; Swanton 1922) Similarly, a few decades earlier, the Spanish... that re®ects the position of the town relative to the missions (Hann 1988:362, 1996; Worth 2000:273) The lists indicate that the geographical position of the Lower Creek Indian towns in the late seventeenth century is not inconsistent with their location during the eighteenth century In other words, many of the Lower Creek Indian towns had settled onto the Chattahoochee River at least by the mid-seventeenth... funded projects These applied archaeology research projects have their own biases and goals, but the mere volume of data makes them impossible, if not irresponsible, to ignore A synthesis of the Lower Muskogee Creek Indian archaeology is a synthesis of cultural resource management-funded projects This book establishes a baseline of knowledge about the material remains of the Muskogee people partly by publishing... Maskókî, Muskogee Creek Indians, and Creek Indians interchangeably, but they are not equivalent As I will explain later in the ethnohistory section, the term Creek Indians includes many people other than the Muskogee Acknowledgments This book builds on and summarizes the contributions of decades of research, and the ¤rst acknowledgments should go to the individuals who have worked in the Lower Chattahoochee... geography, the Lower Creek and the Upper Creek (Figure 1.1) While some cartographers added a third division, the division into Upper and Lower is most common These divisions were maintained in the postremoval settlement patterns in the Indian territories, although the geo- 2 / Foster graphic pattern was reversed During most of the eighteenth century, the Upper Creek Indians consisted of the Abihka-... watersheds of southeastern North America during the eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries as revealed through archaeological remains This investigation will synthesize all known archaeological research at Lower Muskogee Creek sites The Muskogee Indians were and continue to be a diverse people During the Historic Period (circa 1540–1836), they and other Indians of the southeastern United States had a profound... recorded the events correctly, and interpreted the native behaviors correctly, these observations seem to indicate a political structure not unlike chiefdoms elsewhere in the world (Service 1962) Marvin Smith and David Hally (1992) identify a number of behaviors that they attribute to chiefdoms of the Southeast and by extension to the ancestors of the Creek Indians They use the chronicles of the De Soto... certainly true before the in®uence of the Europeans However, the moity system of Red and White towns is a loose organization and its evidence for a chiefdom is weak After the initial sixteenth-century exploration by the Spanish, there was a relative dearth of exploration and therefore a lack of documentary sources of the Southeastern Indians for a few decades around the turn of the seventeenth century... variation of what we do know The temporal and geographic boundaries of this book are limited to the period after the Muskogee Creek Indians settled on the Chattahoochee River in the beginning of the eighteenth century until the state and federal governments in the beginning of the nineteenth century forcibly removed them (circa 1715–1836) That time period also corresponds to an archaeological phase, the . multiple phases in the synthesis. I also limited the book to the Lower Creek Indians instead of incorporating all of the Creek Indians be- cause the survey region of the Lower Creek Indians is better. class="bi x0 y0 w0 h0" alt="" Archaeology of the Lower Muskogee Creek Indians, 1715–1836 A Dan Josselyn Memorial Publication Archaeology of the Lower Muskogee Creek Indians, 1715–1836 H. THOMAS. research at Lower Muskogee Creek sites. The Muskogee Indians were and continue to be a diverse people. During the Historic Period (circa 1540–1836), they and other Indians of the southeastern United