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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES NGUYEN THANH DUONG AN ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING NEEDS AMONG STUDENTS STUDYING ENGLISH SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER IN TESOL SUPERVISOR DENIS BERG, PhD HO CHI MINH CITY, NOVEMBER 2009 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I hereby certify my authorship of the thesis submitted today entitled: AN ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING NEEDS AMONG STUDENTS STUDYING ENGLISH In terms of statement of Requirements for Theses in Master’s Programme issued by Higher Degree Committee Ho Chi Minh City, November 2009 THANH DUONG NGUYEN i RETENTION AND USE OF THE THESIS I hereby state that I, THANH DUONG NGUYEN, being the candidate for the degree of Master in TESOL, accept the requirements of the University relating to the retention and use of Master’s theses deposited in the Library In terms of these conditions, I agree that the original of my thesis deposited in the Library should be accessible for purposes of study and research, in accordance with the normal conditions established by the Library for the care, loan or reproduction of the theses Ho Chi Minh City, November 2009 THANH DUONG NGUYEN ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis supervisor, Sir Denis Berg, Ph.D., who read my manuscript with great care, detailed and sensible guidance and encouragement, gave thoughtful and insightful comments, and provided valuable support in the very preparation and the Introduction of the thesis I am also grateful to Duy Minh Vo, class monitor, who helped me with data analysis process and his reading of the last draft My special thanks go to the teachers and the students of Au Viet School who were very supportive and responsive to the survey questionnaires and interviews In addition, Mr Ngoc Tam Nguyen, Mr Thanh Binh Nguyen, Ms Hong Nguyen Nguyen, Truong Sa Nguyen, my colleagues and friends, were particularly of great help with enthusiastic encouragement, interesting ideas for the finish of the thesis and I am indebted to all my colleagues, classmates and friends who give me valuable advice and assistance in developing the study Finally, I am greatly indebted to Thanh Binh Nguyen and Thi Ngoan Nguyen, my parents who, as always, have been whole heartedly supportive For the months of writing the thesis, Dad and Mum have taken care of everything so that their son could devote all his time to the writing of the thesis iii ABSTRACT The thesis investigated the learning styles of students at Au Viet Technology and Economics School in Binh Thanh district, HoChiMinh city The research questions of this study particularly addressed the students’ learning styles in terms of sensory preferences: Visual (V), Aural (A), Read/Write (R) and Kinesthetic (K) The study was carried out through the use of VARK survey, interviews and score comparison of classes in five different disciplines at this school i.e., Nursing, Banking Finance, Informatics, Accounting, and Tourism The survey revealed that preferences for Kinesthetic (K) and Aural (A) learning styles were high among students across disciplines while those for Read / Write (R) were rather low Visual (V) learning received the smallest number of answers from respondents The survey also showed that how often students use computer did not affect their preference for a particular learning style Mismatch between teachers’ teaching styles and students’ learning styles and its effects were also discovered through the study More importantly, the investigation pointed out significant differences and similarities in the learning styles of students across the five disciplines Particularly, Informatics students had higher preference for Visual while this was much lower in the other disciplines.The preference for Read / Write learning was similarly higher for Nursing, Banking Finance and Accounting while this was lower for Informatics and Tourism However, all the disciplines expressed similarly high preferences for Aural and Kinesthetic learning iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Certificate of originality I Retention and use of the thesis II Acknowledgement III Abstract IV Table of contents V List of tables VIII List of figures IX List of Abbreviations X CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study 1.2 Rationale of the study 1.3 The research questions 1.4 Significance of the study 1.5 Scope of the study 10 1.6 Overview of the study 11 1.7 Definition of terms 12 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 14 2.1 Introduction 14 2.2 Learning Styles 15 2.2.1 Origins of the Style concepts 15 2.2.2 Definitions of learning styles 15 2.2.3 Learning Styles versus Learning strategies 17 v 2.2.4 Cognitive Styles versus Learning Styles 18 2.2.5 Dimensions of Learning styles 20 2.2.5.1 Field independence and field dependence; analytic and global styles 20 2.2.5.2 Sensory preferences 22 2.2.5.3 Extraversion and intrversion 24 2.2.5.4 Intuitive and concrete – sequential styles 25 2.2.5.5 Closure – oriented and open styles 26 2.3 Learning styles Issues in Education 26 2.3.1 Learning styles research 26 2.3.2 Mismatch between teaching and learning styles 31 2.3.3 Development of styles 34 2.3.4 Styles implementation 36 2.4 Learning styles and approaches: The learning–centred tradition 39 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 42 3.1 Research design 42 3.1.1 Questionnaire 43 3.1.1.1 Population 43 3.1.1.2 Selecting a learning style instrument 44 3.1.1.3 The VARK questionnaire 48 3.1.1.4 Administering the questionnaire 50 3.1.1.4.1 Piloting the questionnaire 50 3.1.1.4.2 Distributing the questionnaire 50 3.1.2 Interviews 51 vi C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 3.1.2.1 Subjects 51 3.1.2.2 Question design 52 3.1.2.3 Interview procedures 53 3.1.3 Score comparing procedures 54 3.2 Data analysis 54 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 56 4.1 Findings from questionnaire 56 4.2 Findings from interviews 64 4.3 Findings from score comparison 69 4.4 Discussions 72 CHAPTER 5: PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS, LIMITATIONS AND CONCLUSION 78 5.1 Pedagogical implications 78 5.2 Limitations 84 5.3 Conclusion 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIXES vii Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Overall distribution of VARK preferences of five disciplines Table 2: Overall distribution of VARK preferences among five disciplines Table 3:Distribution of Aural and Kinesthetic preferences across five disciplines Table 4: Distribution of Read/Write preferences across five disciplines Table 5: Distribution of Read/Write preferences among five disciplines Table 6: Students’ attitude to English classes through interviews Table 7: Teacher’s in-class activities mentioned by interviewees Table 8: Students’ preferred activities for English lessons mentioned in the interviews Table 9: Average score of five disciplines in the first semester Table 10: Average score of five disciplines in the second semester Table 11: Students’ average score for four learning styles in the 1st semester Table 12: Students’ average score for four learning styles in the 2nd semester viii Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Distribution of Gender among five disciplines Figure 2: Distrubtion of computer exposure frequency among five disciplines Figure 3: Overall distribution of VARK preferences of five disciplines Figure 4: Distribution of VARK preferences among five disciplines Figure 5: Distribution of Aural and Kinesthetic preferences across five disciplines Figure 6: Distribution of Read / Write preferences across five disciplines Figure 7: Distribution of Visual preferences among five disciplines ix Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Sims, R.S and Sims, S.J [eds.] 1995 The Importance of Learning Styles: Understanding the Implications for Learning, Course Design and Education Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press Smith, S.M., & Woody, P.C 2000, Interactive effect of multimedia instruction and learning styles, Teaching Psychology Publications NJ Snyder, R.F 2000, The relationship between learning styles/multiple intelligences and academic achievement in high school students, The High School Journal Retrieved on 25 February 2009: http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/high_school_journal Spolsky, B 1989 Conditions for second language learning Oxford University Press Spratt,M., Pulverness,A., Williams,M 2005 The [TKT] Teaching Knowledge Test Course Cambridge Cambridge University Press Stebbins, C 1995 Cultural-specific perceptual preferences of postsecondary students of English as a second language Boston: Heinle & Heinle Stellwagen, J.B 2001, A challenge to the learning style advocates, The Clearing House Sternberg, R.J 1997, Thinking Styles, Cambridge University Press, New York Tait, H., & Entwistle, N 1996, Identifying students at risk through ineffective study strategies Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ Tang, C 1996 Collaborative learning: the latent dimension in Chinese students’ learning Hong Kong/Victoria, Australia: CERC/ACER Tiedemann, J 1989, Measures of cognitive styles: A critical review Learning & Training Technology, Birmingham, UK Tim Vierheller 2005 VARK Learning Styles Green Mountain Falls Colorado Retrieved on 17 April 2009: http://www.getallinformation.com 97 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Tudor, I 1996 Learner-centredness as language education Cambridge University Press Velthouse, Betty 2003 Online education: Factors that influence its success University of Michigan - Flint School of Management Working Paper Series, No: 2003-04 Watkins, D.A and Biggs, J.B 1996 The Chinese Learner: Cultural, Psychological and Contextual Influences Hong Kong: CERC and ACER West, R 1994 Needs analysis in language teaching Language Teaching Plenum, New York Willing, K 1988 Learning styles in adult migrant education Adelaide, Australia: NCRC/AMEP Witkin, B R 1984 Assessing needs in educational and social programs San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Witkin, H.A 1964, Origins of cognitive style, in C Scheerer [ed.] Cognition: Theory, Research, Promise, Harper & Row, New York Wrigley, H., & Guth, G 1992 "Bringing literacy to life: Issues and options in adult ESL literacy." San Mateo, CA: Aguirre International Zhang, L.F 2001, Approaches and thinking styles in teaching, Journal of Psychology Retrieved on 18 March 2009: http://findarticles.com/p/articles 98 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIXES Appendix 1: Questionnaire to sudents [Vietnamese version] PHIẾU THĂM DÒ SINH VIÊN Ngày 25 tháng 12 năm 2008 Các bạn sinh viên thân mến! Tôi tên Nguyễn Thanh Dương, sinh viên cao học ngành Phương Pháp Giảng Dạy Tiếng Anh Trường Đại Học Khoa học Xã Hội Nhân Văn Tp Hồ Chí Minh Hiện tơi q trình thực Luận văn Thạc sỹ nghiên cứu vấn đề Sở Thích Học Tập sinh viên Rất mong bạn sinh viên giúp tơi hồn thành phiếu thăm dị Đây khơng phải kiểm tra nên câu trả lời khơng mang tính – sai Mục đích phiếu thăm dò thu thập phần thơng tin cách học u thích bạn, từ người nghiên cứu tìm giải pháp phù hợp cho phương pháp giảng dạy Vậy nên, tính trung thực câu trả lời bạn định thành công nghiên cứu Tất thông tin bạn cung cấp đảm bảo giữ kín sử dụng cho mục đích nghiên cứu Cám ơn hợp tác bạn PHẦN 1: THÔNG TIN CÁ NHÂN Xin bạn vui lịng cung cấp thơng tin đây: nam Giới tính bạn nữ Bạn học chuyên ngành đây: Du lịch-nhà hàng-khách sạn kế tốn cơng nghệ thơng tin Tài chính-ngân hàng y – dược ngành khác _ Trong tuần bạn có hay sử dụng máy vi tính khơng? khơng thường xuyên ngày 99 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an PHẦN 2: VỀ SỞ THÍCH HỌC TẬP CỦA BẠN Trong câu hỏi bạn cân nhắc để chọn MỘT câu trả lời gần với cách làm u thích bạn Hãy khoanh trịn câu trả lời mà bạn lựa chọn Bạn bỏ trống câu hỏi (không cần trả lời câu hỏi) tình đưa khơng với bạn Một người nhờ bạn đường tới sân bay, nhà ga trung tâm thành phố, giúp đỡ người bạn sẽ: a Đi chung với người b Hướng dẫn lời nói c Viết hướng dẫn giấy cho người d Vẽ đưa đồ cho người Bạn khơng biết chắn từ Tiếng Anh nên viết `dependent' hay `dependant', lúc bạn sẽ: a Hình tượng hóa hai từ đầu chọn b nghĩ cách phát âm từ chọn c Tra cứu từ từ điển d Viết hai từ lên giấy chọn lấy từ Bạn lên kế hoạch nghỉ cho nhóm Bạn muốn biết ý kiến phản hồi thành viên nhóm kế hoạch bạn đưa ra, bạn sẽ: a Mô tả cho họ nghe số chi tiết bật kế hoạch b Sử dụng đồ trang web họ địa điểm đến c Đưa cho họ [photo] kế hoạch / lộ trình chuyến d Gọi điện, nhắn tin gửi email cho thành viên Bạn dự định nấu ăn đặc biệt dành cho gia đình, lúc bạn sẽ: a Nấu bạn biết mà khơng cần hướng dẫn b Tham khảo ý kiến đề xuất bạn bè c Xem hình ảnh sách hướng dẫn nấu ăn để tìm ý tưởng d Sử dụng sách hướng dẫn mà bạn biết.trong có cơng thức nấu ăn ngon Một nhóm du khách muốn tìm hiểu khu bảo tồn động vật hoang dã công viên xanh khu vực bạn sống, lúc bạn sẽ: a Thảo luận xếp buổi nói chuyện với họ vấn đề 100 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an b Chỉ cho họ xem ảnh, hình chụp sách có hình ảnh khu bảo tồn hay cơng viên mạng internet c Đưa / dẫn họ tới địa điểm chung với họ d Đưa cho họ sách cẩm nang có thơng tin vấn đề Bạn dự định mua máy thiết bị kỹ thuật số [một máy chụp hình điện thoại di động], ngồi vấn đề giá cả, chuyện bạn có mua thiết bị hay không phụ thuộc vào việc: a Bạn dùng thử kiểm tra thiết bị b Bạn đọc chi tiết đặc điểm, tính thiết bị c Mẩu mã thiết kế thiết bị có đẹp đại hay khơng d Bạn nghe nhân viên bán hàng tư vấn đặc điểm, tính thiết bị Hãy thử nhớ lại thời điểm cụ thể trước bạn học điều [mà khơng phải kỹ vận động việc tâp xe đạp, chèo thuyền…], lúc bạn học tốt cách: a Xem người khác minh họa b Nghe giải thích đặt câu hỏi c Học qua dụng cụ trực quan, hình ảnh, biểu đồ d Đọc tài liệu hướng dẫn, sách giáo khoa Đầu gối bạn có vấn đề, bạn muốn bác sỹ bạn làm cho bạn? a Cho bạn địa trang web tài liệu vấn đề để bạn đọc b Sử dụng mơ hình đầu gối [giả tạo] chất dẻo bạn biết vấn đề c Mô tả cho bạn nghe vấn đề d Dùng biểu đồ bạn thấy vấn đề Bạn muốn học chương trình, kĩ hay trị chơi máy vi tính Lúc bạn sẽ: a Đọc phần hướng dẫn sử dụng chương trình b Thảo luận với người biết chương trình c Sử dụng phím điều khiển hay bàn phím để tìm hiểu d Làm theo hình ảnh, biểu đồ, sơ đồ sách hướng dẫn kèm theo chương trình 101 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 10 Bạn thích kiểu trang web trang web đây? a Những trang web có thứ mà bạn nhấp chuột vào, thay đổi sử dụng thử [tức trang web mở] b Những trang web có mẫu thiết kế đặc điểm hình ảnh [giao diện] thú vị c Những trang web có phần mơ tả, danh sách liệt kê, lời giải thích [bằng chữ viết] thú vị d Những trang web có kênh, chương trình nghe nhạc, nghe đài hay vấn 11 Khi bạn mua sách [không phải tiểu thuyết], chuyện giá cả, yếu tố khiến bạn định chọn sách đó? a Bề ngồi trông hấp dẫn b Bạn đọc lướt nhanh qua phần sách c Một người bạn kể cho bạn nghe sách giới thiệu cho bạn mua d Cuốn sách có câu chuyện, tình có thật sống 12 Bạn mua máy chụp hình kĩ thuật số Bạn sử dụng sách, đĩa CD trang web để học cách chụp hình Bạn muốn sách, CD hay trang web cung cấp cho bạn điều đây: a Cơ hội để đặt câu hỏi, thảo luận máy chụp hình đặc điểm chức b Bản hướng dẫn rõ ràng chữ viết với đề mục việc cần làm c Các sơ đồ mô tả máy chụp hình chức phận máy d Nhiều ví dụ minh họa chất lượng ảnh chụp cách cải thiện chúng 13 Bạn muốn giáo viên bạn sử dụng phương pháp giảng dạy đây: a Phương pháp minh họa, làm mẫu thực hành b Phương pháp cho đặt câu hỏi – trả lời, thuyết trình, thảo luận nhóm c Phát tài liệu phơ tơ, sách tài liệu để đọc d Phương pháp sử dụng sơ đồ, biểu đồ, hình ảnh 102 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 14 Bạn thi xong Bạn muốn phần nhận xét phần thi bạn phải có: a Sử dụng ví dụ bạn làm phần thi bạn b Bài viết nhận xét phần thi bạn c Nhận xét từ người trao đổi với bạn phần thi d Sử dụng biểu đồ, sơ đồ mô tả bạn đạt chưa đạt phần thi 15 Bạn dự định mua thức ăn quán ăn hay nhà hàng đó, lúc bạn sẽ: a Chọn mua mà bạn ăn trước b Hỏi ý kiến bạn bè nghe nhân viên phục vụ quán giới thiệu cho bạn cần mua c Chọn ăn miêu tả thực đơn d Nhìn xem người khác nhà hàng ăn hay xem hình ăn chọn 16 Để chuẩn bị cho phát biểu quan trọng hội nghị hay dịp đặc biệt bạn sẽ: a Thiết kế biểu đồ, sơ đồ; tìm hình ảnh để giải thích cho phần bạn phát biểu b Viết số từ quan trọng tập nói phát biểu nhiều lần c Viết phát biểu giấy học cách đọc nhiều lần d Sưu tầm nhiều ví dụ câu chuyện minh họa để làm cho phát biểu mang tính thực tế 103 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Appendix 2: Questionnaire to student [English version] Date: November 25, 2008 Dear students, I’m Thanh-Duong Nguyen, a graduate student of The University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Ho Chi Minh City I am doing my master thesis on learning styles preferences I would like to ask you to help me by answering the following questions concerning your own learning style preferences This is not a test; there is no right or wrong answer It is also anonymous; i.e., you don’t write your name on survey I am just interested in your personal perceptions Please give your answer sincerely as only this will guarantee the success of my investigation I guarantee that the data you provide will stay confidential and will not be used for other purposes other than the analysis of this study Thank you for your collaboration Part 1: Background Information Please provide the following information about yourself What is your gender? Male Female What is your major? Hospitality and Tourism Accounting Banking Finance Nursing Computer sciences Other In any given week, how often you use computer? Never Sometimes Often, but not everyday Every day Part 2: About your preferred learning style: 104 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an In each of the following questions, please choose the ONE answer which best explains your preference and carefully and clearly circle the letter of the answer you prefer You are helping someone who wants to go to the airport, town center or railway station You would: a go with her b tell her the directions c write down the directions d draw, or give her a map You are not sure whether a word should be spelled `dependent' or `dependant' You would: a see the words in your mind and choose by the way they look b think about how each word sounds and choose one c find it in a dictionary d write both words on paper and choose one You are planning a holiday for a group You want some feedback from them about the plan You would: a describe some of the highlights b use a map or website to show them the places c give them a copy of the printed itinerary d phone, text or email them You are going to cook something as a special treat for your family You would: a cook something you know without the need for instructions b ask friends for suggestions c look through the cookbook for ideas from the pictures d use a cookbook where you know there is a good recipe A group of tourists want to learn about the parks or wildlife reserves in your area You would: a talk about, or arrange a talk for them about parks or wildlife reserves 105 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an b show them internet pictures, photographs or picture books c take them to a park or wildlife reserve and walk with them d give them a book or pamphlets about the parks or wildlife reserves You are about to purchase a digital camera or mobile phone Other than price, what would most influence your decision? a Trying or testing it b Reading the details about its features c It is a modern design and looks good d The salesperson telling me about its features Remember a time when you learned how to something new Try to avoid choosing a physical skill, e.g.; riding a bike You learned best by: a watching a demonstration b listening to somebody explaining it and asking questions c diagrams and charts - visual clues d written instructions – e.g a manual or textbook You have a problem with your knee You would prefer that the doctor: a gave you a web address or something to read about it b used a plastic model of a knee to show what was wrong c described what was wrong d showed you a diagram of what was wrong You want to learn a new program, skill or game on a computer You would: a read the written instructions that came with the program b talk with people who know about the program c use the controls or keyboard d follow the diagrams in the book that came with it 10 I like websites that have: a things I can click on, shift or try 106 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an b interesting design and visual features c interesting written descriptions, lists and explanations d audio channels where I can hear music, radio programs or interviews 11 Other than price, what would most influence your decision to buy a new non-fiction book? a The way it looks is appealing b Quickly reading parts of it c A friend talks about it and recommends it d It has real-life stories, experiences and examples 12 You are using a book, CD or website to learn how to take photos with your new digital camera You would like to have: a a chance to ask questions and talk about the camera and its features b clear written instructions with lists and bullet points about what to c diagrams showing the camera and what each part does d many examples of good and poor photos and how to improve them 13 Do you prefer a teacher or a presenter who uses: a demonstrations, models or practical sessions b question and answer, talk, group discussion, or guest speakers c handouts, books, or readings d diagrams, charts or graphs 14 You have finished a competition or test and would like some feedback You would like to have feedback: a using examples from what you have done b using a written description of your results c from somebody who talks it through with you d using graphs showing what you had achieved 15 You are going to choose food at a restaurant or cafe You would: a choose something that you have had there before 107 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an b listen to the waiter or ask friends to recommend choices c choose from the descriptions in the menu d look at what others are eating or look at pictures of each dish 16 You have to make an important speech at a conference or special occasion You would: a make diagrams or get graphs to help explain things b write a few key words and practice saying your speech over and over c write out your speech and learn from reading it over several times d gather many examples and stories to make the talk real and practical 108 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Appendix 3: The VARK Questionnnaire [Original Version and scoring chart] Choose the answer which best explains your preference and circle the letter[s] next to it Please circle more than one if a single answer does not match your perception Leave blank any question that does not apply You are helping someone who wants to go to your airport, town centre or railway station You would: a b go wi th her tell her the directions c write down the directions d draw, or give her a map You are not sure whether a word should be spelled `dependent' or `dependant' You would: a b see the words in your mind and choose by the way they look think about how each word sounds and choose one c d find it in a dictionary write both words on paper and choose one You are planning a holiday for a group You want some feedback from them about the plan You would: a b describe some of the highlights use a map or website to show them the places c d give them a copy of the printed itinerary phone, text or email them You are going to cook something as a special treat for your family You would: a b cook something you know without the need for instructions ask friends for suggestions c look through the cookbook for ideas from the pictures d use a cookbook where you know there is a good recipe A group of tourists want to learn about the parks or wildlife reserves in your area You would: a talk about, or arrange a talk for them about parks or wildlife reserves b c d show them internet pictures, photographs or picture books take them to a park or wildlife reserve and walk with them give them a book or pamphlets about the parks or wildlife reserves You are about to purchase a digital camera or mobile phone Other than price, what would most influence your decision? a Trying or testing it b Reading the details about its features c It is a modern design and looks good d The salesperson telling me about its features Remember a time when you learned how to something new Try to avoid choosing a physical skill, eg riding a bike You learned best by: a b watching a demonstration listening to somebody explaining it and asking questions c d diagrams and charts - visual clues written instructions – e.g a manual or textbook 109 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an You have a problem with your knee You would prefer that the doctor: a b gave you a web address or something to read about it used a plastic model of a knee to show what was wrong c described what was wrong d showed you a diagram of what was wrong You want to learn a new program, skill or game on a computer You would: a b read the written instructions that came with the program talk with people who know about the program c d use the controls or keyboard follow the diagrams in the book that came with it 10 I like websites that have: a things I can click on, shift or try b interesting design and visual features c interesting written descriptions, lists and explanations d audio channels where I can hear music, radio programs or interviews 11 Other than price, what would most influence your decision to buy a new non-fiction book? a The way it looks is appealing b Quickly reading parts of it c d A friend talks about it and recommends it It has real-life stories, experiences and examples 12 You are using a book, CD or website to learn how to take photos with your new digital camera You would like to have: a a chance to ask questions and talk about the camera and its features b clear written instructions with lists and bullet points about what to c d diagrams showing the camera and what each part does many examples of good and poor photos and how to improve them 13 Do you prefer a teacher or a presenter who uses: a b demonstrations, models or practical sessions question and answer, talk, group discussion, or guest speakers c handouts, books, or readings d diagrams, charts or graphs 14 You have finished a competition or test and would like some feedback You would like to have feedback: a using examples from what you have done b c using a written description of your results from somebody who talks it through with you d using graphs showing what you had achieved 15 You are going to choose food at a restaurant or cafe You would: a choose something that you have had there before b listen to the waiter or ask friends to recommend choices c d choose from the descriptions in the menu look at what others are eating or look at pictures of each dish 16 You have to make an important speech at a conference or special occasion You would: a make diagrams or get graphs to help explain things b c d write a few key words and practice saying your speech over and over write out your speech and learn from reading it over several times gather many examples and stories to make the talk real and practical 110 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn