Using mind maps in the pre writing stage to improve high school students’ writing skills

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY TRAN THI THU HIEN USING MIND MAPS IN THE PRE-WRITING STAGE TO IMPROVE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS MASTER’S THESIS IN EDUCATION Vinh, 2017 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY TRAN THI THU HIEN USING MIND MAPS IN THE PRE-WRITING STAGE TO IMPROVE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS Major: Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) MASTER’S THESIS IN EDUCATION Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr NGƠ ĐÌNH PHƯƠNG Vinh, 2017 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that the thesis entitled “Using mind maps in the pre-writing stage to improve high school students’ writing skills” is my own work, and that the thesis has not been submitted to any university or institution Vinh, June 2017 Author’s signature: Tran Thi Thu Hien ABSTRACT Writing still presents a big challenge for the majority of students at high schools As teachers, we feel the responsibility to find new ways to improve this skill among other skills Teachers, in the process of teaching writing need strategies that can attract the students' interest and render the task of writing more enjoyable To this end, Mind Mapping, a technique developed by Tony Buzan (1960s), has proved to be a promising instrument for the teacher and the learner alike The principal objective of the research was making an effort to investigate the impact of applying Mind Mapping technique as a pre-writing tool on enhancement of high school learners’ writing ability To so, 30 high school learners at the same level were divided into two experimental and control groups Prior to treatment, participants of the both groups were given a pretest in order to ensure comparability of their writing skill Having introduced the mind mapping technique to members of the experimental group and finished the treatment period, a posttest was administered to measure the effect of the intervention During the treatment period, participants were instructed how to make mind maps work in generating ideas, connecting them by the use of codes, colors and images and finally creating a wellorganized piece of writing The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control one li C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am fully aware that this thesis cannot be finished without other people’s help In this opportunity, I would like to thank all of those who have supported and guided me in the process of writing this thesis Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Ngo Dinh Phuong, for his support, valuable criticism, guidance, and encouragement I am also grateful to my colleagues and students of K71 A1 and K71 D3 at Phan Dinh Phung high school without whom I was not able to finish the study My thanks go to my beloved family and friends to whom I feel indebted for their giving me strength and motivation to fulfill this thesis Finally, I hope that this thesis will be useful for the readers although it is still far from being perfect Therefore, I greatly appreciate any criticisms, ideas, and suggestions for the improvement of this thesis iii Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an TABLE OF CONTENTS Page STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ABSTRACT ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LISTS OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES x LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Methods of the study 1.6 Design of the thesis CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Writing 2.1.1 Definition 2.1.2 Writing skills 2.2 Pre-writing iv Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 2.2.1 Definition 2.2.2 The importance of pre-writing 10 2.2.3 Pre-writing techniques 12 2.3 Mind map 18 2.3.1 Definition 18 2.3.2 Benefits of the mindmapping in writing 19 2.3.3 How to make a mind map 21 2.3.4 Common types of mind map 23 CHAPTER RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 30 3.1 Research questions 30 3.2 Study setting 30 3.3 Participants 30 3.3.1 The Control Group 31 3.3.2 The Experimental Group 31 3.3.3 Resemblance 32 3.4 Materials 32 3.5 Procedure 34 CHAPTER DATA ANALYSISAND DISCUSSION 37 4.1 Results from the General English test 37 v Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 4.2 The result from the eight topics on organization and idea development 38 4.2.1 The comparison between the average score of eight sessions for both groups 39 4.2.2 The comparison between the average score of the first session and the average of the last session of the two groups 43 4.2.3 The comparison between the average score of the second half sessions and the average of the first half sessions 49 4.2.4 The patterns of progress in writing scores 54 4.3 The comparison between the average score of the pre-test and post-test of both groups 59 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 63 5.1 Conclusion 63 5.2 Limitations 64 5.3 Suggestions 64 REFERENCES 66 APPENDIX A 68 APPENDIX B 72 APPENDIX C 75 APPENDIX D 78 APPENDIX E 79 APPENDIX F 80 APPENDIX G 81 vi Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an - Lead in the topic of the coming lesson PRE-WRITING (13m) Task 1: - Introduce the situation - Explain some new words • sperm whale (n) • carnivore (n) • at risk (adv) • entrapment (n) • gestation (n) • offiprmg (n) ca nhà tang lồi an thit lâm nguy su mac bay su thai nghén non - Ask sts to work in groups to discuss what they have known about sperm whales by completing the table that follows in the textbook - Move round to conduct the activity - Draw a table on the board and ask some sts to complete - Get feedback and give remarks WHILE-WRITING (15m) Task 2: - Ask sts to write a paragraph about the sperm whales basing on the table they have completed - Set time for sts to write - Move round to conduct the activity POST-WRITING (10m) - Ask sts to hang their work on the board 78 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Get feedback from sts Check & give remarks CONSOLIDATION & HOMEWORK (2m) - Consolidate what have been taught - Ask sts to write a paragraph about one of the sea animals they know - Ask sts to prepare part E _ Language Focus 79 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX D PRE-TEST FOR EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUPS Write a paragraph (about 180 words) about your best friend POST -TEST FOR EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUPS (45 mins) Write a paragraph (about 180 words) about your favoutite sport 80 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX E APPENDIX F The Scoring Rubric of Writing Criteria Score Content Ideas and Development Organization Grammar Vocabulary Mechanics - Spelling - Punctuation Performance description Extensive development of topic; strong support of main idea with details Good development of topic Adequate development of topic; listing of details Weak development of topic, details not relating to the topic Well- organized; smooth flow with strong sequence Fairly well organized; flow and sequence evident Sparsely organized; lack of sequence Not organized No grammatical inaccuracies, a variety of lengths Few grammatical inaccuracies, meaning is clear Quite many grammatical inaccuracies Very poor knowledge of grammar, frequent grammatical inaccuracies Effective choice of words and word forms Few missuse of words, word forms; meaning is clear Limited range confusing words and word forms Very poor or inappropriate word choice Error free Very few errors (1-5) Some errors (6-10) - Capitalization Adapted from Brown (2007) Many errors (over 10) 81 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 82 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an ts) ts) l/i l/i l/l ts) O o U> U> U> o o o l/l U> ts) U> ts) O l/l o o l/i l/i o ts) l/l NO o U> l/l U> o l/i U> ts) o o ts) ts) O o ts) ts) Organization U> l/i vocaDUiary U> o icieas anu Development U> o l/i l/l u> ts) U> l/l o ts) l/i l/l o l/l grammar iviecnanics Total score ON o Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn The experimental group’s pre- test scores ts) ts) Student ts) o 2.5 o U> o A2 o 00 o o o ts) U> o l/i 2.5 o o l/i O U> A3 ON O ts) 2.0 00 o o ts) o A4 O ts) o O 2.0 ts) ts) ts) A5 ts) l/l l/i l/i O 2.5 l/i l/i ts) A6 l/l l/i 2.5 U> l/l O l/i A7 l/l ts) o 2.0 ts) ts) ts) A8 U> o l/l O 2.0 ts) ts) l/l A9 o ts) l/i A10 U> o l/l l/i 2.0 ts) ts) All 2.0 2.5 U> o l/l A12 A13 A14 A15 ts) l/i > C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an ts) ts) o ts) NO o o o o ts) ts) ts) o O l/i l/l NO o ts) ts) o O ts) ts) Organization U> O l/i vocaDUiary u> O o icieas anu Development ts) ts) o l/l l/i grammar ts) ts) o l/l o U> O o iviecnanics ts) o U> U> ts) ts) o Ui Total score l/l l/i o o O O l/l l/i Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn The control group’s pre-test scores ts) U> ts) o l/i Student u> o O l/i ts) d d 3.5 O o 2.0 ts) O l/i l/i ON B2 ts) ts) 00 o 2.5 ts) U> U> U> ts) U> O l/i l/i l/i l/i o o l/l o O l/i o B3 ts) ts) o l/l l/l ts) O 2.5 U> ts) ts) o l/l l/l ts) U) l/i l/l o B4 ts) o 3.0 U) ts) o l/l l/i ts) B5 O 2.5 ts) O l/i B6 ts) 3.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 3.0 2.0 U) ts) l/i l/i l/l l/i B7 B9 BIO Bll B12 B13 B14 B15 U\ d d 00 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Student A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 All A12 A13 A14 A15 > 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.5 2.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.5 2.5 Organization U) U> U) U) U) U) U) U) U) U) U) U) U) l/i Ö l/i l/i Ö Ö l/l Ö l/l l/l Ö Ö l/l l/i Ö Ideas and Development ts U) ts ts ts ts ts U) U) ts ts ts U) U) Grammar l/l ) Ö )l/l Ö ) l/i Ö ) Ö ) Ö ) Ö Ö l/l ) l/i ) l/l ) Ö l/l ts U) ts ts ts ts ts ts ts ts ts ts ts ts U) Mechanics ) Ö )l/l Ö ) Ö ) l/i ) Ö ) l/i ) l/l ) l/l ) l/i ) l/l ) Ö ) Ö ) Ö Ö U> Ö Ö Total score u> ts U> ts Ui Ui U> Ö Ö l/i Ö Ö Ö l/i l/i l/i l/l l/i Ö l/i ) ) Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn The experimental group’s post-test scores ts U> ts ts ts ts ts U) U) U) ts U) ts U) Vocabulary l/l ) l/i )l/l l/l ) Ö ) Ö ) Ö ) l/i Ö Ö l/i )l/l Ö )l/l l/i C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Ö Is) l/i U) Ö U) u> l/l Ö U) U) Ö Is) Is) Is) Is) Is) Ö l/i Ö l/l l/i Is) Is) Is) Is) Is) Ö l/l Ö l/l l/i l/t Is) Is) Is) Is) Ö Ö l/l Ö Is) Is) Is) Is) Ö Ö Ö Ö Is) l/t Is) Ö l/l U fl u a ON U) l/l U) Ö U) l/i Is) l/l Is) l/l U) Ö U fl U fl p * ö d N/i U) Is) Is) Is) Is) Ö Ö l/l l/l l/i U) Ö U) Is) l/i Is) l/i Ö Is) Is) l/l Ö Is) Is) l/l l/l U> U) Ö U) Ö U fl U fl Is) Is) l/l Is) l/l Organization u> l/i Vocabulary U) l/i Ideas and Development Is) Ö l/i U) l/i u> Is) Is) Ö Ö l/l Ö o Is) l/l l/l o l/i Ö l/i Ö l/i U) ON Ö U) Ö Ö U) Ö U) Ö 14.0 Is) l/l u> 15.0 NO Is) 14.0 13.0 ON l/i Ö Ö Ö U> l/t Is) l/l Is) U) Ö U) Mechanics l/l Is) l/l Grammar N/i l/l Total score Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn The control group’s post-test scores Is) U) l/i U fl 00 Student U) U fl NO U> Ui Ö U fl BIO U fl B12 B14 Uf l C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX K THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP’S SCORES IN THE 8-SESSIONS (ORGANIZATION CRITERIA) TOPIC NUMBER P S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 A1 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 A2 1.5 1.6 1.9 2.4 2.5 2.5 3.3 3.4 3.5 A4 2.0 2.6 2.4 2.0 3.0 2.3 A3 1.8 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.8 2.9 A6 2.0 2.5 2.8 2.7 3.0 A5 2.8 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 A7 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.5 A8 2.0 2.2 2.8 2.3 2.5 2.4 2.7 3.0 A9 2.0 1.5 2.1 1.7 2.2 2.5 2.5 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.5 2.0 1.5 2.0 1.7 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.4 2.6 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.1 2.7 3.4 3.7 3.8 2.8 3.9 3.0 2.8 2.1 3.0 2.5 A14 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.8 2.7 3.0 1.8 2.6 2.5 A15 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 A10 A11 A12 A13 2.9 85 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 3.0 3.5 3.0 4.0 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX L THE CONTROL GROUP’S SCORES IN THE 8-SESSIONS (ORGANIZATION CRITERIA) TOPIC NUMBER P S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 B1 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 B2 2.0 1.4 2.0 1.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 B3 2.0 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.3 1.8 2.3 1.8 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.0 B4 1.6 2.5 B5 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.4 2.0 3.5 B6 2.5 2.3 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.5 B7 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.3 B8 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.4 2.5 2.5 B9 2.0 2.1 2.5 2.3 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 B10 2.2 1.9 B11 2.0 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.0 2.5 1.6 2.2 3.0 2.5 1.8 2.5 2.0 2.7 2.0 2.9 2.0 3.0 B14 2.0 3.0 1.8 2.3 2.1 1.7 2.2 2.3 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.5 B15 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.8 3.0 B12 B13 86 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX M THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP’S SCORES IN THE 8-SESSIONS (IDEA DEVELOPMENT CRITERIA) TOPIC NUMBER P S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 A1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 A2 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.5 A3 2.0 2.1 2.8 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.4 A5 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.0 A6 2.0 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.8 2.7 3.0 A4 2.6 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 A7 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.4 3.5 A8 2.1 1.7 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.0 2.4 A10 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.7 3.0 A11 1.5 2.2 2.3 2.0 2.4 2.8 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.0 A9 2.0 2.5 A12 2.5 2.8 3.0 A13 2.5 2.8 2.7 A14 3.0 3.1 2.8 3.2 A15 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.3 3.0 3.5 2.6 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.3 3.3 3.5 2.8 3.3 3.0 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.8 4.0 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.4 3.5 87 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn