English vietnamese translation techniques of trade neologisms from 1995 to present

VINH UNIVERSITY FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT ********** ENGLISH - VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES OF TRADE NEOLOGISMS FROM 1995 TO PRESENT Graduation Thesis Field: Translation Student : Hồ Thị Minh Hải Class : 49B2 - English Supervisor : Trần Ngọc Tưởng , M.A Vinh 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First of all, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Mr Tran Ngoc Tuong, M.A., whose advice, enthusiastic instructions and useful materials much encouraged me to complete this paper I am truly grateful to the Faculty of Foreign Languages for giving me a chance to carry out this research, as well as for their cares about students Also, my gratitude is due to my family and friends who share with me my worries and my joyfulness in the studying process My heartfelt thanks to you all! Vinh, May 2012 Student Ho Thi Minh Hai ABSTRACT The paper is aimed to study on how neologisms relating to trade have been translated so far and to offer some strategies to deal with this type of word The thesis is arranged in four chapters: Introduction, Literature Review, Findings & Discussion and Conclusion Chapter of the paper states the rationale, aims and objectives, methods of the paper Also, the scope and organization of the paper are mentioned in this chapter Chapter 2: Literature review studies the theoretical background knowledge the paper relies on In this chapter, all understandings about neologisms and translation are introduced The chapter is the main part of the study, it analysis and comments on the translation of trade neologisms are carried out Furthermore, some suggestions for procedures of translating neologisms relating to trade are offered The last chapter summarizes the whole paper The chapter also indicates the shortcomings of the study and offers some suggestions for further studies TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENT LIST OF ABBREVIATION CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION Rationale Aims and objectives of the study Methods of the study Scope of the study Structure of the study CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW Definition of key terms Translation 1.1 What is translation? 1.2 Major translation procedures Neologism 2.1 What is neologism? 2.2 Types of neologism 2.3 Translation of neologism Trade neologisms 3.1 Trade neologisms 3.2 Classification of trade neologisms created since 1995 CHAPTER III: THE ENGLISH- VIETNAMESE TRANSLATION OF TRADE NEOLOGISMS Trade Neologisms created since the establishment of WTO in 1995 Translation of English trade neologisms into Vietnamese 2.1 Translation of totally new concepts C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 2.2 Translation of old words with new senses 2.3 Translation of acronyms 2.4 Translation of pseudo – neologisms 2.5 Translation of other categories of neologisms Suggested procedures to translate neologisms of trade from English into Vietnamese CHAPTER III: CONCLUSION Summary Limitations of the study Suggestions for further studies REFERENCES APPENDIXES Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an LIST OF ABBRIVIATIONS SL Source language TL Target language ST Source text TT Target text WTO World Trade Organization FELTE Faculty of English Language Teacher Education IT Information Technology Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION In this chapter, the rationale as well as the aims and the objectives of the study are stated Moreover, it mentions the methodology and design of the research Rationale As the development of the society, more and more concepts, phenomena and events come out; at the same time, some others will disappear These changes have been reflected immediately by the system of vocabulary The vocabulary, as a result, has to expand to meet the increasing demand of the developing society On the other hand, some words also become less popular because they refer to the old concepts Neologisms appear to fill the gaps of the language when new concepts emerge It was been stated in Newmark (1998, p.140) that approximately 3,000 neologisms are coined annually in each language; In fact, neologisms cannot be accurately quantified, since so many of them hover between acceptance and oblivion and many are short – lived The appearance of neologisms may cause troubles for the speakers; and even more for the translators Problems in translation of new words rank high on the list of challenges faced by translators because this type of words are not readily found in ordinary dictionaries, even in the latest specialized dictionaries The establishment of the World Trade Organization (WTO) was considered the most important event of the international economy in the last decade of 20th century The formation of WTO has given birth to hundreds of new concepts, new agreements as well as new principles which lead to hundreds of neologisms relating to trade More than fifteen years have elapsed and the come out of more neologisms is obvious Vietnam is a developing country and she should not be out of the upward movements of the world As soon as WTO was founded, Vietnam actively studied Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an and approached the agreements and principles of this international organization Also, Vietnam’s successful WTO accession has brought a turning point to Vietnam’s trade Together with its improvement in economy, a huge number of new concepts have appeared, which requires a huge number of neologisms Translation of trade neologisms has become vitally important because this task has bridged the different languages Understanding neologisms of trade supports Vietnam government to introduce the appropriate economic policies and the businesses to carry out the right plan Translation of neologism is always a fundamental job to help other people understand the “newest” knowledge of human beings However, this work is not a simple one The neologism of trade is even more difficult to translate because the translators are required to possess knowledge of trade Yet, translating trade neologisms is unavoidable because of the global development and international integration With these reasons, in this thesis, the writer wishes to introduce and analyze the translation of trade – related neologisms which have emerged in since 1995 and then offer some strategies for translators to deal with trade neologisms in this period Aims and objectives Conducting the study, the author expects to find out the strategies used by translators when they have to handle trade – related neologisms The core aim of the study is to analyze and comment on the ways they cope with this type of neologisms and suggest some procedures to translate the English neologisms of trade into Vietnamese In short, the objective of the study is to answer the following research question: How to translate English trade neologisms created since 1995? Methods of the study Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an The graduation paper has been conducted on the ground of study of translation technique of trade neologisms In the main part of the study, a number of English neologisms will be collected, analyzed and compared their translation in Vietnamese Basing on the examples and suggestions of translation theorists, the study will recommend some techniques to translate neologism The data collected has to be authentic which was written by English native speakers and translated by Vietnamese people The authors of data are emphasized because the SL analyzed in this paper is English and the TL is Vietnamese Neologisms analyzed in this graduation paper are extracted from the bilingual books which were written by speaking – English – as – mother tongue people and translated by the Vietnamese people Also, sources of data may be foreign newspapers which are published in two languages English and Vietnamese Translated versions of trade neologisms are collected from some text books or reference books on trade Most of terms investigated are from Dictionary of Trade Policy Terms and Giáo trình thương mại điện tử published by National Economics Publishing House The documents are written accurately and the English neologisms must be created by the ones using English every day All documents must be published from 1995 This initial condition is needed so that the researcher can determine neologisms of trade easier Scope of study As a student of translation and interpretation, I am fully aware of the challenges faced by translators when encountering words that are difficult to be found in dictionary I, therefore, focus on the translation of neologisms about trade from English into Vietnamese This direction of translation is selected because most Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an terms of trade are from foreign countries If Vietnamese – English translation is chosen, it is just like a back translation Moreover, the study only focuses on the time of last seventeen years since 1995 It is not only the establishment of WTO but also a series of events that exerted great influence on global trade like the attack to World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the emerge of four countries BRIC, the Great Depression in 2007 and the majestic development of China The entrance in WTO of Vietnam in 2007 is considered an outstanding event of Vietnam’s trade in this period This event has provided our countries both opportunities and challenges Vietnamese people are required to know more about the international context to take advantages of opportunities and to face with troubles in front Vietnamese people have to update the information to get the latest news, law or decision brought by individuals or organizations in the world Many words entered Vietnam after 1995 but they had been coined before that They cannot be considered as neologisms and not involve in the study Hopefully, this work will bring the readers a clear understanding of richness and liveliness of language as well as a sound mind to deal with difficulties in translation of neologism Structure of the study In this paper, source language is English and the target language is Vietnamese The study is organized in four chapters: Introduction, literature review, findings & discussion and the conclusion The main part of the study is presented in the third chapter In the chapter literature review, some definitions will be introduced: the theory of translation, definition of neologisms and trade neologisms In chapter three, neologisms relating to trade and their translated versions will be analyzed and commented 10 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an B2B Giao dịch thương mại điện tử doanh nghiệp doanh nghiệp B2C Giao dịch thương mại điện tử doanh nghiệp khách hàng B2G Giao dịch thương mại điện tử doanh nghiệp phủ Backdoor protectionism Chủ nghĩa bảo hộ trá hình Backloading Áp dụng sau Balance of advantages Cán cân lợi Balance of concessions Cân nhượng Behind-the-border issues Các biện pháp đằng sau biên giới Border protection Bảo hộ khu vực biên giới BRIC Khối BRIC But for test Chỉ để kiểm tra Byrd Amendment Sửa đổi Byrd C Cabotage Nội hành Call option Quyền chọn mua Carousel legislation Quy định Carourel Carry forward Sử dụng tiến Carry over Sử dụng lùi Carve-out Tạm miễn trừ Cascading tariffs Các mức thuế tăng dần 45 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Thuế suất trần Ceiling rate Lựa chọn anh đào Cherry-picking China-ASEAN free-trade agreement (CAFTA) Hiệp định thương mại tự Trung Quốc-Asean Circumvention Lách luật Code of conduct Qui định ứng xử Code of Good Practice Qui tắc thực hành COGS cost of goods sold Commercial presence Hiện diện thương mại Compound duty thuế gộp Compound tariff Thuế gộp Comprehensiveness Tính tồn diện Compulsory licensing Cấp phép bắt buộc Computed value Giá trị tính tốn Concealed dumping Phá giá ngầm Conformity assessment đánh giá phù hợp Consensus đồng thuận Container Security Initiative (CSI) Sáng kiến an ninh container Contingent multilateralism Đa phương ngẫu nhiên Contingent protection Bảo hộ đột xuất Continuation clause Điều khoản tiếp tục Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 Đạo luật phá giá tiếp diễn bồi thường trợ cấp 2000 46 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Countertrade Thương mại đối kháng Country hopping Sự lại nước Cradle-to-grave assessment Việc đánh giá từ gốc rễ Crawling peg system Hệ thống kiểm tra hối đoái Creative ambiguity Sự mập mờ sáng tạo Credits for liberalization Tín nhiệm tự hóa Crisis cartel Cartel Cartel gồm cơng ty bị khủng hoảng Critical mass Đa số kịch tính Cross-border alliances Liên minh xuyên biên giới Cross-border Trade in Services Thương mại dịch vụ qua biên giới Cross-section consumption function Hàm số tiêu dùng chéo Cumulative assessment of dumping Đánh giá cộng gộp việc đánh giá Cumulative rules of origin Qui tắc xuất xứ gộp Cumulative subsidies Trợ cấp gộp Current access commitment mức cam kết Current access tariff quotas Hạn ngạch thuế quan theo tiếp cận hành Current domestic value Trị giá nội địa hành Cyclical dumping Phá giá tuần hoàn D D’ Amato legislation Luật D’ Amato De factor discrimination Phân biệt đối xử thực tế De jure discrimination Phân biệt đối xử theo luật 47 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an De minimis clause điều khoản tối thiểu De minimis dumping margins Giới hạn phá giá Biên độ phá giá tối thiểu Declaration on Implementation – Related Issues and Concerns Tuyên bố vấn đề mối quan tâm liên quan đến thực thi Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises Tuyên bố Công ty đầu tư quốc tế xuyên quốc gia Deficiency payments Trợ cấp bù giá Delocalization Di chuyển địa điểm Development box Hộp phát triển Development round Vòng phát triển Dialogue partners Các nước đối thoại Differential export tax Thuế xuất khác biệt Diffuse reciprocity Có có lại lan truyền Digital Opportunity Taskforce Nhóm đặc trách hội số Direction of trade Hướng thương mại Dirty tariffication Thuế hóa sai lệch Disguised trade barriers Hàng rào thương mại trá hình Dispersed tariff rates Thuế suất phân tán Diversionary dumping Phá giá chệch hướng Doha Development Agency Chương trình nghị phát triển Doha Domestic export Xuất nước Double pricing Giá đúp Downpayment Giảm thuế phần Downstream dumping Phá giá xuôi dịng Drawback/ duty drawback Hồn thuế Dual pricing Giá kép 48 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Dual purpose export Xuất nhằm hai mục đích Dual - use products Hàng hóa sử dụng nhiều mục đích Dutiable goods Hàng hóa đánh thuế E E-APEC strategy Chiến lược APEC điện tử Early harvest Thu hoạch sớm Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization (EVSL) Tự hóa sớm theo ngành cách tự nguyện Earnings estimate Doanh thu ước tính EC Wine labeling regulation Qui định nhãn rượu vang EC Eco-dumping Phá giá sinh thái Eco-duties Thuế sinh thái EEP Chương trình phát triển xuất Effective market access Tiếp cận thị trường hiệu Environmental goods and service Hàng hóa dịch vụ mơi trường Equal Sacrifice Theory Thuyết hy sinh ngang European Union – Mercosure Agreement Hiệp định Liên minh Châu Âu – Mercosure Export-performance measures Yêu cầu liên quan đến xuất hàng hóa F Final bound Thuế suất cam kết cắt giảm Flat-rate duties Thuế tuyệt đối Floating initial negotiating Quyền đàm phán ban đầu thả 49 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an rights Foot dragger Bên cố tình trì hỗn Footloose industries Các ngành công nghiệp lỏng chân Forced technology transfer Chuyển giao công nghệ ép buộc Foreign Trade Multiplier Nhân tử ngoại thương Franchising nhượng quyền kinh doanh Free-rider Người ăn theo Future transaction Giao dịch tương lai G G20 Nhóm 20 Genetic labeling Dán nhãn xuất xứ Global Trade Point Network Mạng lưới đầu mối thương mại toàn cầu Graduation Chế độ bãi bỏ ưu đãi H Harmonized System Hệ thống điều hòa Hedging Nghiệp vụ tự bảo hiểm Hidden dumping Phá giá che dấu High-Level Meeting for leastdeveloped countries Hội nghị thượng đỉnh WTO nước chậm phát triển - họp Geneva tháng 10-1997 Horizontal arrangements Thỏa thuận ngang Horizontal commitment Cam kết sàn Horizontal keiretsu Keiretsu ngang 50 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an I Idiosyncratic exchange Mơ hình trao đổi tính chất riêng Implicit Hợp đồng ẩn Implicit discrimination Ngầm phân biệt đối xử Import restriction Hạn chế nhập Import risk assessment Đánh giá rủi ro nhập Import Substitution Chiến lược thay nhập Intervention price Giá can thiệp K Keiretsu relationship Quan hệ Keiretsu Kodak – Fuji Case Trường hợp Kodak – Fuji L Laisser-faire policies Chính sách tự kinh doanh Lattice regionalism Chủ nghĩa khu vực mắt lưới Lex posterior Luật muộn License contract Hợp đồng Li-xăng Licensing Cấp phép Local-content measure Yêu cầu liên quan đến tỷ lệ nội địa Logistics Logistics (lơ-gi-stíc) M Made-to-measure tariffs Thuế quan vừa vặn (modulation) M-Commerce Thương mại di động MECOSUR Thị trường chung Nam Mỹ 51 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Minimum access commitment Mức cam kết tối thiểu Minimum market access Tiếp cận thị trường tối thiểu Mirror – image reciprocity Tương hỗ phản chiếu Modes of delivery Phương thức cung cấp Multi-modal Đa phương thức Mutual recognition arrangement Thỏa thuận công nhận lẫn N Natural presence Hiện diện thể nhân Negative comity Sự thân thiện tiêu cực Non-actionable subsidies trợ cấp phép tự sử dụng Non-trade concerns Những hệ lụy phi thương mại Non-trade objectives in trade policy Các mục tiêu phi thương mại sách thương mại Not-made-here syndrome Nuisance tariff Hội chứng hàng ngoại Thuế quấy rầy O Offer Đề xuất Optimal-intervention principle Nguyên tắc can thiệp tối ưu Options Giao dịch quyền chọn Orderly Marketing Agreement Thỏa thuận tiếp thị có trật tự P P-5 P-5 Paperless trading Thương mại không qua giấy tờ Parallel importation Nhập đồng thời 52 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Para-tariff Tương tự thuế quan Các khoản thu thuế tương đương Partial preferential trade agreement Hiệp định thương mại ưu đãi phần Partial-scope trade agreements Các hiệp định thương mại phạm vi phần Piggybacking Độc quyền khối Pre-shipment inspection kiểm định trước xếp hàng Price undertaking Cam kết giá Process protectionism Chế độ bảo hộ xử lý Product mandating Nghĩa vụ bắt buộc cung cấp sản phẩm Prohibited subsidies Kiểm định bị cấm sử dụng Provisional safeguard measure Biện pháp tự vệ tạm thời PSI (Preshipment inspection) Giám định hàng hóa trước gửi hàng Put option Quyền chọn bán Q Quad Nhóm tứ Qualifying value content Tiêu chuẩn hàm lượng giá trị Quantitative export restriction Hạn chế xuất định lượng Quantitative restriction Hạn chế định lượng Quarantine measures Biện pháp cách ly Quota-hopping Chuyển hạn ngạch R 53 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Recidivist dumping Phá giá tái phạm Reciprocal Có có lại, tương hỗ Reserve special and differential treatment Đối xử đặc biệt khác biệt ngược lại Residual quantitative restriction Hạn chế số lượng dư Residual tariffs Thuế quan phần nhập thêm vượt số lượng cho phép Rollback Giảm dần Rolling specificity Cụ thể hóa chiếu Rules of origin Qui tắc xuất xứ S Schedule of Concessions Danh mục nhượng Screwdriver operations Các hoạt động tuốc nơ vít Seasonal tariff Thuế quan theo thời vụ Secondary dumping Phá giá thứ cấp Sectoral commitments Các cam kết chuyên ngành Sectoral custom union Liên minh hải quan chuyên ngành Sectoral free-trade area Khu vực thương mại tự chuyên ngành Sectoral negotiations Đàm phán thương mại chuyên ngành Semi-tradable Bán khả thương Sensitive sectors Các lĩnh vực nhạy cảm Serious injury Tổn hại nghiêm trọng Shelf-life restriction Hạn chế thời hạn bán hàng Singapore issues Các vấn đề Singapore Single-desk selling Bán hàng cửa Sliding-scale tariff Biểu thuế quan đối chiếu 54 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Soft law Luật mềm Soft loan Khoản vay mềm Sovereign immunity Miễn chủ quyền Spaghetti-bowl effect Ảnh hưởng lây lan Specific commitments Cam kết cụ thể Specific duty Thuế tuyệt đối Thuế đặc biệt Spot transaction Giao dịch giao State trading enterprise (STE) doanh nghiệp thương mại nhà nước thành viên Stumbling blocks Khối cản trở Sunset clause Điều khoản hồng Swing Chuyển đổi Swing mechanism Cơ chế dao động Symbolic deals Thỏa thuận tượng trưng T Tailor – made tariff Thuế quan vừa đủ Tariff jumping Tránh thuế Tariff jumping investment Đầu tư tránh thuế Tariff peaks Mức thuế đỉnh Tariff schedule Danh mục thuế quan Tariff wall Bức tường thuế quan Tariff war Cuộc chiến thuế quan Tariff wedge Nêm thuế Tariff-only regime Chế độ thuế quan Taxes occultés Thuế ẩn hình TBT Hiệp định WTO rào cản kỹ 55 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an thuật thương mại Tendering Đấu thầu Theory of second-best Lý thuyết giải pháp bậc hai Third-country dumping Phá giá nước thứ ba Third-country problem Vấn đề nước thứ ba Third – line forcing Bắt buộc mua hàng từ nguồn thứ ba Trade Act of 2002 Đạo luật thương mại 2002 Trade and Development Act of 2002 Thương mại Đạo luật phát triển 2002 Trade promotion Authority Quyền xúc tiến thương mại Trade remedies Biện pháp khắc phục thương mại Trade-balancing measure Yêu cầu liên quan đến cân trao đổi mậu dịch Trade-related investment measures biện pháp đầu tư liên quan đến hương mại Trade-weighted average tariffs Thuế suất bình quân gia quyền Transitional dumping Phá giá độ Transitional Product-Specific Safeguard Mechanism Cơ chế tự vệ sản phẩm chuyển đổi cụ thể Transitional Review Mechanism Cơ chế rà soát chuyển đổi Transitional safeguard mechanism Cơ chế tự vệ tạm thời (cơ chế tự vệ chuyển đổi) Transparency Minh bạch Trans-Tasman Mutual Recognition Arrangement Thỏa thuận công nhận lẫn xuyên Tasman Treaty of Amsterdam Hiệp ước Amsterdam Treaty of Nice Hiệp ước Nice 56 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an U UNCITRAL model law on electronic commerce Mẫu luật thương mại điện tử UNCITRAL UNCPC (United Nations Central [Provisional] Production Classification Danh mục phân loại sản phẩm [tạm thời] trung tâm liên hợp quốc UNCTAD BIOTRADE initiative Sáng kiến thương mại sinh học UNCTAD Upward harmonization Hài hòa hướng lên V Value-added criterion Tiêu chuẩn giá trị gia tăng Vertical arrangement Thỏa thuận dọc Vertical keiretsu Keiretsu dọc Vietnam – Japan Economic Partnership Agreement Hiệp định đối tác kinh tế Việt NamNhật Bản Virtual supermarket Siêu thị ảo W Waiver Miễn trừ Water in the tariff Nước thuế quan Working Party on Domestic Regulation Ban công tác qui tắc nội địa Working Party on Professional Services Ban công tác dịch vụ chuyên nghiệp Z 57 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Zanzibar Declaration Tuyên bố Zanzibar Zero binding Ràng buộc không Zero options Sự lựa chọn không Zero trading Thuế suất không Zero-for-zero tariff reduction Giảm thuế quan tới không LIST OF SOME ENGLISH NEOLOGISMS RELATING TO TRADE AND SUGGESTED VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS English Vietnamese Bricks and clicks Thương mại điện tử Bricks and mortar Thương mại truyền thống Cutting – edge strategy Chiến lược người đầu Flat – rate duty Thuế suất cố định Horizontal Spread Mở rộng ngang Impex transaction Giao dịch xuất nhập Initial commitments Cam kết ban đầu LCA (Life Cycle Đánh giá vòng đời sản phẩm Assessment) Net exporter Nước xuất siêu North – north trade Thương mại nước phát triển Portfolio Công ty cạnh tranh độc quyền Price pooling Chung giá Scale trading technique Kỹ thuật kinh doanh định mức Signature strategy Chiến lược chữ ký 58 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn