An investigation into learners linguistic problems in toeic listening comprehension at the centre for foreign studies, nong lam university ho chi minh city m a 60 14 10

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY-HCM CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE AN INVESTIGATION INTO LEARNERS’ LINGUISTIC PROBLEMS IN TOEIC LISTENING COMPREHENSION AT THE CENTRE FOR FOREIGN STUDIES, NONG LAM UNIVERSITY – HOCHIMINH CITY A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Department of English Linguistics and Literature in partial fulfillment of the Master’s degree in TESOL By NGUYỄN ĐẶNG THỊ CÚC HUYỀN Supervised by TRƯƠNG HỚN HUY, M.A Senior Lecturer HO CHI MINH CITY – NOVEMBER 2011 i i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Table of contents i List of tables v List of charts vi Abbreviations vii Statement of authorship viii Retention and use of the thesis ix Acknowledgements x Abstract xi Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 The rationale of the study 1.2 Aims of the study 1.3 Background to the study 1.4 Significance of the study 1.5 Limitations 1.6 Structure of the thesis Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 An overview of listening comprehension 2.1.1 Definitions 2.1.2 Types of knowledge used in listening 2.1.3 The nature of listening comprehension 2.1.4 The role of listening comprehension in language learning 11 2.2 Listening processes 12 2.2.1 The bottom-up process 13 2.2.2 The top-down process 13 2.2.3 Combining the bottom-up and top-down models 14 2.3 Listening stages 15 ii 2.3.1 The pre-listening stage 15 2.3.2 The while-listening stage 16 2.3.3 The post-listening stage 18 2.4 Listening strategies 19 2.5 Linguistic problems of listening to English 20 2.5.1 Phonological features 22 2.5.2 Lexical features 28 2.5.3 Syntactic features 31 2.5.4 Semantic features 33 2.5.5 Discourse structure features 34 Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY 37 3.1 Research questions 37 3.2 Research design 37 3.2.1 The subjects 38 3.2.1.1 The first group of subjects 38 3.2.1.2 The second group of subjects 40 3.2.2 Data collection instruments 3.2.2.1 Questionnaires 40 40 3.2.2.1.1 Questionnaire for learners 41 3.2.2.1.2 Questionnaire for teachers 42 3.2.2.2 Interview 3.2.3 Data collection procedures 43 44 Chapter 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS 46 4.1 Results from teachers’ questionnaire 46 4.1.1 Learners’ problems in TOEIC listening comprehension 46 4.1.1.1 Problems with phonological features 46 4.1.1.2 Problems with lexical features 48 4.1.1.3 Problems with syntactic features 50 4.1.2 Teachers’ assessment of linguistic knowledge’s support towards listening comprehension 52 iii 4.1.3 Teachers’ suggestions to improve learners’ listening comprehension 4.2 Results from learners’ questionnaire 52 53 4.2.1 Learners’ perception of English skills 53 4.2.2 The importance of listening comprehension 54 4.2.3 Learners’ self-assessment of listening ability 55 4.2.4 Learners’ problems in learning TOEIC listening comprehension 56 4.2.4.1 Problems with phonological features 56 4.2.4.2 Problems to lexical features 59 4.2.4.3 Problems with syntactic features 61 4.2.5 Learners’ self-assessment of linguistic knowledge’s support towards listening comprehension 62 4.2.6 Learners’ listening practice at home 63 4.2.7 Strategies of learning listening comprehension 64 4.2.8 Ways to improve listening skills 65 4.3 Results from learners’ interview 66 4.3.1 Learners’ problems in learning TOEIC listening comprehension 66 4.3.1.1 Problems with phonological features 66 4.3.1.2 Problems with lexical features 68 4.3.1.3 Problems with syntactic features 69 4.3.2 Possible causes of the linguistic problems 70 4.3.3 Ways to improve learners’ listening comprehension 72 4.3.3.1 Ways teachers can to help learners improve listening comprehension 72 4.3.3.2 Ways learners can to improve their listening 74 4.3.4 Learners’ opinions on the support of linguistic knowledge towards listening comprehension 75 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 77 5.1 Conclusion 77 5.2 Pedagogical implications 79 iv 5.2.1 To teachers 79 5.2.2 To learners 81 5.3 Recommendations for further research 82 APPENDIX 1: Questionnaire for teachers 84 APPENDIX 2: Questionnaire for learners (in Vietnamese) 88 APPENDIX 3: Questionnaire for learners (in English) 94 APPENDIX 4: Interview questions for learners (in Vietnamese) 100 APPENDIX 5: Interview questions for learners (in English) 101 REFERENCES 103 v LIST OF TABLES Page 3.1 Characteristics of the first group of subjects (learners) 39 3.2 Characteristics of the second group of subjects (teachers) 40 4.1 Teachers’ opinions on learners’ phonological problems in TOEIC listening comprehension 47 4.2 Teachers’ opinions on learners’ lexical problems in TOEIC listening comprehension 49 4.3 Teachers’ opinions on learners’ syntactic problems in TOEIC listening comprehension 51 4.4 Teachers’ suggestions to improve learners’ listening ability 53 4.5 Learners’ explanation for the importance of listening comprehension 55 4.6 Learners’ self-assessment of listening ability 55 4.7 Learners’ phonological problems in TOEIC listening comprehension 57 4.8 Learners’ lexical problems in TOEIC listening comprehension 59 4.9 Learners’ syntactic problems in TOEIC listening comprehension 61 4.10 Learners’ ways for extra listening practice 64 4.11 Learners’ ways of learning listening comprehension 64 vi LIST OF CHARTS Page 4.1 Teachers’ assessment of linguistic knowledge’s support towards listening comprehension 52 4.2 Learners’ perception of the difficulty among four English skills 54 4.3 Learners’ perception of the importance of listening comprehension 55 4.4 Learners’ self-assessment of linguistic knowledge’s support towards listening comprehension 62 4.5 Learners’ listening practice at home 63 4.6 The hours of learners’ listening practice at home 63 vii ABBREVIATIONS CFS: Centre for Foreign Studies EFL: English as a Foreign Language ESL: English as a Second Language L1: First language L2: Second language NLU: Ho Chi Minh City Nong Lam University TOEIC: The Test of English for International Communication C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an viii STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby certify that this thesis entitled “An Investigation into Learners’ Linguistic Problems in TOEIC Listening Comprehension at the Centre for Foreign Studies, Nong Lam University – Hochiminh City” is my own work This thesis has not been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other institution Ho Chi Minh City, November 29th, 2011 NGUYEN DANG THI CUC HUYEN Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an ix RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, NGUYEN DANG THI CUC HUYEN, being the candidate for the degree of Master of TESOL at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities, accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and the use of Master’s Theses deposited in Library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the Library should be accessible for purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by Library for the care, loan or reproduction of theses Ho Chi Minh City, November 29th, 2011 NGUYEN DANG THI CUC HUYEN Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 121 □ Very much (75- 100 %) 10 Do you spend time practicing listening at home? □ Yes □ No If “Yes”, please answer the following questions If “No”, please continue answering question 13 11 How many hours a week you practice listening English? □ < hours □ – hours □ > hours 12 How you practice listening English? (Tick as many as applicable) □ Listen to the casse es/CDs that you are learning at CFS – Nong Lam University □ Listen to other casse es/CDs □ Listen to English programs on the radio □ Listen to English programs on TV □ Listen to English programs on the Internet □ Watch films in English □ Listen to music in English □ Others: (please clarify) 13 What are your ways in learning listening comprehension? (Tick as many as applicable) □ Using background knowledge to understand a text □ Reading tapescripts before listening Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 122 □ Trying to understand every word, everything the speaker says □ Guessing the meaning through contexts □ Using pre-listening language or information provided to better understand □ Taking notes □ Memorizing the whole text □ Referring to teacher’s explanation and clarification □ Transla ng into Vietnamese while listening □ Listening more than once to understand □ Other: (please clarify) 14 In your opinion, what should you to improve your listening comprehension? Thanks for your help Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 123 APPENDIX CÂU HỎI PHỎNG VẤN HỌC VIÊN Anh/chị có gặp khó khăn học phần Nghe Hiểu TOEIC không? Những khó khăn anh/chị gì? Anh/chị gặp khó khăn nhận diện âm nghe? Cho ví dụ? - Anh/chị có thường gặp khó khăn nhận điện âm hay khơng? Đó khó khăn gì? Xin cho ví dụ? - Anh/chị có thường gặp khó khăn với giọng nói khác / ngữ điệu / hình thức rút gọn (đồng hóa âm, đọc nuốt, nối vần, chèn âm, âm đọc nhẹ, đọc dạng rút gọn) hay không? Anh/chị gặp khó khăn nào? Tại sao? - Theo anh/chị, anh/chị lại gặp khó khăn này? Anh/chị gặp khó khăn việc hiểu từ vựng nghe? - Anh/chị có thường gặp khó khăn với từ xuất quan hệ kết hợp / từ sử dụng văn nói / tiếng lóng / thành ngữ / tiền tố hậu tố / nhiều từ xuất nhiều thời gian ngắn / từ có nhiều nghĩa? Anh/chị gặp khó khăn nào? Tại sao? - Theo anh/chị, anh/chị lại gặp khó khăn này? Anh/chị gặp khó khăn ngữ pháp để hiểu nghe? - Anh/chị có thường gặp khó khăn với cấu trúc phức tạp / cấu trúc khơng quen sử dụng / câu nói chưa hồn chỉnh, bị bỏ dỡ / tình làm khơng hiểu nghĩa? Anh/chị gặp khó khăn nào? Tại sao? - Theo anh/chị, anh/chị lại gặp khó khăn này? Anh/chị nghĩ nên làm để cải thiện khả nghe hiểu? 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APPENDIX INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR LEARNERS Do you face any difficulty when you learn TOEIC listening comprehension? What are your problems in understanding a listening text? What difficulties regarding phonological features you encounter in a listening text? Can you tell me some examples? - Do you usually face difficulties in recognizing the sounds? What are they? Can you tell me some examples? - Do you usually face difficulties with accents / stress and intonation / reduced forms (assimilation, elision, liaison, intrusion, weak forms, contraction)? How - Why you think you encounter these difficulties? (What are the causes of these problems?) What difficulties regarding lexical features you encounter in understanding a listening text? Can you tell me some examples? - Do you usually face difficulties with collocation / colloquialism / slang / idioms / prefixes and suffixes / lexical density / words with multiple meanings? How? - Why you think you encounter these difficulties? (What are the causes of these problems?) Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 125 What difficulties regarding the grammatical structures you encounter? Can you tell me some examples? - Do you usually face difficulties with complex syntactic structures / unfamiliar syntactic structures / incomplete utterances / meaning in the context? How? - Why you think you face these difficulties? (What are the causes of these problems?) What you think you should to improve your listening skills? What you wish your teachers to to help you enhance your listening skills? In your opinion, does your linguistic knowledge provide any support for your listening comprehension? If “Yes”, how does your linguistic knowledge help you understand a text? Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 126 REFERENCES Books and Journals: Abbott, G., Greenwood, J., McKeating, D., and Wingard, P (1981) The Teaching of English as an International Language – A Practice Guide London: Collins ELT Anderson, A and Lynch, T (1988) Listening Oxford: Oxford University Press Andrews, R (2001) Teaching and Learning English London and New York: Continuum Arbogast, B., et all (2001) TOEIC Official Test-Preparation Guide (2nd ed.) New Jersey: Educational Testing Service Ary, D., Jacobs, L C., and Razavieh, A (1990) Introduction to Research in Education Harcourt School Avery, P and Ehrlich, S (1992) Teaching American English Pronunciation Oxford: Oxford University Press Bowler, B and Parminter, S (2005) New Headway Pronunciation PreIntermediate Student’s Practice Book Oxford: Oxford University Press Brown, G (1990) Listening to Spoken English (2nd ed.) New York: Longman Group UK Ltd Brown, G and Yule, G (1983) Teaching the Spoken English Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Brown, H D (1994) Teaching by Principles New Jersey: Prentice Hall Regents Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 127 Brown, H D (2000) Principles of Language Learning and Teaching (4th ed.) 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Electronic files: “About Us” Nong Lam University Centre for Foreign Studies Retrieved on March 10, 2011 from http://nlucfs.edu.vn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=21&Ite mi d=5 Forster, D E and Karn, R (1998) Teaching TOEIC/TOEFL Test-Taking Strategies Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (32nd, Seattle, WA, March 17-21, 1998) Retrieved on December 15, 2009 from http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED427543.pdf Guo, N (Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, China) and Wills, R (University of Tasmania, Australia) An Investigation of Factors Influencing English Listening Comprehension and Possible Measures for Improvement Retrieved on December 15, 2009 from http://www.aare.edu.au/05pap/guo05088.pdf How to Cite References Using APA Style Retrieved on September 30, 2010 from http://www.uwp.edu/departments/library/guides/apa.htm Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 134 Richards, J C (2008) Teaching Listening and Speaking – From Theory to Practice (e-book) New York: Cambridge University Press Retrieved on September 30, 2010 from http://www.cambridge.org/other_files/downloads/esl/booklets/RichardsTeaching-Listening-Speaking.pdf Rubin, J (1994) A Review of Second Language Listening Comprehension Research The Modern Language Journal, 78, 2, 199-221 Retrieved on June 06, 2010 from http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~jgc/512/listening_rubin.pdf Shang, H.F (2008) Listening Strategy Use and Linguistic Patterns in Listening Comprehension In EFL Learners’, International Journal of Listening 22: 1, 2945 Retrieved on September 19, 2010 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10904010701802147 Stæhr, L S (2009) Vocabulary Knowledge and Advanced Listening Comprehension in English as a Foreign Language Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Retrieved on September 30, 2010 from http://journals.cambridge.org/download.php?file=%2FSLA%2FSLA31_04%2 FS0272263109990039a.pdf&code=400e1387df78862c3f42f347c677729f Stranks, J (2010) Listening in the long term – language, not skills In BrazTesol Newsletter - June 2010 Retrieved on November 23, 2010 from http://www.jeffstranks.com/Jeff_Stranks/articles_files/Listening%20in%20the %20long%20term.pdf Teaching Listening Retrieved on September 30, 2010 from http://www.scribd.com/doc/32124132/Teaching-Listening Thomlison, T D (1984) Relational Listening: Theoretical and Practical Considerations Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the 5th International Listening Association, 1984 30pp Retrieved on December 15, Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn