Teaching the consonants s and z to majored english sstudents at nha trang teachers college problems and solutions

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES FACULTY OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS AND LITERATURE  TEACHING THE CONSONANTS /s/ AND /z/ TO MAJORED ENGLISH STUDENTS AT NHA TRANG TEACHERS COLLEGE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts (TESOL) Submitted by VŨ THỊ LAN PHƯƠNG Supervised by LÊ HOÀNG DŨNG, Ph.D Ho Chi Minh City, October 2011 i CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY OF MASTERS’ THESIS I hereby certify my authorship of the thesis submitted today entitled TEACHING THE CONSONANTS /s/ AND /z/ TO ENGLISH MAJORED LEARNERS AT NHA TRANG TEACHERS COLLEGE: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS In terms of the Statements of requirements for Theses in Master’s programs issued by the Higher Degree Committee This thesis has not previously been submitted for the award of any degree or diploma in any other at Universities and Institutions Ho Chi Minh City, October 2011 Vũ Thị Lan Phương ii RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, VŨ THỊ LAN PHƯƠNG, being the candidate for the degree of Master of Arts in TESOL, accept the requirements of the university relating to the retention and use of Master’s Thesis deposited in the University Library I agree that the original of my Master’s Thesis deposited in the University Library should be accessible for the purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Library for the care, loan and reproduction for theses Ho Chi Minh City, October 2011 Signature ………………… VŨ THỊ LAN PHƯƠNG iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and above all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my respectable supervisor, Lê Hoàng Dũng, Ph.D., who read my manuscript with great care and devotion, gave me clear explanation, thoughtful and insightful comments, specific guidance in the preparation and completion of this thesis I would not have finished my thesis without his enthusiastic guidance and constructive critical questions to help me think over the problems My thanks also go to the authors for the ideas quoted in the thesis Their books are a great source for me to produce my M.A thesis For specific help, I am also grateful to Ms Kathy Hồng Anh Nguyễn who enthusiastically helped me make the test CD Thanks are also offered to the teaching staff at English Section of Foreign Languages Department and 60 students of the two classes English1A and English1B who major in Primary English Teaching at Nha Trang Teachers College who seriously took part in the study so that the thesis could be completed In addition, I am also grateful to my close friends, Ms Nguyễn Hoàng Mai Thy and Mr Nguyễn Tấn Lộc, for their careful discussion during the time of conducting the thesis Last but not least, I not forget to say thank you to my husband and my parents for their care and supports Ho Chi Minh City, October 2011 iv Vũ Thị Lan Phương ABSTRACT Although generally recognized as one of the essential constituents of English, pronunciation has been one of the most neglected areas in teaching and learning English at high schools in Vietnam This leads to a worrying consequence – a great number of Vietnamese students are not fully-aware that English pronunciation should be acquired as one of the first things whenever they engaged in this language if they want to be good at face-to-face communication; and such students not partly or totally succeed in understanding their interlocutors as well as to make them understood in oral communication As the matter of fact, in comparison with English, the two alveolar fricatives /s/ and /z/ in Vietnamese not exist (1) at the final position of words such as books, shops, cats, laughs, bees, eyes, needs, bags, combs, gardens or (2) at consonant clusters such as school, strong, basket, films – these are frequently employed in daily conversations Unfortunately, most of the learners at Nha Trang Teachers College make a lot of mistakes relating to the two consonants in their utterance The thesis investigated, to some extent, possible problems which are being faced by the student subjects at Nha Trang Teachers College in acquiring the two English alveolar fricatives /s/ and /z/ Its study was mainly based on the questionnaires delivered to informants of 60 first-year students majoring in Primary English Teaching, and 14 teachers at the college who were experienced in teaching English The study was also based on the sound recognition written test and the sound production recording The objectives, in terms of segments and in the supra-segmental aspects, were to search for (1) the potential pronunciation problems that affect Vietnamese learners’ production of v English /s/ and /z/, (2) the NTTC students’ real problems in dealing with the two consonants /s/ and /z/ The thesis is also hoped to bring to both teachers and a great number of Vietnamese learners of English of various types the beneficial suggested strategies to the teaching and learning of /s/ and /z/, which hopefully will be feasible and promising to the success of both the students and teachers vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS C : Consonants EFL : English as a Foreign Language ESL : English as a Second Language L1 : Language one (the mother tongue) L2 : Language two (the second/foreign language) NTTC : Nha Trang Teachers College SLA : Second Language Acquisition St : Student TESOL : Teaching English to speakers as other languages V : Vowels vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1: Structure of the English syllable 13 Figure 2.2: Syllable structure for onset: ons-et, on-set, o-nset 15 Figure 2.3: Syllable structures for presence, showing ambisyllabicity 16 Figure 2.4: Structure of the English syllable 23 Figure 4.1: Teachers and students’ viewpoint of the importance of English pronunciation teaching 48 Figure 4.2: Students’ self-evaluation on the influence of their acquisition of /s/ and /z/ on their English pronunciation 59 Figure 4.3: Students’ problems of all kinds involved in pronouncing /s/ and /z/ 62 Figure 5.1: Articulators involved in producing /s/ and /z/ (The tongue tip and the alveolar ridge) 67 Figure 5.2 Bingo sheet for individual work 69 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an viii LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Clusters containing /s/ occur in onset (/s/ + voiceless stop) 14 Table 2.2: Clusters containing /s/ occur in onset (/s/ + voiceless stop + approximant) 14 Table 2.3: Clusters containing /s/ occur in onset 14 Table 2.4: Consonant final clusters related to /s/ and /z/ occur in coda 15 Table 2.5: Regressive assimilation in the modal verb has to 18 Table 2.6: Progressive assimilation in regular plural nouns, third-person singular presenttense verbs, and possessive case ending in a voiced nonsibilant or a vowel 20 Table 2.7: Progressive assimilation in regular plural nouns, third-person singular presenttense verbs, and possessive case ending in a voiceless nonsibilant or a vowel 20 Table 2.8: Progressive assimilation with personal pronoun and contraction form of “is” or “has” 21 Table 2.9: Progressive assimilation with Wh-word and contraction form of “is” or “has” 22 Table 2.10: Progressive assimilation with the determiner “that” and contraction form of “is” or “has” 22 Table 2.11: Structure of Vietnamese syllable 23 Table 2.12: Pronunciation problems related to /s/ and /z/ as segments and in the suprasegmental aspects 27 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an ix Table 4.1: Teachers’ and students’ evaluation of students’ interest in pronunciation classes 49 Table 4.2: Students’ choices of their favorite activity in pronunciation classes in teachers’ and students’ viewpoint 50 Table 4.3: Students’ choices of the most activating and effective activity in pronunciation classes in teachers’ and students’ viewpoint 50 Table 4.4: Pronunciation problems in pronouncing the English /s/ and /z/ as segments in teachers’ viewpoint 51 Table 4.5: Students’ mispronouncing related to English /s/ and /z/ as segments 52 Table 4.6: Students’ difficulties in pronouncing /s/ and /z/ in the supra-segmental aspects in teachers’ viewpoint 53 Table 4.7: Students’ opinion about their difficulties in pronouncing English /s/ and /z/ and in pronouncing consonant clusters containing /s/ and /z/ 54 Table 4.8 Pronunciation of English /s/ and /z/ under assimilation 55 Table 4.9: Ways to overcome the pronunciation problems related to English /s/ and /z/ 56 Table 4.10: Teachers’ view on how important their students’ correct pronunciation of /s/ and /z/ is in communication 57 Table 4.11: Students’ evaluation of how important pronouncing /s/ and /z/ correctly is 58 Table 4.12: Teachers’ evaluation of their students’ pronunciation progress after being exposed to the explicit teaching of /s/ and /z/ 58 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 104 Appendix 5: Students’ questionnaire (in Vietnamese) Trường Cao đẳng Sư Phạm Nha Trang Khoa Ngoại ngữ Tổ Tiếng Anh PHIẾU KHẢO SÁT (Dành cho Sinh viên) Thân gửi bạn sinh viên, Xin vui lòng trả lời câu hỏi bảng khảo sát cách đánh dấu chéo (X) vào câu trả lời chọn (có thể có nhiều lựa chọn cho câu hỏi) xếp lựa chọn theo thứ tự ưu tiên (1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…) Câu trả lời anh/chị liệu quan trọng, có ý nghĩa định thành công đề tài luận văn Thạc sĩ đảm bảo sử dụng vào mục đích nghiên cứu, khơng nhằm mục đích khác (sẽ khơng có thơng tin cá nhân anh/chị bị tiết lộ) PHẦN 1: THÔNG TIN CÁ NHÂN Họ tên :…………………………………………………………………………… Giới tính  Nam  Nữ Tuổi: ………………… Số năm học tiếng Anh: ……………………………………………………………… PHẦN 2: CÂU HỎI NGHIÊN CỨU Theo anh/chị, việc luyện phát âm có vai trị trình học tiếng Anh?  Rất quan trọng  Quan trọng  Bình thường  Khơng quan trọng  Rất không quan trọng Anh/Chị cảm nhận học luyện phát âm?  Rất hứng thú  Hứng thú  Bình thường  Không hứng thú  Rất không hứng thú Trong học luyện phát âm, anh/chị thích hoạt động sau đây? (Xin xếp theo thứ tự giảm dần, 1=thích nhất.)  Luyện riêng âm (practice in discrete sounds)  Luyện âm từ riêng lẻ (practice in individual words)  Luyện âm câu (practice in a sentence) Hoạt động khác…………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 105 Theo anh/chị, họat động sau vừa giúp học luyện phát âm sinh động mà hiệu quả?( Xin xếp theo thứ tự giảm dần, 1=hiệu nhất.)  Đọc lại theo băng, đĩa  Chơi trò chơi  Đọc lại theo giáo viên  Nghe hát  Hoạt động khác: ………………………………………………………………………… Anh/ chị có cảm thấy khó phát âm từ tiếng Anh dựa vào chữ viết từ hay khơng?  Có  Khơng 10 Khoanh trịn chữ “a” “b” để chọn phụ âm tiếng Anh ( in đậm gạch chân) có phát âm giống với phụ âm tương đương bên tiếng Việt a so – sâu b so – xâu a sell – xeo b sell - seo a sea – si b sea – xi 11 Khoanh tròn chữ “a”, “b”, “c” “d” để chọn phụ âm tiếng Anh ( in đậm gạch chân) có phát âm giống với phụ âm tương đương bên tiếng Việt a zone – sâu b zone – xâu c zone – dâu d zone – giâu a zero – si râu b zero – xi râu c zero – di râu d zero – gi râu a busy – bi-sì b busy – bi-xì c busy – bi-dì d busy – bi-gì 12 Trong trình học luyện phát âm, anh/chị có nhận thấy phụ âm /s/ từ case phụ âm /z/ từ choose khó để phát âm xác khơng?  Có  Khơng (Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu hỏi 13 14) Xin cho biết lý do:  Không quen đọc phụ âm cuối /s/ /z/  Những lý khác: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… 13 Anh/chị thường làm gặp phải trở ngại việc phát âm phụ âm cuối /s/ /z/?  Không đọc phụ âm cuối /s/ /z/  Nhầm lẫn cách đọc phụ âm /s/ /z/ âm có hình thức chữ viết “s”  Những cách xử lý khác: Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 106 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… 14 Anh/Chị làm để khắc phục khó khăn vừa nêu để phát âm phụ âm cuối /s/ /z/ từ, cụm từ, câu chứa âm cuối /s/ /z/? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………… …… 15 Anh/chị có gặp khó khăn việc phát âm phụ âm /s/ /z/ cụm phụ âm, ví dụ phụ âm /s/ strong, guests phụ âm /z/ phones?  Có  Khơng (Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu hỏi 16 17) Xin cho biết lý do:  Cảm thấy không quen với cụm phụ âm Các lý khác: …………… 16 Anh/chị thường làm gặp phải trở ngại để phát âm từ tiếng Anh có cụm phụ âm chứa /s/ /z/ ?  Không đọc hay phụ âm cụm phụ âm (ví dụ: strong phát âm /trQN/ thay phải đọc /strQN/, phones đọc /f@U/ thay phải phát âm /f@Unz/ đúng) Những cách xử lý khác: 17 Anh/chị làm để khắc phục khó khăn để luyện tập phát âm từ, cụm từ, câu có cụm phụ âm chứa phụ âm /s/ /z/ /? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18 Anh/chị có biết cách đọc âm cuối danh từ số nhiều có quy tắc students, baths, pens, bees hay khơng?  Có(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 20)  Khơng (Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 19) 19 Nếu “có”, xin cho biết cách đọc ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………… …………… 20 Nếu “khơng”, anh/chị có muốn biết cách đọc không? Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 107  Có  Khơng 21.Anh/chị có biết cách đọc âm cuối động từ ngơi thứ ba đơn từ sau sits, laughs, stops, kicks, comes, sings, studies hay khơng?  Có(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 23)  Khơng(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 22) 22 Nếu “có”, xin cho biết cách đọc ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………… 23 Nếu “khơng”, anh/chị có muốn biết cách đọc khơng?  Có  Khơng 24 Anh/chị có biết cách đọc âm cuối dạng sở hữu cách Kate’s, Jack’s, Sam’s, Samatha’s, books’, doors’ hay khơng?  Có(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 26)  Khơng(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 25) 25 Nếu “có”, xin cho biết cách đọc ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………….… 26 Nếu “khơng”, anh/chị có muốn biết cách đọc khơng?  Có  Khơng 27 Anh/chị có biết cách đọc “s” kết hợp Đại từ nhân xưng với dạng viết tắt động từ “is” “has” he’s, she’s, it’s?  Có(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 29)  Khơng(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 28) 28 Nếu “có”, xin cho biết cách đọc ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …….……… 29 Nếu “khơng”, anh/chị có muốn biết cách đọc khơng?  Có  Khơng 30 Anh/chị có biết cách đọc “s” kết hợp dạng Wh-word dạng viết tắt động từ “is” “has” what’s, who’s, why’s, where’s, how’s?  Có(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 32)  Khơng (Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 31) 31 Nếu “có”, xin cho biết cách đọc Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 108 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……… ……… 32 Nếu “khơng”, anh/chị có muốn biết cách đọc khơng?  Có  Khơng 33 Anh/chị có biết cách đọc đuôi “s” kết hợp định từ “that” dạng viết tắt động từ “is” “has” that’s?  Có(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 35)  Khơng(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 34) 34 Nếu “có”, xin cho biết cách đọc ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… 35 Nếu “khơng”, anh/chị có muốn biết cách đọc khơng?  Có  Khơng 36 Anh chị có biết cách đọc “s” “has” động từ tình thái “has to” khơng?  Có(Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 38)  Khơng (Vui lịng khơng trả lời câu 37) 37 Nếu “có”, xin cho biết cách đọc ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………… 38 Nếu “khơng”, anh/chị có muốn biết cách đọc khơng?  Có  Khơng 39 Theo anh/chị, việc phát âm xác hai phụ âm /s/ /z/ có quan trọng trình giao tiếp tiếng Anh khơng?  Có  Khơng Xin cho biết lý do: 40 Anh/Chị có nghĩ phát âm cải thiện anh/chị tiếp cận với việc luyện tập phát âm từ, cụm từ, câu tiếng Anh có phụ âm cụm phụ âm chứa /s/ /z/?  Có  Khơng Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 109 Chân thành cảm ơn đóng góp quý báu anh/chị Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 110 Appendix 6: Test Nha Trang Teachers College Name:……………………………… Foreign Languages Department ……………………………… Class: English Section PRONUNCIATION TEST Part A: SOUND RECOGNITION I Listen and tick ( √) next to the letter in front of the word you hear: a see a sell a mess a ass a fist a crust a was a Sue a seal b she b shell b mesh b ash b fished b crushed b wash b zoo b zeal 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 a lacy a fussy a loose a rice a has a fishy a you a yen b lazy b fuzzy b lose b rise b hash b fizzy b zoo b zen II Listen and put these words into the correct columns: /s/ /z/ /S/ /j/ books she’s 15 that’s children’s shops 16 Mary’s what’s 10 shirt’s 17 doors he’s 11 where’s 18 sings cats 12 it’s 19 ideas cuts 13 beliefs 20 how’s Jack’s 14 needs 21 bags Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 111 III Listen and tick (√) the letter in front of the sentence you hear: a She’s always giving me socks b She’s always giving me shocks a It’s used for you b It’s used for zoo a The price was wonderful b The prize was wonderful a Be careful, don’t sip it too fast b Be careful, don’t zip it too fast a He said “fizzy” b He said “fishy” Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 112 Part B: SOUND PRODUCTION I Read the following words aloud: so Zena cassette pleasant bus buss please case strengths 10 friends II Read the following phrases aloud: Kate’s shops door’s screen cats’ bags cat’s cooks stand still Vicky’s beliefs children’s eyes men’s gardens stay in Spain 10 distinguish between spring and winter III Read the following sentences aloud: Jack’s sisters are old He builds zoos It’s got a tail What’s your name? A parcel contains six mice How’s the weather ? He was a famous and busy one Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 113 Who’s your head teacher? He likes beans on toast 10 That’s lovely cheese 11 She has to finish her homework every day 12 Here comes the astronaut 13 To keep your body in shape, you shouldn’t eat lots of potatoes and sweets This is the end of the test – Good luck to you all! Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 114 Appendix 7: Test answer key Nha Trang Teachers College Name:……………………………… Foreign Languages Department Class: ……………………………… English Section PRONUNCIATION TEST’S ANSWER Part A: SOUND RECOGNITION (40 marks) I Listen and tick (√) next to the letter in front of the word you hear: (14 points) a see a sell a mess a ass a fist a crust a was a Sue a seal b she b shell b mesh b ash b fished b crushed b wash b zoo b zeal 10 a lacy 11 a fussy 12 a loose 13 a rice 14 a has 15 a fishy 16 a you 17 a yen b lazy b fuzzy b lose b rise b hash b fizzy b zoo b zen II Listen and put these words into the correct columns:(21 points) /s/ /z/ /S/ books, what’s, cats, cuts, children’s, he’s, she’s, Jack’s, shops, shirt’s, it’s, where’s, needs, Mary’s, doors, beliefs, that’s sings, ideas, how’s, bags III Listen and tick (√) the letter in front of the sentence you hear: (5 points) √a She’s always giving me socks a It’s used for you b She’s always giving me shocks √b It’s used for zoo √a The price was wonderful b The prize was wonderful √a Be careful, don’t sip it too fast b Be careful, don’t zip it too fast 10 a He said “fizzy” √b He said “fishy” Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn /j/ C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 115 Part B: SOUND PRODUCTION (60 points) I Read the following words aloud: (10 points) so /s/ buzz /z/ Zena /z/ please /z/ cassette /s/ case pleasant /z/ strengths /s/ bus 10 friends /z/ /s/ /s/ II Read the following phrases aloud: (20 points) Kate’s shops /s/ 10 distinguish between spring and winter /s/ /s/ door’s screen /z//s/ cats’ bags /s/ /s/ cat’s cooks /s/ /s/ stand still /s/ /s/ Vicky’s beliefs /z/ /s/ children’s eyes /z/ /z/ men’s gardens /z/ /z/ stay in Spain /s/ /s/ Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn /s/ C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 116 III Read the following sentences aloud: (30 points) Jack’s sisters are old /s//s//s/ /z/ He builds zoos /z//z//z/ It’s got a tail /s/ What’s your name? /s/ A parcel contains six mice /z//s//s/ /s/ How’s the weather ? /z/ He’s a famous and busy one /z/ /s/ /z/ Who’s your head teacher? /z/ He likes beans on toast /s/ /z/ /s/ 10 That’s lovely cheese /s/ /s/ 11 She has to finish her homework every day /s/ 12 Here comes the astronaut /z/ /s/ 13 To keep your body in shape, you shouldn’t eat lots of potatoes and sweets /s/ Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn /z/ /s/ /s/ C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 117 Appendix Test CD Appendix 9: Answer to Bingo sheet hats books involves picks Kate’s states teachers beliefs runs points tables teeth’s kicks stops mother’s desks’ needs nets that’s sounds rings topics labels looks mouths students Sam’s subjects ribs laughs trees It’s dates pipes fig’s Jack’s Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn