Đạo đức học thuật là một phần quan trọng trong hệ thống giáo dục tại Đài Loan. Các câu hỏi trong bộ tham khảo này nhằm đánh giá kiến thức và nhận thức của học sinh về nguyên tắc và chuẩn mực đạo đức trong nghiên cứu và học tập. Nội dung tập trung vào việc nhận biết sao chép, đạo văn, gian lận trong nghiên cứu, cũng như tầm quan trọng của việc trích dẫn nguồn gốc một cách chính xác. Đồng thời, câu hỏi cũng giúp học sinh nhận thức được trách nhiệm của mình trong việc bảo vệ quyền sở hữu trí tuệ và tôn trọng công sức nghiên cứu của người khác. Qua đó, mục tiêu chính của bộ tham khảo này là tạo ra một lực lượng lao động trí thức có đạo đức và tự trọng trong lĩnh vực học thuật và nghiên cứu.
Website: http://ethics.nctu.edu.tw/ Tạo tài khoản đăng nhập: Sử dụng email: mã sinh viên @cc.ncu.edu.tw Ví dụ: 104426611@cc.ncu.edu.tw Log in: mã số sinh viên Pass: số cuối mã sinh viên Which of the following statements regarding the ownership of research data and results is incorrect? (1)If the government authorizes the research unit to use information obtained through the public sector as a way to encourage more studies that involve the public interest, then the ownership of the data usually belongs to the government (2)According to the regulations of the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan, the ownership of the data and results of research projects that are sponsored by the Ministry of Science and Technology belong to the project leader (3)Prior to collecting the research data, the researchers must clarify the ownership of the data, as that may affect their right to publish the research results (4)The data and results of research that is funded by private companies may be retained by the corresponding companies to be used for commercial purposes in the future Reference Unit: 0116_An Overview of Research Data Management Which of the following statements regarding falsification/fabrication of information is incorrect? (1)Falsification includes forging non-existent information in research (2)Falsification includes forging non-existent results in the research to support the hypothesis (3)Falsification includes forging medical certification for leave, due to not wanting to go to school (4)It is close to the deadline for an assignment, and the student does not have time to complete the statistical analysis Therefore, he/she changes the date of a previously submitted report or the name of a report shared by a senior student and submits it as his/her own assignment This is falsification Reference Unit: 0117_Understanding Academic Integrity When authors obtain the copyright of their work in principle? (1)When the work is completed (2)When the registration of the work is completed (3)When the certificate of the work is obtained (4)When the work is publicly published Reference Unit: 0120_The Internet and Copyright Which of the following is not the purpose of managing conflict of interest in research projects? (1)To ensure the independence of scientific research (2)To ensure the well-being of the participants (subjects) (3)To ensure the security of the participants (subjects) (4)To ensure the profitability of the research project Reference Unit: 0201_Conflict of Interest in Research Who among the following did not commit “inappropriate naming”? (1)Xiao Yi: Naming a senior who did not contribute to her (Xiao Yi’s) research as the author just to help him with the credits required for graduation (2)Wu: Naming the senior who assisted in the operation of laboratory instruments as a co-author (3)Yu: Not naming the person who helped with the grammar editing of her (Yu’s) English thesis as a coauthor (4)Yi: Not naming the senior who proposed vital and meaningful inferences and interpretations of her (Yi’s) research results as author Reference Unit: 0202_Guidelines for Academic Ethics by the National Science and Technology Council Which of the following is not an academic ethics norm mandated by Taiwan’s Ministry of Science and Technology? (1)Statement on Academic Ethics by the Ministry of Science and Technology (2)Declaration on Academic Ethics by the Ministry of Science and Technology (3)The Ministry of Science and Technology Academic Ethics Assessment Guidelines for Case Studies (4)The Ministry of Science and Technology Academic Ethics Case Processing and Reviewing Guidelines Reference Unit: 0202_Guidelines for Academic Ethics by the National Science and Technology Council Which of the following is not a violation of academic ethics according to the Ministry of Education’s Principles for Handling Academic Ethics Incidents at the College Level and Above? (1)Paraphrasing and publishing the researcher’s own doctoral thesis, and noting the source (2)Using translated works without proper indication (3)Using a ghost writer (4)Using a large amount of the researcher’s own published works without using proper citations Reference Unit: 0103_Government Regulations and Policies in Research Ethics According to the style guide of the American Psychological Association, which of the following is the correct way to present the original responses of those interviewed? (1)If the number of words quoted is 45 words, it must be presented in a separate paragraph (2)If the number of quoted words is 20 words, it must be presented in a separate paragraph using quotation marks and a different font (3)If the number of quoted words is 100 words, the original text must be presented using quotation marks and a qualitative manuscript (4)If the number of quoted words is less than 10 words, quotation marks are not required Reference Unit: 0108_Academic Writing Skills: Quoting Which of the following is an appropriate method of presenting research data? (1)Researchers can delete data or information that does not support their research hypotheses (2)Researchers can adjust research images without explaining their reasons in the study (3)Even if a research paper has already been published, the researcher can keep the original research data for future research (4)Researchers can edit their own research data to a large degree without affecting the progress of related scientific research Reference Unit: 0105_Research Misconduct: Fabrication and Falsification 10 Which of the following statements about the application of the “Principle of Beneficence” in surveys and follow-up studies is incorrect? (1)The participants of surveys and follow-up studies usually not attain immediate benefits from their participation (2)To ensure that potential participants agree to participate, researchers should avoid mentioning “nonimmediate benefits” during the informed consent process (3)Before sharing results with participants, researchers should carefully consider whether the information has sufficient reference significance (4)The autonomy of participants should be respected to the greatest extent, even if the research benefits public health, such as in research on disease prevention Reference Unit: 1103_Ethical Issues in Surveys and Follow-up Studies 11 When collecting literature and data, one must be mindful of “authorization scope.” Which of the following statements about the authorization scope of a text is correct? (1)Before obtaining authorization from the author, only one paragraph of text can be reproduced (2)After obtaining authorization from the author, texts can be used without any restrictions or further consent from the author (3)The resources of a work cannot be arbitrarily sold, regardless of whether authorization has been obtained or not (4)If copyright infringements have been discovered after authorization has been given, the author cannot claim damages Reference Unit: 0702_Resource and Search of Literature 12 Which of the following contents are usually included when declaring conflicts of interest? A Source(s) of funding B Organization(s) providing assistance C Details on assistance received D Information on researcher (s) E Specific organizational rights (1)A, B, C, and D (2)A, B, and D (3)A, B, C, and E (4)A, B, and C Reference Unit: 0504_Disclosure and Disposition of Conflicts of Interest in Clinical Psychology Research: Case Studies 13 When explaining the research contents to preschool children, researchers should pay attention to different aspects of the children’s psychological status Which of the following are such aspects? (A) Perspective taking (B) Metacognition (C) Theory of mind (D) Social skills (E) Memory span (1)BCDE (2)ABDE (3)ABCE (4)ABCD Reference Unit: 0503_Ethical Issues in Psychological and Educational Research Involving Preschoolers 14 Which of the following statements regarding research involving infants or toddlers is incorrect? (1)In general, research involving infants and toddlers have a high attrition rate, and even if parents occasionally decide to suspend the experiment, researchers should give full respect (2)Researchers should fully communicate with the parents before the experiment, so that they can peacefully face the unexpected situation in which the experiment is temporarily suspended or fully terminated, due to the children’s status is not suitable for the study (3)When infants and toddlers are crying or uneasy during the experiment, researchers should try to continue as far as possible, so as not to make parents feel embarrassed about their children’s unable to complete the experiment (4)Researchers should agree with the goodwill of the parents to “participate in scientific research, understand the status of their children, and protect their children.” On the other hand, researchers should also look after the child’s mental health and promote the parent-child relationship Reference Unit: 0501_Ethical Issues in Psychological and Educational Research Involving Infants 15 Which of the following is false regarding minimal risks? (1)Risks refer to only the physiological risks sustained by participants of a research project but not include psychological risks (2)The severity of the damage and discomfort expected to occur in a research project should not exceed the severity of those occurring in daily living (3)The severity of the risks research participants are exposed to should not exceed the severity of those of nonparticipants (4)The risks of patients sustaining damage from a routine medical behavior should not exceed those of healthy individuals Reference Unit: 0307_Roles and Functions of Research Ethics Committee(IRB)(II) 16 Which of the following characteristics of scientific research is correct? (1)Research processes and results not need to be made public (2)Research results only need to be communicated, not need for dissemination and promotion (3)Follows scientific norms and has an evaluation system (4)Low degree of freedom and autonomy Reference Unit: 0207_The Scientist as a Responsible Member of Society 17 During research, if a researcher performed actions against research ethics, is this behavior necessarily illegal? (1)Yes, the standards of violations remain the same (2)No, behaviors violating research ethics are not necessarily illegal (3)Yes, the law states that those who violate research ethics must be dealt with in accordance with the law (4)No, only illegal actions would involve ethical issues Reference Unit: 0205_Case Study in Management of Research Data 18 If a researcher was influenced by any benefit, which people or organizations could it have direct negative impact on? a the researcher; b the research agency; c test participants; d citizens; e the subsidy agency (1)a c (2)a b (3)a b e (4)a b c d e Reference Unit: 0204_Case Study in Conflict of Interest Which of the following individuals cheated? (1)Lin was sick, so he was unable to participate in the in-class experiments However, he managed to get the experiment results from a friend and complete the report (2)Chen brought his books to an open-book exam (3)Wang referred to the information related to climate change on the Internet and completed his year-end report accordingly (4)Ye discussed the assignment with other members from her group before finishing the group assignment Reference Unit: 0118_Why Can Students Not Cheat? Xiao Shuo is currently writing a paper related to online teaching Which of the following options apply when quoting? (1)Wang (2006) believed that cultural exchange with foreigners on the Internet could provide students with more opportunities to learn about others and improve their attitudes toward different cultures (2)The teachers interviewed in this study expressed the following viewpoints: I think the Internet is convenient and can help minimize cultural differences between students of various nationalities This is a good thing I think more people will be using the Internet for learning in the future (Teacher 1) (3)In summary, the present researcher believed that the immediacy of the Internet and the resulting lack of borders can minimize the psychological distance and cultural differences between students of different nationalities (4)All of the above are a form of quoting Reference Unit: 0119_Research Misconduct and Academic Writing Skills A supervising professor urgently requested the results of an experiment A graduate student, Xiao Jiu, assisted the professor and conducted the experiment However, he discovered that the results of the three pieces of data were not yet available Nevertheless, in order to deliver the results as expected, he filled in the empty places with random numbers Which of the following best describes Xiao Jiu’s behavior? (1)This is an example of an incorrect data collection procedure (2)This is an example of the falsification/fabrication of research data (3)This is an example of plagiarism (4)This is an example of reused published research results or a reapplied research plan Reference Unit: 0119_Research Misconduct and Academic Writing Skills Within a reasonable scope, it is permitted to reproduce other authors’ works Which of the following situations least fit the scope of a reasonable definition of copyright information reproduction? (1)A journalist quoted a paragraph from an author’s article and indicated the source in the news report (2)Student A performed a show at the Fun Club, mimicking a pop singer’s performance (singing and dancing) (3)A teacher re-organized the questions extracted from the national exam database to use them in his/her tests (4)The most exciting scene of a movie is edited and uploaded onto a public platform to be shared by other users Reference Unit: 0120_The Internet and Copyright The reasonable use of other authors’ works is not considered a violation of economic rights Which of the following is used to determine “reasonable use”: A the purpose of use, B the quality of use, C the location of use, D the influence of use? (1)A B (2)A B D (3)A B C (4)A B C D Reference Unit: 0120_The Internet and Copyright Which of the following is not the purpose of managing conflict of interest in research projects? (1)To ensure the independence of scientific research (2)To ensure the well-being of the participants (subjects) (3)To ensure the security of the participants (subjects) (4)To ensure the profitability of the research project Reference Unit: 0201_Conflict of Interest in Research To avoid conflicts of interest among members of the research ethics committee, which of the following persons are least suitable to be assigned to participate in the review of the research project? (1)The supervisor/teacher of the applicant (2)Experts in research ethics (3)The director of a different department of the same research institute (4)Experts from the same research area Reference Unit: 0201_Conflict of Interest in Research Who among the following did not commit “inappropriate naming”? (1)Xiao Yi: Naming a senior who did not contribute to her (Xiao Yi’s) research as the author just to help him with the credits required for graduation (2)Wu: Naming the senior who assisted in the operation of laboratory instruments as a co-author (3)Yu: Not naming the person who helped with the grammar editing of her (Yu’s) English thesis as a coauthor (4)Yi: Not naming the senior who proposed vital and meaningful inferences and interpretations of her (Yi’s) research results as author Reference Unit: 0202_Guidelines for Academic Ethics by the National Science and Technology Council If the researcher’s data analysis results did not conform to his or her research hypothesis, what should the researcher do? (1)Replicate sample data to fit the research hypothesis (2)Alter the analysis data to fit the research hypothesis (3)Accept the research findings and report them honestly (4)Gather new sample data and destroy the original data Reference Unit: 0205_Case Study in Management of Research Data 10 The researcher is responsible for preserving the original experimental data From the perspective of practical application, what is the reason and significance for preserving original experimental data? (1)To meet the research ethics norms (2)To be produced for inspection or verification when needed (3)To ensure that the research funding was not misused (4)To allow for appraisal by the ethical review board Reference Unit: 0205_Case Study in Management of Research Data 11 If a researcher was influenced by any benefit, which people or organizations could it have direct negative impact on? a the researcher; b the research agency; c test participants; d citizens; e the subsidy agency (1)a c (2)a b (3)a b e (4)a b c d e Reference Unit: 0204_Case Study in Conflict of Interest 12 The researcher must have a correct perception of research funding to avoid misuse Which of the following is a proper perception toward the use of researching funds that a researcher should have? (1)The purpose of the research fund is to enable the research to proceed smoothly (2)Reporting research expenses must be one of the researcher’s fields of expertise (3)100% of the expenditure items must be taken into account in the application for research funding (4)Researchers cannot change the items of expenditure during the course of research Reference Unit: 0203_Appropriate Use of Research Funding 13 Budgeting research funds requires estimation of many aspects to avoid reporting fake expenses Which of the following are aspects that should be included in the estimation of research funds? a research equipment; b personnel expenses; c meals provided at the seminar; d the research assistant’s meal expenses; e research supplies (1)a b c e (2)a b (3)a b e (4)a b c d e Reference Unit: 0203_Appropriate Use of Research Funding 14 Chen, a PhD student, recently finished writing an academic paper and received an invitation for submission from a journal Being unfamiliar with the journal’s name and its publisher, he is worried that this is a trap set by a predatory journal If you are Chen, what actions should you take to verify the journal’s quality? A Confirm that the journal’s IF is actually published in the JCR B Check the Beall’s List website to check whether it has been listed as a predatory journal C Check the journal’s website for adequate publication information, including details on APCs D Check whether your peers or advising professor have heard of or read papers from the journal E Confirm the journal’s quality with the college librarians F Submit the paper first and decide whether to withdraw it later depending on the submission status (1)A and D (2)A, D, and E (3)A, B, D, and E (4)A, B, C, D, and E Reference Unit: 0702_Resource and Search of Literature Director A of a research institute led a research team in conducting cell growth research At the same time, he was supported by private company B He used the products of B in the experiment, and he embellished the effects of the products Researcher C of the team later discovered that the product did not perform as well as it was reported to and published these results Which of the following statements is correct? (1)The case describes the “Conflicts of Interests of the Research Ethics Committee.” (sai) (2)Director A asked the research team to embellish the research results for personal gain This is a systemic issue and has nothing to with personal conflicts of interest (3)Director A asked the research team to embellish the research results to ensure that they would have sufficient funds for the research, which means that this involves an institutional conflict of interest (4)To keep working, Researcher C cooperated in embellishing the research results, which constitutes an institutional conflict of interest Reference Unit: 0201_Conflict of Interest in Research According to the provisions of the Personal Information Protection Act, which method of obtaining personal data requires informing the parties about the source of the data? (1)An employee has engaged in dereliction of duty The boss obtains the contact information of the employee to understand the cause (sai) (2)A communications firm obtains the mobile numbers of members from an online shopping website (3)The reporter obtained the name of the wanted criminal from the police department (4)The program host obtains the list of participants from the research assistant to understand the distribution of participants Reference Unit: 0113_Basic Concepts of the Personal Information Protection Act Which of the following describes the proper way of using quotation marks when writing a thesis? (1)When writing a person’s name, use quotation marks to emphasize his/her research contributions (sai) (2)When referring to important ideas put forward by others, use quotation marks to present the text clearly; there is no need to mention the source (3)If more than 80 words are to be quoted, quotation marks must be added, and the cited text should be in its own paragraph If this is done, there is no need to indicate the source (4)If 33 words are to be quoted, quotation marks should be used to distinguish it from other text, and the source should be indicated Reference Unit: 0108_Academic Writing Skills: Quoting Which of the following is not an important aspect of conflict of interest management? (1)Protecting the rights and interests of participants (sai) (2)Protecting the integrity of research (3)Eliminating financial relationships from research (4)Assuring that major interests are not improperly affected by minority interests Reference Unit: 0201_Conflict of Interest in Research Which of the following statements on paraphrasing is incorrect? (1)The contents of the source data are re-expressed (2)Information from different articles is collated and merged (sai) (3)The text must be very different from the original after paraphrasing (4)The intended meaning of the original text is interpreted in your own words Reference Unit: 0109_Academic Writing Skills: Paraphrasing and Summarizing What is the difference between “Academic Ethics of Researchers” and “Key Points on Processing and Reviewing Academic Ethics Cases”? (1)The former is a code of conduct, and the latter is a hearing process (2)The former is the focus of the review, and the latter is the code of conduct (3)The former is the focus of the review, and the latter is an explanation of criminal liability (4)The former is a code of conduct, and the latter is an explanation of criminal liability Reference Unit: 0103_Government Regulations and Policies in Research Ethics Which of the following is not an example of research ethics violation? (1)Before citing the works of others, consent should be obtained and sources should be properly cited in the text (2)Rearranging a table used in another person’s thesis, and using the new table in the researcher’s own thesis without properly citing the source (3)Discussing the questionnaire content and personal privacy of participants with a third party who is not conducting related research (4)Intentionally deleting or overlooking some data so that the research results support the researcher’s hypotheses (sai) Reference Unit: 0101_Introduction to Research Ethics: Definition and Content Website: http://ethics.nctu.edu.tw/ Tạo tài khoản đăng nhập: Sử dụng email: mã sinh viên @cc.ncu.edu.tw Ví dụ: 104426611@cc.ncu.edu.tw Log in: mã số sinh viên Pass: số cuối mã sinh viên 15 học thi quiz sau học Sau hoàn thành xong 15 quiz làm exam Nội dung đáp án 15 quiz =>> Vì exam lặp lại câu hỏi quiz, số câu thay đổi từ đồng nghĩa thôi, đọc kỹ phát Unit 1: Introduction to Research Ethics: Definition and Content In the course of a research study, what is the most important core value? (3) Honesty What is the target of research ethics? (4) All of the above Which of the following is behavior that a researcher should have? (2) Present the research data honestly and accurately If a first-year student in a master's program of psychology wants to understand the research ethics that he/she should pay special attention to before undertaking research, where can he/she obtain the core specifications of the matter? (3) By looking through the websites of various professional psychology associations to obtain the latest ethical codes If a researcher ignores research ethics, what are the consequences that may arise? (4) All of the above Unit Professional Norms and Personal Responsibility in Research Ethics Which of the following does not belong to the professional norms of research ethics? (2)Regulations of research ethics legislated by the state From the beginning of academic writing through successful publication, which of the following is not responsible research conduct? (4)Using at least one table and one figure to summarize research results 3.Before beginning an experiment, which of the following norms of research ethics should the researcher comprehend to both fulfill his or her responsibilities and protect the rights of research subjects? (4)All of the above During the course of research, which of the following methods can best protect the rights and ensure the security of research subjects? (2)Implement the research in accordance with the principle of "informed consent," and carefully assess the risk the study may bring about In terms of research ethics, which of the following falls under personal responsibility? (4)All of the above Unit Government Regulations and Policies in Research Ethics 1.Medical institute A wanted to conduct a clinical trial for B (an adult with the capacity for consciousness) but failed to inform B of the related matters of the trial However, B has given his consent to the study Which principle of research ethics did A violate? (1) the principle of the obligation to inform and informed consent Medical institute A wanted to conduct a clinical trial for B (an adult with the capacity for consciousness) but failed to inform B about the related matters of the trial However, B has given his consent to the study Which law did A violate? (4) Medical Care Act Berry Huang engaged in research on AIDS and conducted an interview with Orchid Lee Lee demanded that Huang not disclose his illness However, when Berry Huang published the research findings, he leaked Orchid Lee's AIDS medical records Which principle of research ethics did Berry Huang violate? (3) The protection of privacy of the research subject Berry Huang engaged in research on AIDS and conducted an interview with Orchid Lee Lee demanded that Huang should not disclose his illness However, when Berry Huang published the research findings, he leaked Orchid Lee's AIDS medical record Which law did Berry Huang violate? (2) Personal Information Protection Act To study a special disease, medical institute A wants to conduct a clinical trial on B, who is sixteen years of age Who should provide written consent? (4) Both B and her legal representative Every research subject should be selected and treated equally What principle of research ethics is this? (3) Principle of fair treatment A researcher applies for a special research grant sponsored by MOST, and MOST requires that the researcher's conduct conform to research ethics Which of the following is a regulation of research ethics established by MOST? (2) Researcher's Academic Ethical Codes Unit 4_Research Misconduct: Definition and Types 1.According to the unit on "The Definition of Research Misconduct," which of the following is not research misconduct? (3) Refusing to submit research results for publication 2.Shelly listed her advisor as the co-author of her research paper and submitted it to an international journal The day before the day she submitted her paper, a senior lab mate asked Shelly to list her as an author because she had helped Shelly to revise the grammar in her paper Do you think Shelly should list her senior lab mate as an author? Why? (3) No Revising and proofreading grammar not constitute substantial contributions to Shelly's research paper 3.Regarding authorship, which of the following is commonly accepted by the academic community? (1) It depends on whose contributions are more significant 4.Shin designed an online questionnaire to gather data as quickly as possible so that he could graduate on time He used lottery drawing games as incentives and told the subjects that "Each individual has one chance to fill out the questionnaire each day The more times you fill out the questionnaire, the greater your chance of winning." In other words, the subject could fill out the questionnaire multiple times In this case, what type of research misconduct did Shin commit? (1) Inappropriate data collection 5.Joe's advisor asked for experimental results, but Joe had not finished the last three data collections To fulfill his advisor's request, Joe made up the last three entries of data with random numbers In this situation, what type of research misconduct did Joe commit? (2) Data falsification/fabrication 6.Guang needed to submit many final papers this semester To finish all of the papers before deadlines, Guang borrowed the previous papers of his senior classmates as samples However, due to limited time, he did not have the time to paraphrase, but he copied the exact texts from his senior classmates' papers as his own words In this situation, what type of research misconduct did Guang commit? (3) Plagiarism 7.The graduate institution where Guang studied required all graduate students to publish at least one journal paper before graduation However, Guang was too busy writing his thesis, so he did not have time to draft another manuscript for journal publication As a result, he went to an online platform that graduate students often visit, seeking help in hopes of finding another graduate student who would be willing to list them as the second author of that graduate student's journal paper In this situation, what type of research misconduct did Guang commit? (3) Inappropriate authorship 8.The graduate institution where Guang studied required all graduate students to publish at least one journal paper before graduation After composing a manuscript for journal submission, Guang found that the graduation deadline was approaching, and he was not sure whether his paper would be accepted before the deadline As a result, he submitted the same manuscript to three different journals to increase the likelihood of acceptance He also decided that, once the paper was accepted to any of the journals, he would withdraw the other two submissions In this situation, did Guang commit research misconduct? (4) Yes Although Guang would only choose one journal to publish his paper, submitting the same paper to different journals constitutes duplicate submission, which is a violation of research ethics Unit Research Misconduct: Fabrication and Falsification 1.Which of the following about fabrication is wrong? (3) Fabrication is the behavior of the researcher in changing a non-significant value to a significant one to support the hypothesis of the research 2.Which of the following about falsification is wrong? (4) Falsification is the behavior of the researcher in making up some values for analysis when he/she does not have enough time to run the statistics before the deadline of the conference 3.Most publishers and journals have related regulations on the processing of images Which of the following is the inappropriate manipulation of images? (2) Deliberately blurring the image so that the readers cannot see the details Which of the following principles can help researchers avoid the inappropriate research data process? (4) All of the above 5.Which of the following is the main reason for presenting the research results faithfully? (4) All of the above Unit 6_Research Misconduct: Plagiarism Which of the following academic conduct may constitute plagiarism? A Copy an entire section of someone else’s work without attribution B Tamper with the research data to meet the expectations of the outcome because the statistical result is not ideal C Paraphrase someone else’s work without acknowledging the source and represent it as original D Copy and paste different sections from different articles into one’s work without attributing to the source (2) ACD Which of the following is not a consequence of plagiarism? (3) The original author may appreciate your effort to copy his/her work Which of the following is not a way to avoid plagiarism in academic writing? (2) Avoid original writing and copy someone else’s work as much as possible Unit Research Misconduct: Self-Plagiarism 1.Which of the following is "not" a possible scenario of self-plagiarism? (3)Enhancing research results, figures, and tables 2.Shelly wants to submit an article she wrote based on her research results Which of the following is an effective method to avoid self-plagiarism? (4)Exclude the data used in the pilot study from the new article, and collect data for analysis separately 3.Which of the following is "not" a possible cause of self-plagiarism? (2)To ensure the quality of one's article and the accuracy of research results 4.As a member of academia, which of the following behaviors is an effective method to avoid self-plagiarism? (a)Avoiding duplicate publication with the same result (b)Incorporating new data into existing data and rewriting it as a new research article for submission (c)Avoiding reinterpretation of the same data for research submission (d)Taking advantage of methods such as quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing to deal with previously written text; moreover, sources should be clearly indicated (e)Using one's own published figures or charts in another paper without making any changes (1)(a) (c) (d) 5.Which of the following is a negative impact on individual researchers and the academic community engendered by self-plagiarism? (4)All of the above Unit Academic Writing Skill: Quoting Which of the following is an incorrect statement about the 'quoting' skill? (2)It is not necessary to list references or complete bibliographical information at the end of the text In academic writing, which of the following occasion(s) require quoting? (4)All of the above Scott is writing a thesis on the topic of online teaching Which of the following text samples from Scott's thesis demonstrate the correct use of the quoting skill? (2)A teacher interviewed in this study also expressed the same idea: I think the internet is very convenient It can help students of different nationalities to reduce their cultural differences, and this is a very good sign I think there will be more and more people using the internet to learn (Teacher 1) Unit Academic Writing Skill: Paraphrasing and Summarizing According to what you have learned about paraphrasing in this unit, which of the following statements is wrong? (3)The length of the paraphrase is quite different from the original text According to what you have learned about summarizing in this unit, which of the following statements is wrong? (2)The summary is longer than the original text and you will use more sentences to further explain the main ideas of the original source Shane is writing a paper on online teaching To avoid plagiarizing, he uses the methods of "paraphrasing" and "summarizing" to cite from the original source Which of the following items is "summarizing"? (1)Wang (2006) believes that students can have more opportunities to communicate with foreigners and to see the world by using the Internet In this way, students can also be more active in learning about different cultures Unit 10 Academic Writing Skill: Referencing Which of the following scenarios is not a legitimate use of copyrighted works? (4)Writing a book regarding how to acquire materials from the black market and reassemble them into a gun Which of the following use of copyrighted works is correct? (1)If the quotation has more than 40 English words, one should use a block quotation Which of the following descriptions regarding the fair use of copyrighted works is wrong? (3)As long as the portion used in the work is small, it is within a reasonable scope of fair use Which of the following descriptions regarding research ethics' regulations on the use of copyrighted works is wrong? (1)When writing papers, the content should be exactly from the author's own words and should not use others' theories, research or data Graduate student A maintains a log of every experiment to record the relevant info, such as his findings, things he should improve and his experiment results These records are used solely for his own reference instead of for public use One day, student A lent his experimental records to his lab mate, student B, and specifically told him that this log was solely for B's reference and should not be lent to or read by other people However, because student B has a habit of writing memos on his blog, he posted portions of A's records on his blog for future reference after reading them (Although the blog posts were made for public view, B's friends would be the blog's sole visitors).After reading the above scenario, which of the following descriptions is correct? (4)It was not fair use even if student B clearly indicated the source, and his use of the records was within a reasonable scope Unit 11_Academic Writing Skill: Definition and Principles of Authorship In the following scenarios, which is an appropriate authorship designation? (3)Hua is a doctoral student When publishing his thesis, he thought his advisor made substantial contributions to the research such as developing the research topic, assisting in conducting the research, and editing the research paper Therefore, Hua obtained his advisor's consent and designated him as a co-author Shelly is a graduate student Before graduation, she submitted an English manuscript of her Chinese thesis to a decent journal Now she is facing the problem of "who is qualified to be designated as an author?" If you were Shelly, who you think is most qualified to be designated as a co-author? (2)The graduate studies advisor, because he has provided many suggestions for the research, assisted in modifying the English-language journal manuscript, and enhanced the structure and logic of the manuscript to meet the journal's requirements According to the ICMJE definition, which of the following descriptions of research and thesis contributions not warrant an authorship designation? (4)Modifying the grammar and sentence structure of the thesis to make it more readable Which of the following is not something that a responsible thesis author should do? (1)Avoid responding to critiques from readers after the thesis is published What is the major consideration when defining authorship and author order? (4)All of the above Unit 12_Basic Concepts of Copyright In principle, at what time does the author acquire copyright? (2) The author attains copyright upon completion of the work Are oral and literary works for news reports that are intended strictly to "simply communicate facts" listed as works not protected by the Copyright Act? (1) Yes Are the moral and economic rights of a deceased author still protected by the Copyright Act? (4) His/her moral rights are permanently protected, but his/her economic rights have limited terms of protection 4.To determine whether "plagiarism" violates the Copyright Act, except in compliance with the conditions of fair use in Articles 44 to 65 of the Copyright Act, what criteria does the court also consider? (3) All of the above Are internet materials protected by the Copyright Act? (2) Internet materials, as long as they comply with the definition of works in the Copyright Act, are protected by the Copyright Act Unit 13Basic Concepts of the Personal Information Protection Act What objects are governed by the PIPA? (3)Non-government agencies, such as individuals Which of the following is not considered personal information in the PIPA Art Clause 1? (4)Exam ID No Which of the following personal information cannot be collected, processed or used according to the PIPA Art Clause 1? (2)Medical treatment According to the PIPA Art 3, what rights can be exercised by the Party with regard to his/her personal information? (4)All of the above According to the PIPA Art 19 Clause 1, other than specific purposes, which of the following conditions should non-government agencies comply with when collecting or processing personal information? (4)All of the above Unit 14 Basic Concepts of Privacy Regarding the description of the right to privacy, which one is correct? (4) All of the above Junior high school student Emily does not want others to know the content of the love letter Terry sent her, so she put it in the school drawer Discovering Emily's abnormal behaviors, the teacher found the love letter and attempted to understand Emily's social life Therefore, the teacher confiscated the love letter and read the content Has the teacher violated Emily's privacy? (2)The teacher has violated Emily's privacy John does not want others to know his fingerprint, sex life, medical record, etc Which of the above is a privacy protected by the law? (4)All of the above 4.Terry reported to government agency A that the oil Ding Xin corporation sells is adulterated Later, government agency A disclosed Terry's identity to reward his righteous behavior Has government agency A violated Terry's right to privacy? (3)Agency A has violated Terry's right to privacy 5.The stray dogs in Happy Community were abused to death Due to the cruelty of the abuser, the residents decided to find the abuser and started searching by watching surveillance camera footage They discovered that Ben is the animal abuser However, during the search, one of the residents, Garry, disclosed Ben's personal information, which was not meant to be publicized and was not information that could be obtained through normal sources Has Garry violated Ben's right to privacy of personal information? (1) Garry has violated Ben's right to privacy of information For research purposes, Sunny collected the remarks of netizens from a discussion board on BBS and directly quoted some text (without making any change) in his thesis Sunny did not cite the source of these texts (username, nickname), but the readers could easily connect the netizens and their corresponding comments if they searched for the texts Has Sunny violated the netizens' privacy? (2)Sunny did not violate the netizens' right to privacy, but he should be aware of the fair-use policies when citing information from the BBS and pay attention to the reasonable scope of use when using internet information According to the PIPA Art 20 Clause 1, which of the following conditions should be required for a non-government agency’s use of personal information? (1)Within the scope of the specific purpose of collection Unit 15 Principles and Practice of Human Subject Protection Which of the following is not a fundamental principle one must follow during research, as outlined by the Belmont Report? (2)Compliance with the law According to the Belmont Report, when signing "informed consent," which three criteria must be met? A Provide sufficient information on the research B Provide a reasonable reward C Subjects must be able to thoroughly comprehend the information D Subjects must sign the consent form under complete volition E Avoid conducting research using vulnerable persons as subjects (3)ACD Which of the following groups are often considered "vulnerable persons" in research that researchers must pledge to respect and protect? (4)All of the above According to the principle of beneficence of the Belmont Report, under which condition of risk and benefits should a researcher conduct research? (1)Minimized risk, maximized benefit Which of the following research action is executed in accordance with the principle of justice in the Belmont Report? (4)Carefully evaluate the risks and burdens in the research and strive to benefit subjects with the research results What kinds of behavior does the Personal Information Protection Act regulate: A use, B process, C collection, D translation, or E editing? (1)A and C (2)A, B, and C (3)B, D, and E (4)B, C, and E Reference Unit: 0113_Basic Concepts of the Personal Information Protection Act Which of the following methods is more inappropriate in quoting the arguments or work of others? (1)For quoted text within 40 words, single quotation marks should be placed before and after the text and sources should be correctly indicated (2)If some words in the quoted text are changed, such as “also” to “at the same time,” there is no need to indicate the source (3)The length of the quoted text should not exceed 500 words If it exceeds this length, the original author’s consent should be obtained first (4)If the quoted text is more than 40 words, it must be placed in a separate paragraph, and formatting adjustments and citations should be made in accordance with academic writing rules Reference Unit: 0106_Research Misconduct: Plagiarism What is the most significant difference between “paraphrasing” and “summarizing”? (1)Paraphrasing is only adding or removing a few words from the original text Summarizing requires the addition of subjective awareness (2)Paraphrasing results in a length similar to the original text while summarizing results in a shorter body of text (3)After paraphrasing, the length is shortened, and source text is simplified After summarizing, the length of the text is slightly longer than the original (4)All of the above Reference Unit: 0109_Academic Writing Skills: Paraphrasing and Summarizing Chen is preparing to conduct an animal experiment According to the 4R principles, which research codes should he pay attention to? (1)Substitution, reduction, refinement, and responsibility (2)Substitution, reduction, organization, and responsibility (3)Pragmatism, objectivity, responsibility, and courage (4)Truth, objectivity, responsibility, and beneficence (sai) Reference Unit: 0102_Professional Norms and Personal Responsibility in Research Ethics Alfred is currently writing a paper related to online teaching To avoid plagiarism, he uses both “paraphrasing” and “summarizing” to use sentences from the works of others To which of the following can the writing skill “summarizing” be applied? (1)Wang (2006) believes that learners use the Internet as a tool to conduct cultural exchanges with foreigners so that students can have more opportunities for contact with the rest of the world At the same time, the attitudes of the students toward different cultures will also become more favorable (2)The teachers interviewed in this study also expressed the idea that “the Internet is very convenient and can help students of different nationalities reduce cultural differences This is a very good phenomenon and more people will use the Internet for learning in the future.” (Teacher 1) (sai) (3)The above is an example of the writing skill “paraphrasing.” (4)The above is an example of the writing skill “summarizing.” Reference Unit: 0109_Academic Writing Skills: Paraphrasing and Summarizing From the perspective of research ethics, regarding data collection procedures, which of the following is not a required data collection procedure? (1)Researchers must use ethical procedures to collect, analyze, and save data (2)If the results of data analysis are not as expected, other statistical analysis methods can be used to remedy it, but the original data should never be tampered with (3)Researchers should choose different methods to protect the experimental subjects during the study according to different research subjects (sai) (4)At present, the academic community has requested that research plans in all fields pass the ethical review of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) before the study officially begins Reference Unit: 0104_Research Misconduct: Definition and Types Hsiao Mei is a doctoral student in medical engineering Her supervising professor asked her to assist three graduate students in the research for their theses Six months ago, one of the student’s experiments failed Therefore, he came to seek help from Hsiao Mei Hsiao Mei discovered that the failure was caused by the fact that the student did not calibrate an important experimental instrument properly Therefore, she spent some time and manually calibrated the instrument and prevented the problem from reoccurring Recently, the student not only passed the oral defense of his paper, but also modified the paper into a seminar essay to be published at a foreign seminar He wrote to ask Hsiao Mei’s permission to list her as the third author, apart from the supervising professor and himself, in gratitude for her assistance in the instrument calibration Should Hsiao Mei accept the offer, from the perspective of academic ethics? (1)She should, as long as she made contributions to the research; regardless of the content and scope of the contribution, she is qualified to be listed as co-author of the paper (sai) (2)She should, if all co-authors agree; they have the right to determine the authorship of the paper Therefore, since the master’s student believed that Hsiao Mei is qualified to be the author, she can be listed as a co-author if the supervising professor has no objection (3)She should not The master’s student does not have the right to determine the authorship of the paper, as his position in the academic community is not high enough Therefore, Hsiao Mei should reject the student’s offer and submit the proposal to the supervising professor to request his permission (4)She should not According to the norms of academic ethics, the author of a paper should make a substantial intellectual contribution to the research Hsiao Mei only helped with the calibration of the instrument rather than provide any substantial contribution; hence, she is not qualified to be listed as a coauthor The master’s student could include her contribution in the acknowledgment section Reference Unit: Which of the following statements on managing conflicts of interest is incorrect? (1)Researchers are obliged to avoid secondary interests having undue influence on primary interests (2)Researchers absolutely cannot accept funding from companies (3)IRB members should honestly disclose their relationship with the applicant (sai) (4)The Conflicts of Interest Commission has the authority to review the management of conflicts of interest in research Reference Unit: 0201_Conflict of Interest in Research “Miyazaki emphasizes ‘I am still very enthusiastic about animation and will continue to work until I die.’” Is the sentence within the quotation marks a correct quotation? (1)Yes, only those within the quotation marks are quotes (2)Yes, as long as it identifies who the respondent is, it is called a quotation (3)No, if single quotation marks are used in the text, and double quotation marks (“”) are added, the source must be indicated (4)No Because the quoted sentence does not have research value, it is not a correct quote (sai) Reference Unit: 0108_Academic Writing Skills: Quoting 10 The precondition for effective treatment of conflicts of interest is that the researcher must first recognize the secondary benefits that he or she may receive In the context of a conflict of interest, the principle for managing conflicts of interest should include which of the following: A disclosure, B consent, C review and authorization, D prohibition, or E protection? (1)A, B, C, D, and E (sai) (2)A, B, C, and D (3)A, C, and D (4)C, D, and E Reference Unit: 0201_Conflict of Interest in Research 11 Which basic principles of research ethics can be summarized from the Nuremberg Declaration, Declaration of Helsinki, and Belmont Report? (1)The principles of fair treatment, explicit communication of the obligations of the researchers, informed consent of the participants, and protection of the participants’ privacy (2)The principles of equality of opportunity, peaceful communication, rational negotiation, and confidentiality (3)The principles of efficiency, equal treatment, universality, and the precise definition of rights and obligations (4)The principles of confidentiality, protection of the privacy of researchers and participants, equal treatment, and efficiency (sai) Reference Unit: 0103_Government Regulations and Policies in Research Ethics