An investigation into the esp reading materials at information technology department at south east vocational college (sevc) in dong nai province m a 60 14 10

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY – HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LINGUISTICS & LITERATURE - - AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ESP READING MATERIALS AT INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT AT SOUTH-EAST VOCATIONAL COLLEGE (SEVC) IN DONG NAI PROVINCE Submitted to the Department of English Linguistics and Literature in partial fulfillment of the Master's degree in TESOL By TRẦN THỊ THANH MAI Supervised by LÊ THỊ ANH PHƯƠNG, Ed D Ho Chi Minh City, 2011 i CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I certify my authorship of the thesis submitted today entitled AN INVESTIGATION INFORMATION INTO THE TECHNOLOGY ESP READING DEPARTMENT MATERIALS AT AT SOUTH-EAST VOCATIONAL COLLEGE (SEVC) IN DONG NAI PROVINCE in terms of the statement of Requirements of theses in Master's Program issued by the Higher Degree Committee Ho Chi Minh City, October 2011 TRẦN THỊ THANH MAI ii RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, TRẦN THỊ THANH MAI, being the candidate for the degree of Master of TESOL, accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Master's Theses deposited in the Library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original copy of my thesis deposited in the Library should be accessible for purposes of study and research in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Library for the care, loan and reproduction of theses Ho Chi Minh City, October 2011 TRẦN THỊ THANH MAI iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Dr Lê Thị Anh Phương for her treasured and invaluable support over the course of this study With her insightful guidance and encouraging spirit, it is my supervisor who helped me a lot to finish the thesis She was always available for reading and commenting on my work Thanks to her constant guidance and valuable comments, the thesis has become a complete piece of work I would also like to thank all the English teachers in the University of Social Sciences and Humanities for their valuable instructions during the course, as well as other staff at this university for their necessary support during my studies Last but not least, I am deeply thankful to my family for their care and support, and to my college authorities, my colleagues as well as my students at South-East Vocational College (SEVC) – Đồng Nai province for their cooperation At the same time, special thanks are granted to SEVC graduates and their employers for spending time answering my questionnaires and interviews for this study iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS B.A : Bachelor of Arts EFL : English as a Foreign Language EGP : General Purposes English ELT : English Language Teaching ESP : English for Specific Purposes IT : Information Technology L1 : The first Language SEVC : South – East Vocational College TOEFL : Test of English as a Foreign Language 10 USB : Universal Serial Bus v ABSTRACT This study was aimed to evaluate the suitability of the coursebook ''English for Information Technology'' adapted from "English for Computer Science" (Brown & Mullen, 1992) currently used to teach English to Information Technology (IT) learners at South-East Vocational College (SEVC) in Đồng Nai province Specifically, the study was designed to find out the students' and teachers' perceptions about the book as the English teaching material for IT learners On the basis of their evaluation, the strengths and the weaknesses of this textbook could be identified to make adequate improvements for the book to meet the needs and the ability of the students and to enhance their English competence as required by the college and the society Data for the study were collected from (1) questionnaires distributed to 85 current IT students and eight ESP teachers, 28 former IT students and 10 of their employers, and (2) interviews with the two college authorities and the eight ESP teachers The findings showed that the ESP teaching materials currently used for IT students at SEVC was generally considered suitable to IT learners at the college because it was relevant to the aims set by the college and to the social needs, which was mainly to understand, and sometimes to translate, the basic IT materials written in English In addition, the textbook was perceived to be largely appropriate to the students' levels, needs and interests However, three key aspects of the book, i.e the content, the exercises and visual illustrations, needed further improvement Specific recommendations were provided to increase the quality of the material to respond better to the English requirements for IT students, the current IT development, as well as the learners' expectations vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No Certificate of originality i Retention and use of the thesis ii Acknowledgements iii List of abbreviations iv Abstract v Table of contents vi List of illustrations ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study 1.1.1 IT department at SEVC 1.1.2 The teaching and learning of English at IT department 1.1.3 ESP materials used at IT department 1.2 Rationale for evaluating the ESP textbook…………………… 1.3 Statement of purposes 1.4 Significance of the study 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Research questions 1.7 Organization of the study 1.8 Summary CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 The roles of materials in language teaching 10 2.2 Characteristics of ESP materials 12 2.3 Purposes of material evaluation 13 2.4 Criteria for material evaluation 15 2.4.1 Appearance 21 2.4.2 Language content or authenticity 22 2.4.3 Topics about subject matter 25 2.4.4 Aims 26 vii 2.4.5 Design and organization 26 2.4.6 Appropriacy 28 2.5 Material adaptation 31 2.6 Summary 34 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research questions 35 3.2 Research methodology 35 3.2.1 Subjects 37 3.2.1.1 Teachers and college authorities 37 3.2.1.2 Students 38 3.2.1.3 Employers 40 3.2.2 Research instruments 42 3.2.2.1 Questionnaires 42 3.2.2.2 Interviews 47 3.3 Data collection and analysis procedures 48 3.3.1 Questionnaires to ESP teachers 49 3.3.2 Questionnaires to current students 49 3.3.3 Questionnaires to former students 49 3.3.4 Questionnaires to employers of former IT students 50 3.3.5 Interviews with ESP teachers and college authorities 50 3.4 Summary 51 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Data analysis and discussions 52 4.1.1 Relevance to the course aims and objectives 53 4.1.2 Users' evaluation of the textbook 54 4.1.2.1 IT content 55 4.1.2.2 Textbook organization 56 4.1.2.3 Textbook relevance 57 4.1.2.3.1 Relevance to learners' levels 57 4.1.2.3.2 Relevance to learners' needs 59 4.1.2.3.3 Relevance to learners' interests 61 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an viii 4.1.2.3.4 Relevance of exercises types to learners' interests 63 4.1.3 Users' recommendations 64 4.2 Findings 66 4.2.1 Summary of main findings 66 4.2.1.1 Aims and objectives 66 4.2.1.2 The IT content 66 4.2.1.3 Textbook organization 67 4.2.1.4 Textbook relevance 68 4.2.1.4.1 Relevance to learners' levels 68 4.2.1.4.2 Relevance to learners' needs 68 4.2.1.4.3 Relevance to learners' interests 69 4.2.2 Strengths and weaknesses of the textbook 70 4.2.2.1 Strengths 71 4.2.2.2 Weaknesses 72 4.3 Summary 74 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Conclusions 75 5.2 Recommendations 76 5.3 Implications 78 5.3.1 Implications for practice 78 5.3.2 Implications for research 80 REFERENCES 82 APPENDICES APPENDIX 1: Questionnaire for ESP teachers 85 APPENDIX 2: Questionnaire for current students 88 APPENDIX 3: Questionnaire for former students 91 APPENDIX 4: Questionnaire for the former students' employers 93 APPENDIX 5: Specification of ESP subject at IT department 95 APPENDIX 6: Types of exercises in the textbook 96 APPENDIX 7: Extract visual pictures from Unit 99 APPENDIX 8: Extract visual pictures from Unit 101 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an ix APPENDIX 9: Extract pictures from unit and unit 103 APPENDIX 10: Sample readings 104 APPENDIX 11: Sample language focus 111 APPENDIX 12: Sample exercises 113 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 105 Figure 1-1 A word processing program and an image-editing program Microsoft Word is a word processing program that allows you to create, edit, and print documents with your computer Adobe Photoshop is an image-editing program that allows you to work with graphic images, such as photos taken with your digital camera Programs are commonly referred to as software Software is essential to a computer because it controls everything the computer does All of the software that we use to make our computers useful is created by individuals working as programmers or software developers A programmer, or software developer, is a person with the training and skills necessary to design, create, and test computer programs Computer programming is an exciting and rewarding career Today, you will find programmers' work used in business, medicine, government, law enforcement, agriculture, academics, entertainment, and many other fields." EXAMPLE 2: BUYING COMPUTERS "Buying a computer means investigating many features: RAM (random-access memory), processor speed, graphics capability, hard disk space and so on Here are some helpful instructions for buying a new computer        Choose a specialty store, consumer electronics store, retail chain, limited service discount chain, local computer builder or mail-order/Internet vendor, based on your hardware and service needs Buy when you need to buy No matter how long you wait for the best deal, the same configuration will cost less in six months Decide which features you will need based on what you're going to with the computer For example, if you are going to be creating graphics, sound and video, you will want plenty of RAM If you are going to heavy computational tasks such as searching large databases or watching video, you will want to have a super processor Decide if you want a laptop, which you can carry around with you, or a desktop model Choose a computer brand based on quality, price and technical support Based on your likely needs, determined earlier, figure out the core configuration you need, including processor and speed, amount of RAM and hard drive size Determine additional drives you need: CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, CD recorder, Zip Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 106     Select peripherals and additional hardware such as modems, sound cards, video cards and speakers Decide how many extra internal card slots and disk-drive bays you'll need in order to allow room for future expansion Determine what pre-installed software you want or need Get at least an operating system, such as Windows, an anti-virus program, and programs for word processing, spreadsheets, databases and keeping your checkbook Choose the length of warranty or service coverage appropriate to your needs Types of computer Mainframes + Large, powerful, expensive + Multi-user systems – used by many people at the same time + Used for processing very large amounts of data + The most powerful mainframes are called supercomputers Illustrated pictures Minicomputers + Used like mainframes + Not as big, powerful, or expensive as mainframes + Less common now because microcomputers have improved Microcomputers or personal computer (PCs) + The most common types of computer + Smaller, cheaper and less powerful then mainframes and microcomputers Laptop + About the size of a small typewriter + Less common now because smaller and lighter portables are available Notebook + About the size of a piece of writing paper + The most common types of portable Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 107 Subnotebook + Not quite as big as notebooks Can fit into a jacket pocket Handheld or Palmtop + Small enough to fit into the palm of one hand + Not easy to type with because of their size + Specialized handheld computers known as PDAs are used as personal organizers EXAMPLE 3: "SYMBOLS USED IN THE FLOWCHART" "Programmers sometimes use flowcharts when planning a program Read the text and identify these symbols used in the flowcharts a _ b _ c _ d _ e _ _ The circle is a CONNECTOR symbol It appears when two separate paths through a process come together It is always empty You not find any text, numbers, or symbols in it Just the circle _The parallelogram is the INPUT or OUTPUT symbol It looks like a rectangle with the two sloping sides We use it when data has to be input or output It contains words like Input or Print _ The ellipse is the START or STOP symbol It looks like a rounded rectangle It is used at the beginning and end of a flowchart, so it will contain the word Start or the word Stop _ The diamond shape is the DECISION symbol It is used whenever a decision has to be made Often it contains comparison functions such as less than or greater than It has a Yes or True branch at one corner and a No or False branch at another _ The ordinary rectangle is the OPERATION or PROCESS symbol It indicates the kind of operation It will contain words like add, subtract, multiply, divide or make equal to.'' 'Types of errors' ''System errors affect the computer or its peripherals For example, you might have written a program which needs access to a printer If there is no printer present when you run the program the computer will produce a system error message Sometimes a system error makes the computer stop working altogether and you will have to restart the computer A sensible way of avoiding system errors is to write a code to check that peripherals are present before any data sent to it Then the computer would warn you by a simple message on the screen, like 'printer is not ready or available' Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 108 Figure 1: System error Syntax errors are mistakes in the programming language (like typing PRNIT instead if PRINT) Syntax errors cause the program to fail Some translator programs won't accept any line that has syntax errors Some only report a syntax error when they run the program Some languages also contain special commands such as debug, which will report structural errors in a program The programming manual of the particular language you're using will give details of what each error message means Figure 2: Syntax error Logic errors are much more difficult to detect than syntax error This is because a program containing logic errors will run, but it won't work properly For example, you might write a program to clear the screen and then print 'hello' Here is a code for this: 10// Message 20 PRINT 'Hello' 30 CLS 40 END The code has a logic error in it, but the syntax is right so it will run You can get rid of logic errors from simple program by 'hand-testing' them or doing a 'dry run' which means working through each line of the program on paper to make sure it does what you want it to You should this before you type in the code.'' Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 109 Figure 3: Logic error EXAMPLE 3: COMPUTING LANGUAGES ''Most software written today is written in high-level languages There are many and some are quite old COBOL, FORTRAN, and Lisp were written in the 1950s! Higher-level languages make it easier to describe the pieces of the program you are creating They abstract away the specifics of the microprocessor in your computer Most come with large sets of common stuff you need to do, called libraries C++ was developed from the C language It was designed as a systems programming language with features that make it easy to control the computer hardware efficiently It was used to produce the Microsoft Windows operating system It is portable, i.e programs written in C++ can be easily adapted for use on many different types of computer systems HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language It is a page description language used for creating webpages HTML uses a system of tags to mark page links and formatting For example, the tag tells the program to start underlining a text Although programs cannot be created using HTML, small programs can be embedded in HTML code using a scripting language like JavaScript Java is a programming language originally designed for programming small electronic devices such as mobile phones It can run unchanged on any operating system that has a Java Interpreter program Java is used for writing programs for the World Wide Web JavaScript is a scripting language It is powerful and easy to use Scripts are small programs that can be used to perform simple tasks or tie other program together JavaScript is designed for use inside webpages It can enable a webpage to respond to a mouse click or input on a form It can also provide a way for moving through webpages and produce simple animation Visual Basic is a programming environment, not simply a language It uses the language BASIC, a simple language developed to make it easy for people to learn how to program Visual Basic has predefined objects such as dialog boxes, buttons, and text boxes which can be chosen from a toolbox and dragged across the screen using the mouse and dropped into the required position BASIC Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 110 programming code is attached to form a complete program Visual Basic is used to write general purpose applications for the Windows operating system Delphi is similar to Visual Basic It is also a programming environment for developing programs for the Windows operating system It has predefined objects that can be chosen from the toolbox In Delphi, however, the code attached to the objects is written in a form of Pascal You can think of Delphi as a kind of 'Visual Pascal' Like Visual Basic, it is often used for general purpose programs Table Programming languages Language Ada BASIC FORTRAN COBOL Pascal C and C++ C# Java JavaScript Python Ruby Visual Basic Description Ada was created in the 1970s, primarily for applications used by the U.S Department of Defense The language is named in honor of Countess Ada Lovelace, an influential and historic figure in the field of computing Beginners All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code is a general-purpose language that was originally designed in the early 1960s to be simple enough for beginners to learn Today, there are many different versions of BASIC FORmula TRANslator was the first high-level programming language It was designed in the 1950s for performing complex mathematical calculations Common Business-Oriented Language was created in the 1950s, and was designed for business applications Pascal was created in 1970, and was originally designed for teaching programming The language was named in honor of the mathematician, physicist, and philosopher Blaise Pascal C and C++ (pronounced ''c plus plus'') are powerful, general-purpose languages developed at Bell Laboratories The C language was created in 1972 and the C++ language was created in 1983 Pronounced ''c sharp'' This language was created by Microsoft around the year 2000 for developing applications based on the Microsoft.NET platform Java was created by Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s It can be used to develop programs that run on a single computer or over the Internet from a web server JavaScript, created in the 1990s, can be used in web pages Despite its name, JavaScript is not related to Java Python, the language we use in this book, is a general-purpose language created in the early 1990s It has become popular in business and academic applications Ruby is a general-purpose language that was created in the 1990s It is increasingly becoming a popular language for programs that run on web servers Visual Basic (commonly known as VB) is a Microsoft programming language and software development environment that allows programmers to create Windows based applications quickly VB was originally created in the early 1990s Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 111 APPENDIX 11: SAMPLE LANGUAGE FOCUS EXAMPLE 1: Language focus To "USE'' + for + Noun/ Gerund (to describe a use or a purpose) + to V (bare-inf) (to describe a use or a purpose) E.g Students use computers for tasks such as writing papers, searching for articles, etc At work, people use computers to analyze data, make presentations Exercise: Complete the column A with information from column B Column A Column B Robots are sometimes used for… People use the Internet to… CD-ROM is sometimes used for… You can use a fax machine to… Computers are used for… Home computers are used to… Police use DNA fingerprinting for… We use a cell phone to… Satellites are used for… a make a photocopy b storing an encyclopedia c accessing the Internet d make travel reservations e transmitting radio programs f make a phone call g make budgets h identifying criminals i performing dangerous tasks EXAMPLE 2: Language focus Study these examples of screen messages Note how these messages are reported Please enter a number Type 999 to indicate end of data Do not attempt to log on Printer out of paper It requests you to enter a number It tells you to type 999 to indicate end of data It tells you not to attempt to log on It informs you that the printer is out of paper Study these examples of screen messages Note how we report them Do you want to exit? (Y/N) What is your passport? How many copies you want to print? It asks you if you want to exit It asks you what your passport is It asks you how many copies you want to print Exercise: Report each of these screen messages Press any keys to continue Paper jam Do not proceed Please choose from menu below Do you want to virus check another disk? Delete files? (Y/N) Are you sure you want to shut down the computer? What is the drive letter of your hard disk? Non-system disk in a drive 10 Are you sure you want to copy the selected files? Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 112 EXAMPLE 3: Language focus Study the ways of linking a problem and a solution Problem: get rid of logic errors Solution: hand-test the program E.g You can get rid of logic errors by hand-testing the program To get rid of logic errors, hand-test the program Exercise: Match these problems and solution Link them following the examples following Problems connect a computer to a telephone line identify items for pricing add extra facilities to a computer get more file storage space find syntax errors avoid marking the surface of a CD-ROM improve the speed of your computer avoid system errors prepare a new disk for use 10 transfer information between computers Solutions a write code to check a peripheral is present before any data is sent b use the debug command c add more memory d format the disk e use a removable disk f install an expansion card g install a modem h fit a bigger hard disk i use barcode labels j hold it by the edges Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 113 APPENDIX 12: SAMPLE EXERCISES EXAMPLE 1: Task 1: Put the word in the correct form People use computers in _ways (differ) In fact, students may use computers for _ in online classes (participate) People can use computers to _ with customers and coworkers at their workplace (communicate) Software often _ to programs (refer) Software developers create all of the software _ to make the computers useful (use) Task 2: Choose the correct answer Where can people use computers? a at school b at work c at home d all are correct Which is NOT mentioned in the text? a People can use computers to make presentations at work b People take advantage of computers to shop online c People make use of computers to invest in stock exchanges d People can communicate with others by using computers Which is TRUE about Microsoft Word? a Microsoft Word is a program that can create documents by itself b Microsoft Word is a software that can deal with documents c Microsoft Word is a popular program for computer viruses and documents d Microsoft Word is a kind of program for document creation, edition and printing Why is software necessary to a computer? a Because it is in charge of controlling nothing the computer does b Because it is in charge of controlling everything the computer says c Because it is responsible for controlling everything the computer does d Because it is in charge of controlling nothing the computer talks Where can a programmer work? a nowhere b everywhere c just in the company d industrial field Task 3: Gap-filling Fill in the blank with a suitable word from the box and then practice the conversation between the salesperson and the customer Smallest Use recommend modem The customer: The salesperson: The customer: The salesperson: The customer: The salesperson: writing available probably buying powerful connecting I'm thinking of (1) a computer, and I need some advice OK What you want to (2) _it for? For writing, maybe for games I want it for the Internet For the Internet and games…I (3) _ a multimedia computer What you mean by a multimedia computer? Well, it's more (4) _ than a basic computer It's got sound and a CD ROM or DVD drive You can use it for high-quality graphics, animation, and video Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 114 (After watching the multimedia computer) The customer: The salesperson: The customer: The salesperson: The customer: The salesperson: The customer: The salesperson: What if I wanted…I travel a lot, if I wanted some smaller, what's (5) _? There are portable computers A multimedia computer notebook is (6) _ best Is a notebook the (7) _ kind you can get? No, you can get subnotebooks and even smaller handled devices They're mostly used as organizers, as a diary, a 'to do' list, and that kind of thing But for (8) _ and general use a notebook is better OK, I think I'll go for a notebook What other things I need? A printer… and for the Internet, make sure you have a modem A (9) ? Yes, it's a device for (10) _ your computer to a telephone line You need it to connect to the Internet EXAMPLE 2: Task 1: Work in group of three Read one of the texts below and complete this table When you have finished, exchange information with the others in your group to complete two similar tables Types of error Definition Example Ways to avoid or deal with this kind of error Task 2: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the given words People use the DECISION symbol for decision (make) The kind of operation by the OPERATION or PROCESS symbol (indicate) The C++ is the language from the C language (develop) HTML is the of HyperText Markup Language (abbreviate) We can use JavaScript to small programs in HTML code (embed) People often use Scripts for simple tasks (perform) The language of Visual Basic is the language BASIC (associate) In order to write programs for the World Wide Web, Java (use) JavaScript can simple animation (produce) 10 Both Visual Basic and Delphi are usually used for general programs (purpose) Task 3: Matching Here are four people employed in computing talking about their work Match the extract to the correct job from the list Network support person Technical sales manager Systems support person System analyst programmer Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 115 ''Before I write a program, I have to carry out a feasibility study in the company The aim is to see whether a new program would be better than the methods they use at present I have to observe what the users do, speak to them and make an analysis of their systems It's very important to speak to the actual users, not just the managers.'' ''I'm called out if there's a fault on the network We try to solve the problem by phone at first, but if that doesn't work, we have to go and look for ourselves It could be anything: the software, the server, even the cabling Sometimes the problem is the user! You have to be good at working out where the problem is.'' ''My job is to persuade customers that it's worth investing in new computer systems or extending the systems they already have But it's not enough simply to sell the systems We have to keep in touch after the sales and make sure things are working well, and to provide any backup the client needs That's the only way to build up trust with a customer and to get new orders It's a very competitive market.'' ''I have to change the specifications for a system into a logical sequence that I can be programmed The language I choose for coding will depend on various factors such as what type of program it is, and where it's going to be used A lot of testing has to be done and I use the feedback to decide where improvements can be made.'' EXAMPLE 3: Task 1: Read the texts about computing languages and makes notes in the following table Language C++ HTML Java JavaScript Visual Basic Delphi Associated language Type of language Use Task 2: Complete the crossword Clues Any system of signs or symbols that has a meaning A set of instructions that a computer follows in order to perform a particular task The way or order in which it is arranged and presented One side of one of the pieces of paper in a book, magazine, or newspaper Relating to sight, or to things that you can see Information that is put into a computer A network of things that are linked together The written version of something  The hidden word: Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 116 Task 3: Answer these questions Which language uses a system of tags? Which languages are designed to be used inside webpages? Which language was used to write the Windows operating system? What is a 'portable' language? Which language can have small programs embedded in it using JavaScript? What does HTML stand for? Which languages can only be used in the Windows operating system? Which language cannot be used for writing programs? Task 4: Write ''a'', ''an'' or ''the'' in the correct places ''Today, most people not need to know how computer works Most people can simply turn on computer or mobile phone and point at some little graphical object on display, click button, swipe finger or two, and computer does something Example is to get weather information from Internet and display it This is all average person needs to know about using computer But, since you are going to learn how to write computer programs, you need to know little bit about how computer works Your job will be to instruct computer to things Basically, computers perform operations on groups of bits Bit is either on or off, like light bulb Microprocessor, which is heart of computer, is very primitive but very fast It takes groups of bits and moves them around, adds pairs of groups of bits together, subtracts one group of bits from another, compares pair of groups, etc Computers manipulate numbers, symbolic information (think characters), visual things (pictures), sound (heard of MP3), and sets of instructions (computer's native language) But at lowest level, everything is simply bunch of bits, things that are either on or off! Computers are full of zillions of bits that are either on or off Way we talk about value of bit in electrical engineering and computer science communities is first as logical value (true if on, false if off) and secondly as binary number (1 if bit is on and if it's off) Most bits in computer are manipulated in groups, so humans need way to describe groups of bits, things/objects computer manipulates Today, bits are most often grouped in quantities of 8, 16, 32, and 64 Think about how you write down sequential numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, etc Our decimal number system has ten symbols In this sequential series, when we ran out of symbols, we combined them You learned how to this so long ago, in grade school, that today you just naturally think in terms of single digit numbers, then tens, hundreds, thousands, etc The decimal number 1234 is one thousand, two hundreds, three tens, and four units So, how does the binary number system used inside computers work? Well, with only two symbols, we would write same sequential numbers as above: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010, 1011 Decimal number 1234 in binary is 10011010010.'' Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 117 Task 5: Multiple choice A(n) is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task a compiler b program c interpreter d programming language The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as a hardware b software c the operating system d tools The part of a computer that runs programs is called a RAM b secondary storage c main memory d the CPU Today, CPUs are small chips known as a ENIACs b microprocessors c memory chips d operating systems The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in a secondary storage b the CPU c main memory d the microprocessor This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running a RAM b Secondary storage c The disk drive d The USB drive A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer, is called a RAM b main memory c secondary storage d CPU storage A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called a an output device b an input device c a secondary storage device d main memory A video display is a(n) device a output device b input device c secondary storage device d main memory 10 A is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number a byte b bit c switch d transistor Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 118 11 A byte is made up of eight a CPUs b instructions c variables d bits 12 In a(n) numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s a hexadecimal b binary c octal d decimal 13 A bit that is turned off represents the following value: a b –1 c d ''no'' 14 A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is a binary numbering b ASCII c Unicode d ENIAC 15 An extensive encoding scheme that can represent characters for many languages in the world is a binary numbering b ASCII c Unicode d ENIAC 16 Negative numbers are encoded using the technique a twos compliment b floating point c ASCII d Unicode 17 Real numbers are encoded using the technique a two's complement b floating point c ASCII d Unicode 18 The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called a bits b bytes c color packets d pixels 19 If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see _ a Python code b a stream of binary numbers c English words d circuits 20 In the part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform a fetch b decode c execute d immediately after the instruction is executed 21 Computers can only execute programs that are written in a Java b assembly language c machine language d Python Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn