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MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING VINH UNIVERSITY MI-BASED TEACHING AND ITS EFFECT ON EFL HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS’ AUTONOMY i ABSTRACT This study aims to look at the application of Multiple Intelligences (MI) Theory in teaching EFL to high school students in order to examine the relationship between MI-based teaching and EFL high school students’ English proficiency and learning autonomy An experiment was carried out among sixty high school students, who were divided into two groups (control and treatment) Both of the groups did a general English test and the pre-treatment autonomy test before the experiment and a general English test and post-treatment autonomy test after the experiment The tests were designed to assess the participants’ English proficiency and learning autonomy During the experiment, only the treatment group was taught with the MI-based approach The data indicated that the treatment group obtained better results in English proficiency and learning autonomy than the control group Based on the research findings, implications for English language teachers and students were also proposed ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Dr Tran Thi Ngoc Yen, who I believe is the most wonderful supervisor, for her valuable directions, precious orientation, warm stimulation, and continuous support throughout this project Her enthusiasm and positive attitudes were sparkling in such a way that it helped to make my research a serious yet fun task to fulfil I am grateful to Nguyen Thi Nga, an English teacher at Thanh Chuong high school in Thanh Chuong district, Nghe An province, for helping me teach MIbased lessons at her classes as well as gather the data for the research; and Phan Thi Hoa, for copying the documents, materials for my experiments quickly I would also like to thank the administrators, teachers, and students at Thanh Chuong high school in Thanh Chuong district, Nghe An province for their cooperation and support Finally, I would like to delicate this work to my parents and family, particularly my husband, all of whom have been always supporting me with love and sympathy ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE CONTENTS iii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF CHARTS vi CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aims of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Thesis design 1.6 Methodology CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 11 TABLE CONTENTS 2.1 Multiple Intelligences 2.1.1 Definitions 2.1.2 MI quizzes 2.1.3 MI in education 13 2.1.4 MI in teaching and learning English 15 2.2 Autonomy 18 2.2.1 Definitions 20 2.2.2 The role of autonomy in learning 22 2.2.3 Principles of autonomy 24 2.2.4 Accessing autonomy 27 2.2.5 Developing learner autonomy 28 2.3 MI and learner autonomy 35 CHAPTER METHODOLOGY 37 3.1 Research questions 37 3.2 Participants 37 3.3 Instruments 38 3.4 Procedures 40 CHAPTER FINDING AND DISCUSSION 43 iii 4.1 Results 43 4.1.1 Pre-test 43 4.1.2 Pre-treatment autonomy test 48 4.1.3 Post-test 52 4.1.4 Post-treatment autonomy test 57 4.2 Discussions 62 4.3 Summary 63 CHAPTER IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION 65 5.1 Conclusions 65 5.2 Implications 66 5.3 Limitations of the study 67 5.4 Suggestions for the study 67 REFERENCES 69 APPENDIX A 72 APPENDIX B 80 APPENDIX C 88 APPENDIX D 92 APPENDIX E 96 APPENDIX F 101 APPENDIX G 106 APPENDIX H 111 APPENDIX 112 APPENDIX J 113 APPENDIX K 114 APPENDIX L 115 APPENDIX M 116 iv Table 3.1 The list of lesson plans 40 Table 3.2 The lesson plan’s time division 41 Table 4.1 The control and experimental group’s score in the pre-test 44 Table 4.2 The average total scores and standard deviations for both groups 44 Table 4.3 The experimental and control group’s score in the pre-treatment autonomy 48 Table 4.4 The average total scores and standard deviations of the pre-treatment autonomy test for both groups 49 Table 4.5 The experimental and control group’s score in the post-test (See Appendix J) 113 Table 4.6 The average total scores and standard deviations of the post-test in the control group and experimental group 53 Table 4.7 Initial scores (IS), final scores (FS) and increases (I) in the pre-test and post-test of two groups 56 Table 4.8 The experimental and control group’s score in the post-treatment autonomy test (see appendix K) 114 Table 4.9 The average total scores and standard deviations of the posttreatment autonomy test in the control group and experimental group 51 Table 4.10 Initial scores (IS), final scores (FS) and increases (I) in the pretreatment autonomy test and post-treatment autonomy test of two groups 55 Chart 4.1 The percentage of different scores on the pre-test in the control group 45 Chart 4.2 The percentage of different scores on the pre-test in the treatment group 46 Chart 4.3 The mark distribution on the pre-test in both groups 47 Chart 4.4 The percentage ofdifferentscores on thepre-test in the control group 50 Chart 4.5 The percentage of different scores on the pre-test in the treatment group 51 Chart 4.6 The mark distribution on the pre-treatment autonomy test in both groups 52 iv C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Chart 4.7 The percentage LIST OFscores TABLES ofdifferent onthe post-test in the control group 54 Chart 4.8 The percentage of different scores on the post-test in the treatment group 54 Chart 4.9 The mark distribution on the post-test in both groups 55 Chart 4.10 The percentage of different scores on the post-treatment autonomy test in the control group 58 Chart 4.11 The percentage of different scores on the post-treatment autonomy test in the treatment group 59 Chart 4.12 The mark distribution on the post-treatment autonomy test in both groups 60 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn v C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 19 June 2007 1/ These handouts are invitations Hi, Dora! (letters of invitation) The 29th of June will be my birthday Will you come to my birthday party on the 29th of June, at pm at my home? 2/Expressions of invitation: -will Dea you come to my birthday party on the 29th of June, at pm at my house? - You are invited to join us for Ruben’s 16th birthday party! -introduce today’s lesson: about the a MI: spatial and interpersonal - letter of invitation work in groups to discuss about the expressions of III PRE- WRITING invitation Step 2: discussing about the expressions of - note down these invitation expressions into the - have students work in groups and list notebook expressions of invitation - write these expressions on the board - have students to note down on the notebook * some useful expressions - Let’s go out with me - Why don’t you go out with me? - Would you like to go out with me? MI: interpersonal, spatial and - Do you feel like going out with me? linguistic - How about going out with me? -observe the photos and Step 3: giving out some expressions of discuss with friends to find invitation from the given pictures out the suitable expressions - show students some pictures and ask ** some expressions them to make invitations from these Picture 1: pictures - would you like to play - write them on the board football with me this afternoon? - let’s play football this afternoon Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 107 ’ ’ ’ C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Picture 2: -do you feel like going to the cinema with me tonight? - would you like to go to the cinema with me tonight? Picture Picture 3: -let’s go swimming with me this afternoon - shall we go swimming with me tomorrow? Picture Picture 4: -how about having dinner with us tonight? - you feel like having dinner with us next Monday? Picture MI: intrapersonal and logical Key: c f a g h d e b Picture Step 4: Matching ( Task p.109) - have students match column A &B and Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 108 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an then write out these sentences into their notebook - guide students to use the above given structures Key: MI: interpersonal, linguistic 1/Let’s try the cake I have just made - work in pairs - find out the answers 2/ Why don’t you join us in this trip? 3/ Would you like to have a cold drink? 4/ Do you feel like taking a walk for a while? 5/ Can you sing us a Vietnamese song? 6/ How about going to the cinema tonight, Ba? 7/ Shall we have some chicken soup first? 8/ Are you free to play table tennis now ? IV WHILE- WRITING 10’ Step 5: Filling with suitable expression ( Task p 109) MI: intrapersonal, linguistic - get students to work in pairs and fill Model : the blank with suitable expression provided *Salutation: Dear/ Hi/ Hello in Task Mary (Susan ) *Opening sentence: How have you been 1/ Would you like/ Are you free recently? 2/ Would you like/ Are you free We haven’t seen for ages 3/ Why don’t you- Let’s *The reason of invitation: - I’ve been given two tickets Step 6: Write a letter of invitation from of movie at p.m tomorrow at 6’ the teacher’s given cards - ask students to write a letter of FOX cinema invitation ( includes following information : - I am going to organize the salutation, opening, the reason for inviting, time, birthday party about 5.30 place, the expressing of invitation and closing) next Tuesday at my house Key: * The expression invitation * Closing: - bye - see you at the party - best wishes/ regards - give me a call Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 109 of C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Picture Picture V POST- WRITING ’ - have students change letters to - give comments to other another student and correct one students - write the letter into the another - ask students to rewrite their own notebook letter into the notebook MI: intrapersonal, linguistic Step 7: pair- correction Step 8: implication - ask students to work in pair and MI: interpersonal -work in pair and answer answer following questions the Questions: 1/ How the letters of invitation play in your questions life? 2/ What occasions people usually write the letters of invitation? VI HOMEWORK MI: intrapersonal write a letter to your friend to invite -take note into the notebook him/ her to attend your birthday party next week Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 110 ’ C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX H The control and experimental group’s score in the pre-test P Control group P Treatment group A1 32 B1 36 A2 31 B2 34 A3 29 B3 34 A4 36 B4 38 A5 37 B5 36 A6 35 B6 34 A7 38 B7 36 A8 36 B8 37 A9 31 B9 37 A10 38 B10 29 A11 31 B11 38 A12 30 B12 34 A13 30 B13 32 A14 25 B14 32 A15 25 B15 33 A16 36 B16 32 A17 23 B17 33 A18 31 B18 36 A19 34 B19 34 A20 30 B20 33 A21 35 B21 30 A22 36 B22 32 A23 30 B23 30 A24 33 B24 33 A25 31 B25 36 A26 28 36 B26 31 B27 21 A27 111 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 112 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX APPENDIXI J The control and experimental group’s score in the pre-treatment autonomy test P Control group P Treatment group A1 149 B1 156 A2 158 B2 158 A3 170 B3 155 A4 147 B4 119 A5 173 B5 143 A6 169 B6 159 A7 170 B7 142 A8 B8 133 A9 180 143 B9 162 A10 173 B10 A11 156 B11 160 152 A12 163 B12 A13 146 B13 200 170 A14 159 B14 176 A15 146 B15 A16 168 B16 180 132 A17 118 B17 136 A18 B18 138 A19 120 142 B19 145 A20 161 B20 192 A21 B21 130 A22 162 150 B22 130 A23 170 B23 165 A24 180 B24 130 A25 B25 A26 182 149 B26 186 143 A27 151 B27 155 113 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an The control and experimental group’s score in the post-test P Control group P Treatment group A1 35 B1 39 A2 34 B2 38 A3 30 B3 35 A4 32 B4 38 A5 30 B5 38 A6 34 B6 37 A7 38 B7 38 A8 34 B8 39 A9 32 B9 38 A10 32 B10 32 A11 31 B11 39 A12 34 B12 34 A13 35 B13 29 A14 27 B14 39 A15 B15 39 A16 28 36 B16 37 A17 24 B17 39 A18 30 B18 39 A19 35 B19 37 A20 31 B20 39 A21 35 B21 39 A22 27 B22 29 A23 32 B23 37 A24 33 B24 38 A25 30 B25 37 A26 29 B26 38 A27 34 B27 29 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 114 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX J 115 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX K The control and experimental group’s score in the post-treatment autonomy test P Control group P Treatment group A1 150 B1 190 A2 167 B2 176 A3 170 B3 173 A4 157 B4 190 A5 170 B5 198 A6 172 B6 178 A7 176 B7 A8 B8 A9 182 150 168 198 B9 189 A10 160 B10 179 A11 160 B11 180 A12 166 148 B12 B13 210 190 B14 189 A15 160 150 B15 A16 176 B16 180 195 A17 130 B17 167 A18 130 B18 190 A19 148 B19 160 A20 170 B20 A21 170 B21 200 189 A22 159 B22 184 A23 180 B23 178 A24 B24 167 A25 181 179 B25 190 A26 160 B26 167 A27 160 B27 178 A13 A14 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 116 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX L Initial scores (IS), final scores (FS) and increases (I) in the pre-test andpost- test of two groups P IS FS I P IS FS I A22 36 27 -9 B13 32 29 -3 A5 37 30 -7 B22 32 29 -3 A10 38 32 B12 34 34 A4 36 32 -6 -4 B4 34 34 A8 36 34 -2 B11 38 39 A27 36 34 -2 B25 36 37 A6 36 35 -1 B3 34 35 A18 31 30 -1 B9 37 38 A25 31 30 -1 B5 36 38 A2 31 31 B7 36 38 A7 38 38 B1 36 39 A11 31 31 B10 29 32 A16 36 36 B18 36 39 A21 34 35 B19 34 37 A24 33 33 B6 34 37 A3 29 30 B8 37 39 A9 31 32 B2 34 38 A17 23 24 B16 32 37 A19 33 34 B24 33 38 A20 30 31 B15 33 39 A26 29 B17 33 39 A14 28 25 27 B20 33 39 A23 30 32 B14 32 39 A1 32 35 B23 30 37 A15 25 B26 31 38 A12 30 28 34 B27 29 A13 30 35 B21 21 30 39 32.11 31.81 -0.3 33.33 36.67 3.34 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 117 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX M Initial scores (IS), final scores (FS) and increases (I) in the pre-treatment autonomy test and post-treatment autonomy test of two groups 118 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an APPENDIX M P IS FS I P IS FS I A10 173 -13 B15 180 A5 173 160 170 -3 B25 A25 179 -3 B5 149 A1 182 149 186 143 180 190 149 B20 192 200 A3 170 170 B12 A8 182 182 B23 200 165 210 178 10 13 A24 181 B19 145 B2 158 A13 146 160 148 160 176 15 A14 181 159 B3 155 173 A15 146 148 B6 159 178 A12 163 B10 19 169 B13 160 170 179 A6 166 172 18 19 190 A11 156 B14 176 189 A7 170 160 176 20 23 B27 155 178 23 A9 143 149 B26 143 167 24 A19 142 148 B7 142 168 26 A16 168 176 B11 152 A21 162 158 170 B17 136 28 31 167 180 167 B1 156 190 34 170 B9 36 159 B24 162 130 198 A22 161 150 167 37 A27 151 B18 138 190 52 A4 147 160 157 10 B22 130 184 54 A18 130 10 B8 133 189 56 A23 120 170 180 10 B21 130 189 59 A26 149 11 B16 132 195 63 A17 118 157.7 160 130 12 4.4 B4 119 190 79 153.6 181.6 28 A2 A20 162.1 119 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn 18 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 11 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn
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