A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in english and vietnamese = phân tích đối chiếu bổ ngữ trước của cụm danh từ trong tiếng anh và tiếng việt

A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese vinh university foreign language department === === trÞnh thÞ minh A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and vietnamese (phân tích đối chiếu bổ ngữ tr-íc cđa cơm danh tõ tiÕng anh vµ tiÕng viÖt ) Graduation thesis Field: linguistics Vinh, may 2009 =  = TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my hearty gratitude to Mrs Ngun ThÞ Kim Anh, MA who supervised me to finish this graduation thesis During the time when I was doing my graduation paper, she has helped me with enthusiastic guidance, adequate help, and especially invaluable encouragement The paper would not have been completed without her direction, instruction, and especially the generous consultation I would also like to say my thankfulness to my lecturers, especially Mrs Cao Thị Ph-ơng at the Foreign language Department, Vinh University for her books, reference books, and graduation papers From those materials, I could approach to different sources of knowledge My thanks also go to 32 students from the course 47 of Foreign Language Department and pupils from Thanh Hoa Intern Ethenic High School for their enthusiasm and participation in this study I am also grateful to my family, my relatives, and my friends who comforted me and helped me a lot My parents advised me to concentrate on my study and supported me whenever I met some obstacles My friends lent me lost of useful materials In my opinion, learning is a long process in which the teachers play an important role in helping students reach to the final study target I am indebted to the teachers of my university, especially my teachers of Foreign language Department for their comprehensive lessons as well as their encouragement Finally, I wish to acknowledge to all Vinh, May 2009 TrÞnh ThÞ Minh TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Abstract This study aims to discuss the premodification of noun phrases in English and in Vietnamese and their impact upon teaching and learning English in the Vietnamese situation Attempts have been to state the similarities and differences in premodification of noun phrases – in the two languages and raise and solve some difficulties and problems arising particularly from differences between English and Vietnamese Finally, some suggestions are made for those who may be responsible for teaching English as a Foreign Language to younger pupils as well as adults, or to students at universities or colleges TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Abbreviations E.g : For example Premo : premodification Postmo : postmodification etc : et cetera i.e : it means that * : impossible => : entail Table of contents Page Acknowledgements i TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Abstract ii Abbreviations iii Table of contents iv Part A: Introduction 1 Rationale of the study Aims of the study Scope of the study Methods of the study Design of the study Part B: Development Chaper 1: Theoretical Background 1.1 An overview on Contrastive analysis 1.2 Noun phrases in English 1.2.1 Definition 1.2.2 Parts of the noun phrases 1.3 Noun phrases in Vietnamese 1.3.1 Definition 1.3.2 Part of the noun phrases Chapter 2: Premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese 12 2.1 Premodification of noun phrases in English 12 2.1.1 Types of premodification items 12 2.1.2 Premodification by Adjectives 14 2.1.3 Premodification by Participles 14 2.1.4 Premodification by Genitive 15 2.1.5 Premodification by Genitives without Head 16 TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese 2.1.6 Premodification by Nouns 16 2.1.7 Multiple premodification 17 2.2 Premodification of noun phrases in Vietnamese 18 2.2.1 The classifier c¸i 19 2.2.2 Quantity words 21 2.2.3 Fixed order Words 23 Chapter A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese 25 3.1 Adjectives 26 3.2 Participles 29 3.3 Genitives 32 3.4 Nouns 33 3.5 Quantity 34 Chapter Some suggestions for teaching english noun phrases to Vietnamese learners 36 4.1 Mistakes in using noun phrases 36 4.2 Suggestions to the problem 37 Part C: Conclusion 41 Concluding remarks 41 Suggestions for further studies 42 References 43 Appendix Part A: introduction Rationale of the study English is the most popular language in the world It plays an important role in our social-economic life of human beings Indeed, in the minds of TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese many people, there is no longer an issue They argue that English has already become a world knowledge by virtue of the political and economic progress made by English speaking nations in the past 200 years It is now the main language of books, newspapers, airports, international business and academic conferences, science technology, medicine, diplomacy, sports, international competition, pop music and advertising In order to speed up the country’s economy, and to improve living standards as soon as possible, it is very necessary for scientists, technicians and engineers to learn and acquire English so as to keep up date with the latest developments in technology taking place in the world Learning and teaching English, reading with comprehension or translating material from English into Vietnamese or vice versa, always create difficulties for learners particularly because of the differences between English and Vietnamese There are differences in phonology, vocabulary and grammar In order to help learners acquire a better knowledge of English, it is of great importance to predict difficulties arising from the differences between the two languages and solve them In English grammar, word combination in phrase is considered to be one of the most difficult phenomena For instance, they can not tell which of the following phrases is true or false E.g ‚The boy selling car‛ ‚The boy who sells car‛ Noun phrase is one of the most important word groups carrying much semantic weight We ourselves sometimes make confusion in using English noun phrases To Vietnamese, noun phrase is different In order to distinguish this issue, in this graduation thesis, we have decided to choose the topic ‚A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese and Vietnamese‛ Through contrastive analysis, we can enrich our knowledge about premodificaton of noun phrases in both languages in order to help students learn English well We hope that this study will contribute a small part in teaching and learning noun phrases Aims of the study The thesis targets to: - Giving a systematical presentation of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese - Making a contrast between English and Vietnamese premodification of noun phrases and a part from that, find their similarities and differences - Giving out some suggestions for teaching noun phrases to Vietnamese learners Scope of the study Noun phrase is an important and complicated part of English Grammar in English Besides, due to constraints as well as the framework of a graduation thesis, it is impossible to touch all the differences and similarities in syntactic structures In this study, we only mention some common features of premodification of English and Vietnamese then a contrastive analysis of English and Vietnamese language Methods of the study With the aims above, in the course of writing paper, we have followed the procedure below: - Describing theoretical premises of premodification of noun phrases - Collecting and classifying materials, analyzing and synthesizing all information about premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese - Contrasting English premodification of noun phrases with those in Vietnamese to find out the differences and similarities between them TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Design of the study Except for the acknowledgement, the abstract, the table of contents as well as the references, appendix, this study consists of three parts Part A entitled ‚Introduction‛ outlines the background of the Graduation Thesis In this part, we present some information about the reasons for choosing the subject, the aims, the scope, the methods and the design of the study Part B entitled ‚Development‛ includes four chapters Chapter deals with the theoretical background Chapter is about Premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Chapter gives out A contrastive analysis of Premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Chapter provides Some suggestions for Teaching noun phrases to Vietnamese learners Part C entitled ‚Conclusion‛ expresses a brief overview on the achievements of the thesis and gives some suggestions for further studies References Appendix Part B: development Chapter Theoretical Background TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese 1.1 An overview on Contrastive analysis Nowadays, the distances among countries are day by day shortened by the development of technology and information and exchanges are greatly increasing, which lead to the demand for learning and teaching of foreign languages and interpretation Contrastive Analysis (CA) is to compare two or more languages regardless of whether they are related to each other and of course, to find out the differences and similarities between them Thus, it plays an important role in translating, teaching and learning a foreign language There are two kinds of CA: the contrast of languages and the contrast of signs The contrast of languages is comparing one language to another, of which is the base and the other is the means of contrast This kind aims at finding out their specific features The contrast of signs is the study on the inside relationships of languages such as categories, structural systems and so on In practice, CA has its usages as follows: - The ability of discovering a great number of structural features of contrasted languages - The ability of discovering the new interesting language phenomena which can not be recognized if not compared Especially, by comparing the languages, CA can point out some solutions to pedagogical problems as follows: - Solving difficulties in all aspects of languages that the learners often encounter when they learn a foreign language - Collecting and selecting materials for language teaching - Establishing an appropriate order of materials for learning foreign languages TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 10 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese E.g - A newly-arrived immigrant Mét ng-êi di c- míi ®Õn - A recently sold car Mét chiÕc « t« míi b¸n - The above – mentioned article Một đề cập In most cases, we see that paralleled order of compound adjectives can be seen in the two languages, but in some cases, it is different 3.3 Genitives One type of premodification in English is in the genitive case; - This fine old man’s scruffy bowler hat E.g The sentence can be analyzed as follows: Noun phrase (genitive) - This fine old man’s Adjective - scruffy Noun modifier - bowler Head noun - hat Noun phrases in genitive are marked by an’s added to the final word (not necessarily the head) to indicate possession E.g - An old man’s bicycle - A man’s old bicycle In Vietnamese, there is no case comparable to this If one wants to express possession as in: TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 36 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese - An old man’s bicycle One has to use the word của-of - Chiếc xe đạp ông già A bicycle of an old man - Ngôi nhà thầy giáo The house of the teacher In such noun phrases, in English, heads are placed at the end, but in Vietnamese, the situation is quite different since they stand at the beginning of the phrase A notable feature of English genitive premodification is the deletion of the heads especially when this denotes premises of establishment; E.g a I shall be at Bill’s Where ‚Bill’s‛ would normally mean ‚where Bill lives‛ Or b I shall be at the dentist’s The ‚dentist’s‛ here refers to a commercial premises Such cases not exist in Vietnamese To express these ideas the Vietnamese have to use the word nơi or chỗ place or house for (a) and phòng khám a room for health examination-for (b) Thus: a Tôi có mặt / đến chỗ Bill b Tôi đến phòng khám 3.4 Nouns As to modification by nouns, we can see that this occurs in both languages The difference is once more position of modifier in relation to the heads of noun phrases TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 37 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese In English, they stand before the head - A factory manager While in Vietnamese, they are placed after the head: - Ông giám đốc nhà máy Mr manager factory However, it is easy for learners to learn the order because it is paralleled in the two languages E.g - A car factory manager Giám đốc nhà máy ô tô 3.5 Quantity In English as well as in Vietnamese, numbers and quantity words are used as premodification - The two students Hai sinh viªn -All books you borrowed from the library TÊt c¶ sách anh m-ợn th- viện At the same time, we see that the order of words in these noun phrases is the same in the two languages - The three girls Ba cô gái Trịnh Thị Minh K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 38 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese - Two hundred people took part in the demonstration Hai trăm ng-ời tham gia biĨu t×nh But one point should be mentioned here In English, ‚every‛ and ‚all‛ can not co-occur However, in Vietnamese the two equivalent forms tất - all; - every are used together E.g - TÊt c¶ mäi ng-êi ph¶i cã mỈt tr-íc 10 giê All every person must be present before 10 In short, on comparing English premodification of noun phrases with their Vietnamese equivalents, one can see that Vietnamese premodification is much more widely used than English ones It is much more varied than the English premodification in its meanings, and its positions TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 39 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Chapter Some suggestions for teaching english noun phrases to Vietnamese learners 4.1 Mistakes in using noun phrases Everyone has his own way of thinking and habit of using words, his national customs and culture That is the reason why people make mistakes in the process of learning another language Moreover, during two months working as a teacher with padegogical practicing time at Thanh Hoa Intern Ethenic High School, we have given tests to pupils at 11B, 12B that help us find out mistake positions In the process of learning and teaching English in practice at high school, we find out that pupils, at different levels, often make mistakes in using noun phrases Different ways of using noun phrases in English and Vietnamese lead to unavoidable mistakes In this part, we are going to point out mistakes made by the Vietnamese especially the pupils in using premodifiers of the English noun phrase In some examples, we order pupils to translate some sentences from Vietnamese into English E.g Chiếc mũ màu đỏ Most of the answers are: A hat new red (incorrect) In fact, they are expected to give a better translation: A new red hat (correct) The reason why pupils make mistakes is that they use grammar or vocabulary incorrectly Because of the nagative transfer of their mother tongue in the use of noun phrase, they translate word by word What’s more, they not master the orders of words to form noun phrases in English so they have difficulty in using them TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 40 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Similarly, in other examples: - Một ng-ời phụ nữ trẻ đẹp E.g Most of the answers are: - A woman young beautiful (incorrect) In fact, they are expected to give a better translation: - A young beautiful woman (correct) E.g - Ba chiÕc xe Mỹ lớn màu xanh ®¾t tiỊn Most of the answers are: - Three cars American big blue first of us are expensive (incorrect) In fact, they are expected to give a better translation: - Our first three big blue American cars are expensive (correct) E.g - Nhiều ch-ơng trình phát Việt nam hay bắt đầu tháng sau Most of the answers are: - Many radio programs Vietnamese good will begin next month (incorrect) In fact, they are expected to give a better translation: - Many good Vietnamese radio programs will begin next month (correct) E.g - Khu v-ên míi réng ®Đp Most of the answers are: - The garden new large nice (incorrect) In fact, they are expected to give a better translation: - The nice new large garden (correct) 4.2 Suggestions to the problem For beginning learners such as pupils to avoid or overcome the above mistakes, the teacher should: Introduce a table, in which the order (position) of adjectives or nouns to form noun phrase It is easier for the learners to learn by heart, to bear in their mind TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 41 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese E.g The following table and examples Article to Adjective to describe indefine, Adjective to genitive, cardinal Adjective to Quality/degree color Her attractive green An interesting blue Other nouns Main nationality noun etc These two Several chinese silk dress earthenware vase happy little narrow boys black picture frames After introducing the table, the noun phrase with premodification which consists of only one adjective should be taught first, then we the same with more than one adjectives We ask learners to translate sentences from Vietnamese into English E.g - Mét chuyÕn du ngoạn đáng nhớ (không thể quên) Expected answer: An unforgettable trip E.g - Một cô gái xinh xắn nhảy công viên Expected answer: A beautiful girl is dancing in the park E.g - Hai chiÕc mũ to màu đỏ Expected answer: Two big red hats E.g - Một nơi nắng ấm cúng Expected answer: A neat cozy sunshiny place However, we should give some types of exercises By that way, the learners will have a chance to practice and have a deep understanding of them The following types of exercises may be suggested a Recognition exercises which are the easiest type of exercises for learners to perform They observe the grammar item in structures when TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 42 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese hearing or reading Since learners only observe the new grammar items the situations should be natural and communicative Learners can be asked: - To listen to a sentence in which there is a noun phrase E.g A man in the corner is smoking a cigarette - To read sentence E.g - I saw her pretty daughter in the post-office It is desirable that sentences formed should relate to real situations and fact Recognition exercises are indispensable as learners retain the grammar material through auditory and visual perception Auditory and visual memory is at work b Drill exercises: These can be applied for various forms but in order to teach noun phrases that is very necessary In learning a foreign language, drill exercises are indispensable The learners can not assimilate the material if they only hear and see it They must produce it both in reading and writing The more they say it, the better they assimilate the material E.g We order learners to practise reading these sentences in the correct word order: Do you have (a/book/new/telephone)? The library has (English/easy/books/very/several) Mrs Miller has (suit/pretty/a/green/very) The church has (pictures/very/old/some/Spanish) I like (two/silk/those/dresses/blue) (black/dress/pretty/her/wool) is at the cleaner’s The parents select (names/first/their/two/children’s) (these/bills/one-dollar/new/five) are for you He is (young/a/student/American) 10 (first/names/daughter’s/her/two) are Mary Grant TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 43 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese All types of exercises mentioned above are thought to be suitable for pupils and beginners But it is impossible to teach all the problems concerning the English noun phrases to them at a time So the materials should be carefully chosen We have shown common mistakes made by the Vietnamese pupils during studying English noun phrases and suggestions to the problem which may not enough However, it is hoped that this would help teachers and learners And to combine theory with practice is always the best way that the learners should keep in mind Generally, mistakes are unavoidable When learners make mistake, it is teacher, who has the duty to correct them by using most effective ways It also demands the teacher’s creation important character TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 44 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Part C: conclusion Concluding remarks English and Vietnamese noun phrase are important in sentences They sometimes make learners or users troubled in using them, particulary premodification That is the reason why we pay attention to premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese To facilitate the process of the study, we tried to draw overall picture of premodification in the two languages We start firsly with the theoretical background of noun phrase in English and Vietnamese Before making a contrastive analysis, we list main types of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Then we conduct a contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrase in English and Vietnamese Last but not least, we searched mistakes by learners of English and suggested ways to overcome them And through this study, we have found out some similarities and differences in using between two languages Even though similarities is less than differences The similarity is about some positions of quantity words because both languages ones stands a head in the noun phrases And the differences here are position of premodification in two languages Normally, premodification in English used opposite in Vietnamese We have tried to show some mistakes that learners often meet when translating from Vietnamese noun phrases into English ones as well as supply learners some useful exercises to practice This help us a lot in teaching and learning English at high school Suggestions for further studies Because of the limitation of knowledge and experience, we would not come up to all aspects of the matter We hope that the finding in this study TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 45 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese will be some sort of supplementary information for those who are interested in premodification of English noun phrase Actually, there are many things left for further research There will be other aspects such as prepositional phrase in English and Vietnamese or postmodification to discover the other things related to noun phrase in other languages TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 46 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese References In Vietnamese Diệp Quang Ban, (2001), Ngữ pháp tiếng việt (tËp hai), NXB Gi¸o Dơc DiƯp Quang Ban, (2004), Ngữ pháp tiếng việt, NXB Giáo Dục Diệp Quang Ban, Hoàng Dân, (2000), Ngữ pháp tiếng việt, NXB Giáo Dục Nguyễn Tài Cẩn, (1996), Ngữ pháp tiếng việt, NXB đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội Nguyễn Văn Chiến, (1992), Ngôn ngữ đối chiếu đối chiếu ngôn ngữ Đông Nam á, NXB đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội Lê Dũng, (2002), Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh nâng cao (Advanced English Grammar), NXB Giáo dục Trần Văn Điền, (1998), Văn phạm tiếng anh thực hành (Practical English Grammar Course), NXB Thµnh Hå ChÝ Minh Đỗ Thị Kim Liên, (2002), Ngữ pháp tiếng việt, NXB Giáo Dục Nguyễn Phú Phong, (2002), Những vấn đề ngữ pháp tiếng việt, Nhà xuất đại học quốc gia Hµ Néi In English Eastwood, J (1994) Oxford Guide to English Grammar Hång K«ng: Oxford university Press Hà, Nguyễn Thị (2008) Difficulties facing 3rd year English majors in translating English noun phrases Vinh university Jacobs, R.A (1995) English Syntax: A Grammar for English Language Professionals Oxford University Press James, C (1980) Contrastive analysis Longman Group Ltd Leech, G & Svartvik, J (1975) A communicative Grammar of English Singapore: Longman TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 47 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S (1972) A university Grammar of English Longman Quirk, R & Greenbaum, S (1973) A university Grammar of English Longman Quirk, Randolph et al (1972) A Grammar of contemporary English London: Longman Quirk, R.(1975) A reference grammar for students of English England: Longman 10 Schmidt, H (1999) Advanced English Grammar New Jersey Prentice Hall Regents Website: http://www.usingenglish.com/glossary/noun-phrase.html TrÞnh ThÞ Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 48 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an A contrastive analysis of premodification of noun phrases in English and Vietnamese APPENDIX I Questions to experiment for students in Vinh university Which answer you prefer to provide a natural equivalent in Vietnamese for the English phrases? Do you have any other ideas for each phrase or noun phrase? A fat old man a Ông già béo b Ông béo già c Both a and b accepted An old blue dress a Bộ quần áo xanh cũ b Bộ quần áo cũ xanh c Both a and b accepted A large enough lecture room a Một phòng giảng đ-ờng đủ rộng b Một phòng giảng đ-ờng rộng đủ c Both a and b accepted II Questions to experiment for pupils in Thanh Hoa Intern Ethenic High school Translate the following sentences from Vietnamese into English: Chiếc áo bơi Một ng-ời bạn tốt Món ăn Tàu Quả bóng tròn Chiếc váy Trịnh Thị Minh – K45E1 English – Vinh University Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 49 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn