the mit press models and cognition aug 2006

MD DALIM 862920 7/22/06 CAYN MAG YELO BLACK Models and Cognition [...]... the machine The machine starts off in state 1 and reading from the cell indicated The control table specifies (see shaded cell) that when the machine is in state 1 and reading an ‘X’ it should erase the contents of that cell and go to state 2 The machine will then be in state 2 and reading that there is a blank cell, and the table specifies that under those conditions the machine should move the tape one... the human mind by philosophers in the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries I then consider the origins and nature of some of the major disciplines of cognitive science I focus on claims that are relevant to the theses I will defend in the rest of the book (For this reason, each of the three sections provides only a partial discussion of the topic under consideration.) At the close of the. .. to the frame problem A model of explanation grounded in the ICM hypothesis, termed the Model model, can resolve, in a way that no other model can, the many problems that beset the Deductive-Nomological model of explanation The frame problem of artificial intelligence is intimately related to the ceteris paribus problem and the surplus-meaning problem in the philosophy of science The upshot is that the. .. argument, the no-precedent output (NPO) argument, and the productivity argument The POS argument emphasizes just how quickly, easily, and automatically language learning occurs in children despite the fact that their speech community typically affords them only meager evidence of the complicated principles governing the production and comprehension of their native language The NPO argument is based on the. .. example, the Turing machine in figure 1.1 is, assuming an infinite tape, capable of adding any two numbers The machine’s tape represents two numbers, 2 and 3, as sequences of 1’s bordered by X’s The control unit executes the instructions in the table The top row of the table lists the three possible contents of the cell being read, the left column lists the six possible states of the machine The cells... Bechtel and George Graham) and The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (edited by Robert Wilson and Frank Keil) In the end, if you do put in the time and effort, you will — even if you disagree with the claims advanced here — surely learn a great deal about philosophy and cognitive science Acknowledgements Much of the material presented in chapter 2 was first published as “Folk Psychology and the. .. geometrical theorems to characterize the motions of terrestrial bodies He also made telescopic observations of the heavens which enabled him to discover that other planets have satellites and that Venus has phases similar to those of the Earth’s moon, all of which lent powerful support to Kepler’s model of the solar system These and other achievements marked the ascendancy of the view that the universe... philosopher by the name of Immanuel Kant would offer a new model of the human psyche in an attempt to resolve the problems of both rationalism and empiricism He too believed that the limits of human knowledge could be determined if we understood the device (i.e., the human mind) that we use to obtain it, and, like the rationalists, he was dissatisfied both with the minimalist psychology of the empiricists and. .. Galileo and Kepler until late in the nineteenth century, there was an ongoing and fruitful philosophical inquiry into the nature of the human mind A legitimate science of the mind would, however, not be forthcoming until the middle of the twentieth century, and only after some major miscues Before we consider how philosophers and practitioners of this new science of the mind ought to regard one another,... came about 1.2 The History of the Science(s) of the Mind The story of the latter-day science of the human mind — cognitive science — is the story of several separate contributors and of their interactions I will not attempt to tell the whole story here, but I will present its bare outlines, both in order to get the many philosophers who are unfamiliar with it up to speed and because some of the details . BLACK Models and Cognition