USING MIND MAPS IN THE PRE WRITING STAGE TO IMPROVE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS

+ MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY TRAN THI THU HIEN USING MIND MAPS IN THE PRE-WRITING STAGE TO IMPROVE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS MASTER’S THESIS IN EDUCATION Vinh, 2017 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY TRAN THI THU HIEN USING MIND MAPS IN THE PRE-WRITING STAGE TO IMPROVE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS Major: Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) MASTER’S THESIS IN EDUCATION Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr NGƠ ĐÌNH PHƯƠNG STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I certify that the thesis entitled “Using mind maps in the pre-writing stage to improve high school students’ writing skills” is my own work, and that the thesis has not been submitted to any university or institution Vinh, June 2017 Author’s signature: Tran Thi Thu Hien l ABSTRACT Writing still presents a big challenge for the majority of students at high schools As teachers, we feel the responsibility to find new ways to improve this skill among other skills Teachers, in the process of teaching writing need strategies that can attract the students' interest and render the task of writing more enjoyable To this end, Mind Mapping, a technique developed by Tony Buzan (1960s), has proved to be a promising instrument for the teacher and the learner alike The principal objective of the research was making an effort to investigate the impact of applying Mind Mapping technique as a pre-writing tool on enhancement of high school learners’ writing ability To so, 30 high school learners at the same level were divided into two experimental and control groups Prior to treatment, participants of the both groups were given a pretest in order to ensure comparability of their writing skill Having introduced the mind mapping technique to members of the experimental group and finished the treatment period, a posttest was administered to measure the effect of the intervention During the treatment period, participants were instructed how to make mind maps work in generating ideas, connecting them by the use of codes, colors and images and finally creating a wellorganized piece of writing The results showed that the experimental group outperformed the control one li ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am fully aware that this thesis cannot be finished without other people’s help In this opportunity, I would like to thank all of those who have supported and guided me in the process of writing this thesis Firstly, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Ngo Dinh Phuong, for his support, valuable criticism, guidance, and encouragement I am also grateful to my colleagues and students of K71 A1 and K71 D3 at Phan Dinh Phung high school without whom I was not able to finish the study My thanks go to my beloved family and friends to whom I feel indebted for their giving me strength and motivation to fulfill this thesis Finally, I hope that this thesis will be useful for the readers although it is still far from being perfect Therefore, I greatly appreciate any criticisms, ideas, and suggestions for the improvement of this thesis TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.2 Page 1.2.1 Definition 1.2.2 4.1 4.2 The result from the eight topics on organization and idea development 38 4.2.1 The comparison between the average score of eight sessions for both groups 39 4.2.2 The comparison between the average score of the first session and the average of 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 Table 4.13 The differences between the four initial sessions’ score and the 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8 1.2.9 1.2.10 Figure 4.1 The first and the last sessions mean's score for both groups on organization 1.2.11 45 1.2.12 Figure 4.2 The first and the last sessions mean's score for both groups on idea 1.2.13 1.2.14 1.2.15 ESL: English as a Second Language EFL: English as a Foreign Language CLT: Communicative Language Teaching ELLs: English language learners L1: First Language L2: Second Language P: Participant S: Session 1.2.16 E.G: Experimental Group C.G: Control Group 1.2.17 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.2.18 This chapter is written with the purpose of giving the rationale, objectives of the study, the research questions, the significance of the study, the scope of the study, an overview of research methodology and finally introducing the outline of the thesis 1.1 Rationale 1.2.19 English is the fourth most widely spoken native language in the world, and in terms of sheer number of speakers, it is the most spoken official language in the world It is the primary language used in international affairs The English language has official status even in nations where it is not the primary spoken language English is indisputably the primary language of global trade and commerce In many countries, most tourism authorities and other officials in contact with the public speak English to interact and engage with tourists and immigrants Knowing English opens job and employment opportunities in many countries and markets Therefore, the necessity for learning and mastering its different skills and sub-skills is deeply felt 1.2.20 However, one of its most essential and challenging components is writing which is found a complex, boring, and devastating task by most EFL/ESL learners Writing is a difficult skill to acquire in the writers' native languages and apparently the difficulty gets huger as far as the second or foreign languages are concerned 1.2.21 One of the major problems of learners is getting started while having the thoughts and ideas in their minds well-organized and developed Although in order to create a rich piece of writing, lexical, mechanical, and organizational aspects should be taken into account and work simultaneously, some EFL learners stick to the first two at the expense of the organizational part Such a thing ends in losing track of what they have in mind regarding the topic they are supposed to write about Obviously, a cluttered and poorly-organized piece of writing leads to losing the message that the U l o / i Organization U l O >l vocaDUiary / / l i t U t u s s l o O o icieas anu Development t s t s t s t s t s t s t s t s t s t s t s l / l o O o Student o o l / l l / l d d 3.5 o N O l / i t s 2.0 N O o O t s B2 l / i t s 2.5 t s l / i B3 t s t s 2.5 l O / i U l >o / l U U o o t s B4 l / i U o 3.0 t s B5 l / l t U s l l 2.5 l t s B6 l o 3.0 l O / i t s B7 t s d d 0 2.0 2.0 1.2.419 B9 o 2.0 O N 2.0 o 2.0 3.0 2.0 U l l / / i l u o >o 1.2.409 1.2.410 t t s s 1.2.411 O l O / 1.2.412 i 1.2.413 t t s s 1.2.414 O o O 1.2.415 1.2.416 1.2.417 o o o o 1.2.418 BIO Bll B12 B13 B14 B15 1.2.398 1.2.399 1.2.400 U 1.2.401 \ 1.2.402 1.2.403 t t U 1.2.404 s s l )l 1.2.405 l l O / / / / i i 1.2.406 l i t U t t 1.2.407 s s s o o 1.2.408 l l O l / l o o t t U o Os Os l / l O t s l grammar / i U >o iviecnanics o U Total score l l / / l i T he co nt ro l gr ou p’ s pr ete st sc or 1.2.435 Student 1.2.420 1.2.421 1.2.422 1.2.423 1.2.424 1.2.425 1.2.426 1.2.427 1.2.428 1.2.429 1.2.430 1.2.431 1.2.432 1.2.433 1.2.434 > 1.2.436 1.2.437 1.2.438 1.2.439 1.2.440 1.2.441 1.2.442 1.2.443 1.2.444 1.2.445 1.2.446 1.2.447 1.2.448 1.2.449 1.2.450 1.2.451 O rganization 1.2.452 1.2.4531.2.454 1.2.455 1.2.456 1.2.457 1.2.458 1.2.460 1.2.461 1.2.4621.2.463 1.2.4641.2.465 1.2.466 1.2.467 V 1.2.459 1.2.468 1.2.469 1.2.470 1.2.471 1.2.472 1.2.473 1.2.474 1.2.475 1.2.476 1.2.477 1.2.478 1.2.479 1.2.480 1.2.481 1.2.482 ocabulary l l l l Ö Ö Ö l Ö Ö l l Ö l l / / / / / / / / / l i l l i i l l i 1.2.4841.2.485 1.2.486 1.2.487 1.2.488 1.2.489 1.2.490 1.2.491 1.2.492 1.2.493 1.2.494 1.2.495 1.2.496 1.2.497 1.2.498 1.2.499 I 1.2.500 1.2.501 1.2.502 1.2.503 1.2.504 1.2.505 1.2.506 1.2.507 1.2.508 1.2.509 1.2.510 1.2.511 1.2.512 1.2.513 1.2.514 l Ö l l Ö Ö l Ö l l Ö Ö l l Ö deas and / / / / / / / / i1.2.516 i i l l l l1.2.528 i 1.2.530 Development 1.2.5171.2.518 1.2.519 1.2.521 1.2.522 1.2.523 1.2.524 1.2.5251.2.526 1.2.527 1.2.529 1.2.531 G 1.2.520 1.2.532 1.2.533 1.2.534 1.2.535 1.2.536 1.2.537 1.2.538 1.2.539 1.2.540 1.2.541 1.2.542 1.2.543 1.2.544 1.2.545 1.2.546 rammar l Ö l Ö l Ö Ö Ö Ö Ö l l l Ö l / / / / / / / l1.2.548 i1.2.552 l1.2.558 i1.2.559 l1.2.560 l 1.2.563 1.2.549l1.2.550 1.2.551 1.2.553 1.2.554 1.2.555 1.2.556 1.2.557 1.2.561 1.2.562 M t U1.2.565 t 1.2.567 t 1.2.568 t 1.2.569 t 1.2.570 t 1.2.571 t 1.2.572 t 1.2.573 t 1.2.574 t 1.2.575 t 1.2.576 t 1.2.577 t U1.2.578 echanics 1.2.564 1.2.566 Ö Ö l Ö Ö l Ö l l l l l Ö Ö Ö / / / / / / / 1.2.595 T 1.2.580 1.2.581 1.2.582 1.2.583 1.2.584 1.2.585 1.2.586 1.2.587 1.2.588 1.2.589 1.2.590 1.2.591 1.2.592 1.2.593 1.2.594 1.2.5961.2.597 1.2.5991.2.600 1.2.601 1.2.6021.2.603 1.2.604 1.2.6051.2.606 1.2.6071.2.608 1.2.598 1.2.609 1.2.610 otal score 1.2.612 1.2.613 1.2.614 1.2.615 1.2.616 1.2.617 1.2.618 1.2.619 1.2.620 1.2.621 1.2.622 1.2.623 1.2.624 1.2.625 1.2.626 1.2.627 Ö Ö Ö Ö l Ö Ö Ö l l l l l Ö l / / / / / / / 1.2.628 1.2.1199 T he ex pe ri m en tal gr ou p’ s po stte st sc U f l U f l U u U f a f l 1.2.643 l ON 1.2.638 1.2.640 NO 00 U ö U f d f l 1.2.649 l U> U f l 1.2.6451.2.647 1.2.651 N/i I - 1.2.653 Student U f l 1.2.636 1.2.630 1.2.633 U> BIO U f l 1.2.634 B12 U f l 1.2.631 B14 1.2.629 1.2.632 1.2.635 1.2.637 1.2.639 1.2.641 1.2.642 1.2.644 1.2.646 1.2.648 1.2.650 1.2.652 1.2.654 1.2.656 1.2.6581.2.660 1.2.6701.2.672 1.2.6741.2.676 1.2.662 1.2.664 1.2.666 1.2.668 1.2.678 1.2.680 1.2.682 O U) U) U) U) U) I I I I I I I I I I 1.2.684 1.2.655 1.2.657 1.2.659 1.2.671 1.2.675 s s s s s s s s s s rganization ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Ö l Ö ) l l 1.2.661 1.2.663 1.2.665 1.2.667 1.2.669 1.2.673 1.2.677 1.2.679 1.2.681 1.2.683 / / / i Ö l / Ö l / l / l l / i Ö Ö l / l / 1.2.687 1.2.6891.2.691 1.2.7011.2.703 1.2.7051.2.707 1.2.7091.2.711 1.2.713 1.2.685 1.2.693 1.2.695 1.2.697 1.2.699 1.2.715 U) u> U) U) U) u> I I I I I I I I I 1.2.688 1.2.690 1.2.702 1.2.706 1.2.710 1.2.714 s s s s s s s s s ocabulary ) ) ) ) ) l Ö ) Ö ) Ö ) Ö ) l 1.2.686 1.2.692 1.2.694 1.2.696 1.2.698 1.2.700 1.2.704 1.2.708 1.2.712 / / Ö l Ö l / Ö l / l / l / l / l / i V 1.2.718 1.2.7201.2.722 1.2.731 1.2.733 1.2.7351.2.737 1.2.7391.2.741 1.2.743 1.2.716 1.2.724 1.2.726 1.2.729 1.2.728 U) U) U) U) U) U) U) I I I I I I I 1.2.745 l 1.2.719 1.2.721 1.2.732 1.2.734 1.2.736 1.2.740 1.2.744 s s s s s s s ) ) ) ) ) ) ) / Ö Ö l Ö l Ö l 1.2.717 1.2.723 1.2.725 1.2.727 1.2.730 1.2.738 1.2.742 t / / / deas and l / Ö l / Ö l / i i Ö l / i I Development 1.2.7481.2.750 1.2.761 1.2.7631.2.765 1.2.7691.2.771 1.2.773 1.2.746 1.2.752 1.2.754 1.2.756 1.2.759 1.2.767 1.2.758 1.2.775 U) u> U) U) I I I I I I U> I I I l 1.2.749 1.2.762 1.2.764 1.2.770 1.2.774 s s s s s s s s s rammar ) ) ) ) ) ) ) / l l Ö ) Ö ) Ö 1.2.747 1.2.751 1.2.753 1.2.755 1.2.757 1.2.760 1.2.766 1.2.768 1.2.772 t / / Ö i Ö Ö Ö Ö l i l Ö l G 1.2.7771.2.779 1.2.790 1.2.7921.2.794 1.2.7981.2.800 1.2.802 1.2.782 1.2.784 1.2.786 1.2.788 1.2.796 1.2.776 1.2.781 1.2.803 u> U) U) U) U) I I I I I I I I l l 1.2.778 1.2.791 1.2.793 1.2.799 s s s s s s s s echanics ) ) ) ) ) / / Ö ) Ö Ö ) Ö ) 1.2.780 1.2.783 1.2.785 1.2.787 1.2.789 1.2.795 1.2.797 1.2.801 i t Ö Ö Ö Ö l / l / l / l / M 1.2.822 l 1.2.825 1.2.823 1.2.827 N/i I s 1.2.826 otal score 1.2.821 ) l Ö 1.2.824 / 14.0 l / 1.2.820 i 15.0 i 1.2.819 14.0 i 1.2.807 13.0 1.2.805 1.2.808 1.2.811 1.2.817 1.2.815 ON NO 1.2.8101.2.813I ON s 1.2.806 1.2.809 1.2.818 o 1.2.804 l o ) l l l 1.2.812 1.2.814 Ö / / / / Ö Ö 1.2.816 l / l T 1.2.828 1.2.1201 1.2.1349 (ORGANIZATION (ORGANIZATIONCRITERIA) CRITERIA) 1.2.1350 1.2.1351 1.2.1203 TOPIC NUMBER 1.2.1202 P 1.2.1204 1.2.1205 1.2.1353 1.2.1206 1.2.1354 1.2.1207 1.2.1355 1.2.1208 1.2.1356 1.2.1357 1.2.1209 1.2.1210 1.2.1358 1.2.1211 1.2.13591.2.1212 1.2.1360 P S1S1 S2S2 S3S3 S4 S4 S5S5 S6 S7 S7 S8 S8 1.2.1361 1.2.1362 1.2.1363 1.2.1364 1.2.1365 1.2.1366 1.2.1367 1.2.1368 1.2.1369 B1 1.2.1214 2.5 1.2.1215 2.3 1.2.1216 2.3 1.2.1217 2.5 1.2.1218 2.3 1.2.1219 2.3 2.3 2.5 1.2.1213 1.2.1220 1.2.1221 1.2.1370 1.2.1371 1.2.1372 1.2.1373 1.2.1374 1.2.1375 1.2.1376 1.2.1377 1.2.1378 A1 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.9 4.0 4.0 1.2.1200 B2 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.5 1.2.1222 1.2.1223 1.2.1224 1.2.1225 1.2.1226 1.2.1227 1.2.1228 1.2.1229 1.2.1230The 1.2.1379 1.2.1380 1.2.1381 1.2.1382 1.2.1383 1.2.1384 1.2.1386 1.2.1387 A2 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.2.1385 2.3 2.4 2.5 B3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.2.1231 1.2.1232 1.2.1233 1.2.1234 1.2.1235 1.2.1236 1.2.1237 1.2.1238 1.2.1239 1.2.1388 1.2.13912.9 1.2.13923.0 1.2.1393 3.3 1.2.1394 1.2.1395 1.2.1396 A3 2.51.2.1389 2.61.2.13902.9 3.4 3.5 B4 1.2.1241 2.5 1.2.1242 2.5 1.2.1243 2.3 1.2.1244 2.5 1.2.1245 2.3 1.2.1246 2.3 2.3 2.0 1.2.1240 1.2.1247 1.2.1248 1.2.1397 1.2.14002.4 1.2.14012.8 1.2.1402 2.8 1.2.1403 1.2.1404 1.2.1405 A4 2.01.2.1398 2.41.2.13992.4 2.8 3.0 B5 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.5 1.2.1249 1.2.1250 1.2.1251 1.2.1252 1.2.1253 1.2.1254 1.2.1255 1.2.1256 1.2.1257 1.2.1406 1.2.14092.4 1.2.14102.5 1.2.1411 2.7 1.2.1412 1.2.1413 1.2.1414 A5 2.01.2.1407 2.11.2.14082.3 2.9 3.0 B6 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.5 1.2.1258 1.2.1259 1.2.1260 1.2.1261 1.2.1262 1.2.1263 1.2.1264 1.2.1265 1.2.1266 1.2.1415 1.2.14182.9 1.2.14193.0 1.2.1420 3.2 1.2.1421 1.2.1422 1.2.1423 A6 2.51.2.1416 2.61.2.14172.7 3.4 3.5 B7 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.3 2.5 1.2.1267 1.2.1268 1.2.1269 1.2.1270 1.2.1271 1.2.1272 1.2.1273 1.2.1274 1.2.1275 1.2.1424 1.2.14273.0 1.2.14283.3 1.2.1429 3.4 1.2.1430 1.2.1431 1.2.1432 A7 2.51.2.1425 2.81.2.14262.8 3.5 3.5 B8 1.2.1277 2.0 1.2.1278 2.3 1.2.1279 2.1 1.2.1280 2.2 1.2.1281 2.4 1.2.1282 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.2.1276 1.2.1283 1.2.1284 1.2.1433 1.2.14362.5 1.2.14372.4 1.2.1438 2.7 1.2.1439 1.2.1440 1.2.1441 A8 2.01.2.1434 2.21.2.14352.3 2.8 3.0 B9 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 1.2.1285 1.2.1286 1.2.1287 1.2.1288 1.2.1289 1.2.1290 1.2.1291 1.2.1292 1.2.1293 1.2.1442 1.2.1445 1.2.14462.5 1.2.1447 2.6 1.2.1448 1.2.1449 1.2.1450 A9 2.01.2.1443 2.11.2.1444 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.5 B1 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.2.1294 1.2.1295 1.2.1296 1.2.1297 1.2.1298 1.2.1299 1.2.1300 1.2.1301 1.2.1302 1.2.1451 1.2.14542.0 1.2.14552.1 1.2.1456 2.3 1.2.1457 1.2.1458 1.2.1459 A1 1.51.2.1452 1.71.2.14531.8 2.4 2.5 B11 2.0 2.0 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 1.2.1303 1.2.1304 1.2.1305 1.2.1306 1.2.1307 1.2.1308 1.2.1309 1.2.1310 1.2.1311 1.2.1460 1.2.1461 1.2.1462 1.2.1463 1.2.1464 1.2.1465 1.2.1466 1.2.1467 1.2.1468 A1 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8 3.0 B1 1.2.1313 1.5 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.2.1312 1.2.1314 1.2.1315 1.2.1316 1.2.1317 1.2.1318 1.2.1319 1.2.1320 1.2.1469 1.2.14722.0 1.2.14732.3 1.2.1474 2.5 1.2.1475 1.2.1476 1.2.1477 A1 1.51.2.1470 1.71.2.14711.8 2.7 3.0 B1 2.0 2.2 2.3 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.0 1.2.1321 1.2.1322 1.2.1323 1.2.1324 1.2.1325 1.2.1326 1.2.1327 1.2.1328 1.2.1329 1.2.1478 1.2.14812.4 1.2.14822.5 1.2.1483 2.7 1.2.1484 1.2.1485 1.2.1486 A1 2.01.2.1479 2.11.2.14802.1 2.8 3.0 B1 3.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.5 1.2.1330 1.2.1331 1.2.1332 1.2.1333 1.2.1334 1.2.1335 1.2.1336 1.2.1337 1.2.1338 1.2.1487 1.2.14903.4 1.2.14913.7 1.2.1492 3.8 1.2.1493 1.2.1494 1.2.1495 A1 2.51.2.1488 2.81.2.14893.0 3.9 4.0 B1 1.2.1340 2.0 1.2.1341 2.2 1.2.1342 2.0 1.2.1343 2.4 1.2.1344 2.3 1.2.1345 2.7 2.8 3.0 1.2.1339 1.2.1346 1.2.1347 1.2.1496 A1 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 1.2.1348 1.2.829 1.2.1497 (IDEA DEVELOPMENT CRITERIA) 1.2.1499 TOPIC NUMBER 1.2.1498 1.2.1500 1.2.1501 1.2.1502 1.2.1503 1.2.1504 1.2.1505 1.2.1506 1.2.1507 1.2.1508 P S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 1.2.1509 1.2.1510 1.2.1511 A1 3.0 3.0 1.2.1518 1.2.1519 1.2.1520 A2 2.5 2.8 1.2.1527 1.2.1528 1.2.1529 A3 2.0 2.1 1.2.1536 1.2.1537 1.2.1538 A4 2.0 2.0 1.2.1545 1.2.1546 1.2.1547 A5 2.0 2.2 1.2.1554 1.2.1555 1.2.1556 A6 2.5 2.5 1.2.1563 1.2.1564 1.2.1565 A7 2.5 2.8 1.2.1572 1.2.1573 1.2.1574 A8 2.0 2.1 1.2.1581 1.2.1582 1.2.1583 A9 2.5 1.7 1.2.1590 1.2.1591 1.2.1592 A1 1.5 1.6 1.2.1599 1.2.1600 1.2.1601 A1 1.5 2.2 1.2.1608 1.2.1609 1.2.1610 A1 2.5 2.8 1.2.1617 1.2.1618 1.2.1619 A1 2.5 2.7 1.2.1626 1.2.1627 1.2.1628 A1 3.0 3.1 1.2.1635 1.2.1636 1.2.1637 A1 2.5 2.7 1.2.1644 1.2.1512 3.2 1.2.1521 2.8 1.2.1530 2.3 1.2.1539 2.2 1.2.1548 2.3 1.2.1557 2.8 1.2.1566 2.8 1.2.1575 2.3 1.2.1584 1.8 1.2.1593 1.7 1.2.1602 2.3 1.2.1611 2.8 1.2.1620 2.8 1.2.1629 3.2 1.2.1638 2.8 1.2.1513 3.3 1.2.1522 3.0 1.2.1531 2.4 1.2.1540 2.3 1.2.1549 2.4 1.2.1558 2.8 1.2.1567 2.9 1.2.1576 2.3 1.2.1585 2.0 1.2.1594 2.0 1.2.1603 2.4 1.2.1612 3.0 1.2.1621 2.8 1.2.1630 3.3 1.2.1639 2.8 1.2.1514 3.5 1.2.1523 3.3 1.2.1532 2.5 1.2.1541 2.4 1.2.1550 2.5 1.2.1559 3.0 1.2.1568 3.0 1.2.1577 2.5 1.2.1586 2.4 1.2.1595 2.3 1.2.1604 2.6 1.2.1613 3.0 1.2.1622 3.0 1.2.1631 3.5 1.2.1640 3.0 1.2.1515 3.7 1.2.1524 3.4 1.2.1533 2.6 1.2.1542 2.5 1.2.1551 2.7 1.2.1560 3.2 1.2.1569 3.3 1.2.1578 2.6 1.2.1587 2.8 1.2.1596 2.5 1.2.1605 2.7 1.2.1614 3.3 1.2.1623 3.4 1.2.1632 3.7 1.2.1641 3.2 1.2.1516 3.8 1.2.1525 3.4 1.2.1534 2.8 1.2.1543 2.7 1.2.1552 2.9 1.2.1561 3.4 1.2.1570 3.4 1.2.1579 2.8 1.2.1588 3.0 1.2.1597 2.7 1.2.1606 2.9 1.2.1615 3.3 1.2.1624 3.5 1.2.1633 3.8 1.2.1642 3.4 1.2.1517 4.0 1.2.1526 3.5 1.2.1535 3.0 1.2.1544 3.0 1.2.1553 3.0 1.2.1562 3.5 1.2.1571 3.5 1.2.1580 3.0 1.2.1589 3.5 1.2.1598 3.0 1.2.1607 3.0 1.2.1616 3.5 1.2.1625 3.5 1.2.1634 4.0 1.2.1643 3.5 1.2.1645 (IDEA DEVELOPMENT CRITERIA) 1.2.1647 TOPIC NUMBER 1.2.1646 P 1.2.1649 1.2.1650 1.2.1651 1.2.1652 1.2.1653 1.2.1654 1.2.1655 1.2.1656 S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 1.2.1657 1.2.1658 1.2.1659 1.2.1660 1.2.1661 1.2.1662 1.2.1663 1.2.1664 1.2.1665 B1 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.5 1.2.1666 1.2.1667 1.2.1668 1.2.1669 1.2.1670 1.2.1671 1.2.1672 1.2.1673 1.2.1674 B2 2.0 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.4 2.5 1.2.1675 1.2.1676 1.2.1677 1.2.1678 1.2.1679 1.2.1680 1.2.1681 1.2.1682 1.2.1683 B3 3.0 2.8 3.0 3.1 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.0 1.2.1684 1.2.1685 1.2.1686 1.2.1687 1.2.1688 1.2.1689 1.2.1690 1.2.1691 1.2.1692 B4 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 1.2.1693 1.2.1694 1.2.1695 1.2.1696 1.2.1697 1.2.1698 1.2.1699 1.2.1700 1.2.1701 B5 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.5 1.2.1702 1.2.1703 1.2.1704 1.2.1705 1.2.1706 1.2.1707 1.2.1708 1.2.1709 1.2.1710 B6 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.2.1711 1.2.1712 1.2.1713 1.2.1714 1.2.1715 1.2.1716 1.2.1717 1.2.1718 1.2.1719 B7 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.1 3.0 1.2.1720 1.2.1721 1.2.1722 1.2.1723 1.2.1724 1.2.1725 1.2.1726 1.2.1727 1.2.1728 B8 2.5 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.5 1.2.1729 1.2.1730 1.2.1731 1.2.1732 1.2.1733 1.2.1734 1.2.1735 1.2.1736 1.2.1737 B9 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.2.1738 1.2.1739 1.2.1740 1.2.1741 1.2.1742 1.2.1743 1.2.1744 1.2.1745 1.2.1746 B1 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.2.1747 1.2.1748 1.2.1749 1.2.1750 1.2.1751 1.2.1752 1.2.1753 1.2.1754 1.2.1755 B11 2.0 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.5 1.2.1756 1.2.1757 1.2.1758 1.2.1759 1.2.1760 1.2.1761 1.2.1762 1.2.1763 1.2.1764 B1 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.2.1765 1.2.1766 1.2.1767 1.2.1768 1.2.1769 1.2.1770 1.2.1771 1.2.1772 1.2.1773 B1 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.0 2.5 2.3 2.8 3.0 1.2.1774 1.2.1775 1.2.1776 1.2.1777 1.2.1778 1.2.1779 1.2.1780 1.2.1781 1.2.1782 B1 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.5 2.7 3.0 3.3 3.0 1.2.1783 1.2.1784 1.2.1785 1.2.1786 1.2.1787 1.2.1788 1.2.1789 1.2.1790 1.2.1791 B1 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.5 1.2.1792 1.2.831 1.2.832 ...MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY TRAN THI THU HIEN USING MIND MAPS IN THE PRE -WRITING STAGE TO IMPROVE HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILLS Major: Teaching English to Speakers... Secondly, the mind mapping helps people to enter the information into their brains By using mind mapping, it is easy for people to put information into their memory Thirdly, the mind mapping helps... above-mentioned reasons, the author aims at conducting the study entitled ? ?Using mind maps in the pre -writing stage to improve high school students’ writing skills? ?? 1.2 Aims of the study 1.2.26 The purpose