(Luận văn) empirical analysis of factors affecting work life balance among employees in viet nam banking

t to ng hi ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ep After two years study in International School of Business (ISB) with MBUS program and the w time of doing this thesis, I had great chances to work with professionals come from both n lo internal and oversea Those specialists had to equip me not only knowledge, skills and ad experience of economy and management, but also provide us valuable information of many y th aspects of social life ju yi Firstly, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude and deepest appreciation to all my pl professors, especially, my research supervisor, Dr Nguyễn Quỳnh Mai, for her support, al n ua suggesting, guidance during time of my dissertation n va Secondly, I also have got a very nice friendship who have interacted and helped me so much in ll fu studying and shared with me both joys and difficulties during the course, encouraged me so oi m much in doing this thesis I would like to send my appreciation to all of them Last but most important, I would like to send my deepest thank to my Dad, my Mom, my nh at brother and my special friend who always stand by my side to encourage and support my spirit z when I’m in the most difficulty z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th t to ng hi Abstract ep Purpose – This study aims to identify influence of family responsibility and work pressure on w work life balance of employees in banking sector, to find out the effects of male and female n lo employees on work life balance and analyze the different between male and female toward ad work life balance y th Design/methodology/approach – A quantitative analysis by survey was conducted involving ju yi 145 employees working in Vietnam banking sector Multiple regression analyses were pl performed to identify the impacts of family responsibility, working environment and work load al n ua on work life balance of employees in banking sector Moreover, a multiple regression analyses n va were also test to discover the control role of gender variable ll fu Findings – The results showed that two determinants which are working environment and oi m work load negatively influence employees’ work life balance Gender variable plays a control role in the relationship toward the impacts of family responsibility, working environment and nh at work load on work life balance Furthermore, male and female have different influence on z work life balance z k jm ht vb Keywords: Family responsibility, work pressure, work life balance, employee om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th t to ng hi Table of Contents ep ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Abstract w n LIST OF TABLES lo ad LIST OF FIGURE AND CHART y th 1.1 Background of the research ju 1.2 Research problem, research objective, and research questions yi pl 1.3 Scope of study ua al 1.4 Significance n 1.5 Structure of the thesis statements n va CHAPER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW & THEORITICAL MODEL 10 ll fu 2.1 Introduction 10 oi m 2.2 Work—life balance concepts: 10 2.3 Factors influence Work—life balance 12 nh at 2.3.1 Work life balance and family responsibilities: 12 z 2.3.2 Work life balance and work pressure: 13 z ht vb 2.3.3 Work life balance and gender 15 jm 2.3.4 The Vietnam banking context 16 k 2.4 Conclusion 16 gm CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 18 l.c 3.1 Introduction 18 om 3.2 Research design process: 18 an Lu 3.2.1 Measurement of variable: 19 3.2.2 Questionnaires design: 21 va n 3.2.3 Sample 22 th CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS 25 ey 3.3 Conclusion 24 t re 3.2.4 Data analysis 23 t to ng hi 4.1 Introduction: 25 ep 4.2 Sample description: 25 4.2.1 Final sample 25 w n 4.2.2 Demography Statistics: 25 lo ad 4.3 Refinement of measurement scale: 27 y th 4.3.1 Cronbach’s Alpha results of each measurement 27 ju 4.3.2 Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) 30 yi 4.4 Adjustment of hypotheses and research model 35 pl ua al 4.5 Hypotheses testing 36 n 4.5.1 Model 1: Regression analysis between dependent variable (WLB) with independent variables (FR; WE; WL) 36 va n 4.5.2 Model 2: Relationship between FR, WE, WL and WLB and moderating effect of gender 39 ll fu m oi 4.6 Testing assumptions of Multiple Regressions 45 at nh 4.7 Hypotheses result 45 4.8 Conclusion 47 z z CHAPTER 5: FINDING, LIMITATION AND FURTURE RESEARCH 48 vb jm ht 5.1 Introduction 48 5.2 Findings 48 k gm 5.3 Managerial implications and recommendation 49 l.c 5.4 Limitations and future research direction 52 om References 54 APPENDIX A 58 an Lu QUESTIONAIRE (English version) 58 va APPENDIX B 62 n BẢNG CÂU HỎI 62 th APPENDIX E 81 ey APPENDIX D 69 t re APPENDIX C 66 t to ng hi LIST OF TABLES ep Table 3.1 Measurement 20 Table 4.1 Demographic Statistics of the Respondents 26 w n Table 4.2 Reliability Statistics of Family responsibilities variable 29 lo ad Table 4.3 Reliability Statistics of Work pressure variable 30 y th Table 4.4 Reliability Statistics of Work life balance variable 31 ju yi Table 4.5 KMO and Barlett’s Test 32 pl Table 4.6 Rotated Component Matrix 35 al n ua Table 4.7 Model Summary 38 va Table 4.8 ANOVA 38 n Table 4.9 Regression analysis of Work life balance 39 fu ll Table 4.10 Model Summary and ANOVA of work life balance with moderating effect of m oi gender 40 nh Table 4.11 Regression analysis of work life balance with moderating effect of gender 42 at z Table 4.12 Regression analysis of gender variable – female only 44 z ht vb Table 4.13 Regression analysis of gender variable – male only 45 jm Table 5.14 Questionnaire for working environment pressure 51 k Table 5.15 Questionnaire for work load 53 om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th t to ng hi LIST OF FIGURE AND CHART ep Figure 2.1 Hypotheses Model 17 w Figure 3.1 Research design process 18 n lo ad Figure 4.1 New Hypotheses Model 36 y th ju Figure 4.2 Testing models 37 yi pl Chart 4.1 Impact of family responsibility on work-life balance of Male and Female 42 n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th t to ng hi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ep 1.1 Background of the research Each organization has its own asset which contains two main components – labor w n and capital Capital is so important to the achievement of the business, while labor is vital to it lo ad The labor does everything daily and the whole existing time of the organization The reality of y th working life today is that employees are frequently trying to manipulate their work and ju yi personal lives pl Two important points of adult life are family and work However, the role expectations al n ua of these two domains are not always compatible, creating conflicts between work and va family life (Netemeyer, Boles, and McMurrian, 1996) In recent years, research on balance n between the different role fields of work and family has dramatically increased fu ll To balance between the family responsibilities and work responsibilities has become a m oi challenge for the people in many professions Felstead, Jewson, Phizacklea and Walters (2002) nh defined the work life balance strategies as those strategies which enhance the independence of at z employees in coordinating with the work and non-work aspects of their lives Balancing the z ht vb demands of work and family roles has become a principal daily task form any employed adults, jm imparts result of changes in employee demographic characteristics and societal attitudes about k work and family (Zedeck,1992) gm The spirit of employees is so important which is absolutely necessary for the success of l.c each organization in any field, including business According to The international labor om organization, labor productivity of Singapore is 15 times the productivity of Viet Nam an Lu Therefore, in doing business today, beside the instability of financial sector, one of the biggest va problems for Vietnamese that have been discussed so much on media is productivity of n Vietnamese labor is low This problem is agreed by both Vietnamese government officials and th ey that Vietnamese labor is intelligent and has good skills, but the output is quite low compare to t re employees And many foreign managers who have worked with Vietnamese people also reveal t to ng hi labor of other neighbor countries, this problem could relate to the motivation aspect that ep requires reasonable answer and solutions Moreover, the fact is that not many managers in Vietnam consider carefully w n about factors that motivate their employees in doing works, encourage them to perform better lo ad Many companies in Viet Nam have policies to motivate their employees but almost of them ju y th only focus on working environment and policies related to compensations, training or promotion, not to help their employees dealing with the conflict between work and life yi pl responsibilities Therefore, improving work-life balance of employees is one of important al ua factors that must to be concerned when planning encourages policies which help strengthen the n human resource of Vietnamese companies va n Understand the importance of employees’ work life balance and implement reasonable fu ll policies are so important to each manager for the Vietnam banks and the whole Vietnamese m oi economic system in competing with foreigners In this study, work life balance will be nh investigated to find out the factors effect work life balance and the differences of gender at z toward work life balance z ht vb 1.2 Research problem, research objective, and research questions jm Research problem k How family responsibilities and work pressure effect on work-life balance of employees in l.c gm Vietnam banking? What are the differences of those impacts on gender? Research questions om  What is the factors effect work life balance of employees working in Viet Nam banks? va Research objective an Lu  How the gender factor influence on the work life balance? n The overall objective of this research is to identify the factors effect work life balance of th  Identify factors influence work life balance of employees banking sector ey toward work life balance Specific objectives in this research are as follows: t re employees working in Viet Nam banking sector and to find out the differences of gender t to ng hi  Investigate effects of moderators of gender on work life balance ep 1.3 Scope of study  This study will be mainly undertaken on the employees in Vietnam banking sector only w n which should be considered as a specific economy - developing economy with lo ad the speed of changing so fast, therefore the result of this research may not appreciate ju y th with other sector  The sample of surveying is quite small within Ho Chi Minh City which has the biggest yi pl banking business, so the result may not totally relevant to the whole country, etc ua al 1.4 Significance n Research results will measure the effects of the work life balance of employees Since va n then HR managers have plan to develop policies that based on gender and specific status of ll oi m 1.5 Structure of the thesis statements fu employees to enhance their performance nh The structure of this research report consists of five chapters Chapter introduces the at z overview of the research topic Chapter presents the theoretical basis of the concepts z ht vb involved, theoretical modeling with the proposed hypothesis Chapter presents the research jm methodology to test the scale and theoretical models offered Chapter presents the results of k the implementation of the testing and analysis of information and data from which to gm draw conclusions for the research hypotheses proposed in Chapter Chapter summarizes l.c the main results of the study, the contribution of management theory and practice and om also mentioned the limitations of research to guide subsequent studies an Lu n va ey t re th t to ng hi CHAPER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW & THEORITICAL MODEL ep 2.1 Introduction w There are number of investigates about work life balance that has demonstrated in many n lo studies worldwide Those include determinants effect from both internal and external of each ad y th organization, each individual employee, and from tangible or intangible Each determinant ju could have positive or negative effect on work life balance of employees with different levels yi that depend on each specific situation and each kind of organization This study only looks at pl ua al work life balance that have considering in previous studies to have a general knowledge about n their influence on employees, compare the difference impacts on gender and on groups of age, ll fu 2.2 Work—life balance concepts: n va from that find out hypothesizes to build a model for analyzing oi m This section will review previous studies about causes of work life balance to see how at nh they impacts together, and finding hypothesizes for analyzing The concepts ‘Work-life balance’ and ‘Work-life conflict’ have received much attention z z in academic literature (Hayman, 2005; Moore, 2007; Pocock, 2005) We not consider vb jm ht balance to be a work–family linking mechanism because it does not specify how conditions or experiences in one role are causally related to conditions or experiences in the other role k l.c gm (Edwards & Rothbard, 2000) Work-life balance refers to people having enough time to have balance in their job and om home life Karakas and Lee, (2004) explain work life balance issues as spending good time an Lu with family members, getting free time to be able to relax for passionate welfare and health of family members, having good communication and support from the associated colleagues, va n obtaining high quality child care and education; and being satisfied with the work load 10 th survey complained that they have to regularly work at home during the evenings which cause ey job dissatisfaction is related to work life balance He find out that over half of the academics t re According to the study of Kinman (2001), the strongest element of psychological distress and t to ng Frequencies hi ep [DataSet1] E:\MBUS\Thesis\SPSS\Data_NEW removed FR3.sav w So Statistics n Valid 145 lo N ad Missing y th Mean Median 92 1.00 ju yi Mode 133 pl Sum ua al So n Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent n va Frequency 36 24.8 2.1 145 100.0 Over Total 35.9 73.1 24.8 97.9 2.1 100.0 100.0 z 35.9 37.2 at 52 37.2 nh oi 37.2 m 54 ll fu Valid No z ht vb k jm FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=VTCV /STATISTICS=MEAN MEDIAN MODE SUM /ORDER=ANALYSIS [DataSet1] E:\MBUS\Thesis\SPSS\Data_NEW removed FR3.sav om l.c gm Frequencies an Lu Statistics VTCV Valid Median 1.00 Sum th Mode ey 1.63 t re Mean n Missing 145 va N 237 68 t to ng hi VTCV ep Frequency Valid Percent Cumulative Percent 87 60.0 60.0 60.0 Team Leader 31 21.4 21.4 81.4 Manager 21 14.5 14.5 95.9 Middle manager 3.4 3.4 99.3 Top manager 7 100.0 145 100.0 100.0 w Staff n lo ad Valid Percent ju y th yi Total pl n ua al n va APPENDIX D ll fu REGRESSION ANALYSIS m oi REGRESSION /MISSING LISTWISE /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS CI(95) R ANOVA COLLIN TOL CHANGE /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10) /NOORIGIN /DEPENDENT WLB /METHOD=ENTER FR WE WL /SCATTERPLOT=(*ZPRED ,*SDRESID) /RESIDUALS HISTOGRAM(ZRESID) NORMPROB(ZRESID) at nh z z k jm ht vb [DataSet1] E:\MBUS\Thesis\SPSS\Data_NEW after revised.sav om l.c gm Regression Model Variables Entered Removed Enter n WL, FR, WEb Method va Variables an Lu Variables Entered/Removeda t re a Dependent Variable: WLB ey b All requested variables entered th 69 t to ng hi Model Summaryb ep Model R R Adjusted R Std Error of the Square Square Estimate Change Statistics w n 722a 521 lo 511 R Square F Change Change 53615 521 df1 df2 Sig F Change 51.223 141 000 ad a Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE ju y th b Dependent Variable: WLB yi ANOVAa pl Model Sum of df Mean Square F Sig Regression 44.173 14.724 Residual 40.531 141 287 Total 84.704 n 000b 51.223 n va ua al Squares 144 fu ll a Dependent Variable: WLB m oi b Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE Unstandardized Standardized Sig z Coefficients 95.0% Collinearity Confidence Statistics vb Coefficients t z Model at nh Coefficientsa Std Beta FR -.045 045 WE -.460 WL -.256 000 4.865 5.757 -.061 -1.000 319 -.135 044 064 -.487 -7.198 000 -.587 -.334 054 -.331 -4.732 000 -.362 -.149 a Dependent Variable: WLB VIF 922 1.085 742 1.347 an Lu 23.534 om Bound l.c 226 Bound Tolerance gm 5.311 ) Upper k Error (Constant Lower jm B ht Interval for B 695 1.439 n va ey t re th 70 t to ng hi ep Collinearity Diagnosticsa Model Dimension Eigenvalue Condition Index Variance Proportions w (Constant) n ju y th ad lo FR WE WL 3.848 1.000 00 01 00 00 094 6.412 00 76 13 02 030 11.317 44 00 07 85 028 11.746 55 24 79 12 yi a Dependent Variable: WLB pl n ua al Charts n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th 71 t to ng hi ep w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey th 72 t re REGRESSION /MISSING LISTWISE /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS CI(95) R ANOVA COLLIN TOL CHANGE /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10) /NOORIGIN t to ng hi /DEPENDENT WLB /METHOD=ENTER FR WE WL /METHOD=ENTER Gioitinh FR WE WL /SCATTERPLOT=(*ZPRED ,*SDRESID) /RESIDUALS HISTOGRAM(ZRESID) NORMPROB(ZRESID) ep w n lo ad Regression y th [DataSet1] E:\MBUS\Thesis\SPSS\Data_NEW after revised.sav ju yi pl Removed WL, FR, WEb Enter n thinhb Enter ll fu Gioi Method va Variables Entered n Variables ua Model al Variables Entered/Removeda m a Dependent Variable: WLB oi b All requested variables entered at nh z R vb Model z Model Summaryc Adjusted R Std Error Change Statistics Square Square of the R Square F Estimate Change Change ht R df2 jm df1 Sig F Change k 521 511 53615 521 51.223 141 000 726b 526 513 53526 005 1.470 140 227 om l.c a Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE gm 722a b Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE, Gioi thinh an Lu c Dependent Variable: WLB n va ey t re th 73 t to ng hi ANOVAa ep Model Sum of F 44.173 14.724 Residual 40.531 141 287 Total 84.704 144 Regression 44.594 11.149 Residual 40.110 140 286 84.704 144 w n lo ad ju yi Total y th Mean Square Sig Squares Regression df 000b 38.913 000c pl a Dependent Variable: WLB 51.223 al ua b Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE n c Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE, Gioi thinh n va fu ll Coefficientsa ized Lower 045 WE -.460 WL Bound e 4.865 -.061 -1.000 319 -.135 064 -.487 -7.198 000 -.587 -.256 054 -.331 -4.732 000 (Constant) 5.237 233 22.443 FR -.011 053 -.015 WE -.434 067 WL -.256 Gioi thinh -.147 5.757 1.085 -.334 742 1.347 -.362 -.149 1.439 000 4.776 5.699 -.216 829 -.116 093 668 1.498 -.459 -6.457 000 -.567 -.301 668 1.497 054 -.331 -4.743 000 -.362 -.149 695 1.439 121 -.088 -1.213 227 -.387 093 636 1.572 k 922 gm 695 om an Lu ey t re a Dependent Variable: WLB 044 n 000 va 23.534 VIF l.c -.045 Toleranc jm FR Bound Upper ht 226 Statistics vb 5.311 Interval for B z Beta Error (Constant) Collinearity z nts Std 95.0% Confidence at Coefficie B Sig nh d Coefficients t oi Unstandardize Standard m Model th 74 t to ng hi ep w n Collinearity Diagnosticsa lo Dimension ad Model Variance Proportions FR WE WL 1.000 00 01 00 00 094 6.412 00 76 13 02 yi Gender 030 11.317 44 00 07 85 028 11.746 55 24 79 12 4.648 1.000 00 00 00 00 01 216 4.642 02 00 01 02 66 083 7.476 00 59 13 01 14 030 12.451 28 00 14 93 00 023 14.121 70 40 71 04 19 n ua n va ll fu oi m at nh a Dependent Variable: WLB al pl 2 3.848 ju Condition Index (Constant) y th Eigenvalue z Charts z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th 75 t to ng hi ep w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th 76 t to ng hi REGRESSION /MISSING LISTWISE /STATISTICS COEFF OUTS CI(95) R ANOVA COLLIN TOL CHANGE /CRITERIA=PIN(.05) POUT(.10) /NOORIGIN /DEPENDENT WLB /METHOD=ENTER FR WE WL /METHOD=ENTER Gioitinh FR WE WL /METHOD=ENTER FRGender WLGender WPGender /SCATTERPLOT=(*ZPRED ,*SDRESID) /RESIDUALS HISTOGRAM(ZRESID) NORMPROB(ZRESID) ep w n lo ad ju y th yi Regression pl [DataSet1] E:\MBUS\Thesis\SPSS\Data_NEW after revised.sav ua al n Variables Entered/Removeda Entered Removed oi Enter m Gioi Enter thinhb ll WL, FR, WEb Method fu Variables n Variables va Model FRGender, Enter at nh WLGender, z WPGenderb z vb a Dependent Variable: WLB jm ht b All requested variables entered R gm Model k Model Summaryd Std Error Change Statistics Square R Square of the R Square F Estimate Change Change df1 df2 Sig F Change om Adjusted l.c R 722a 521 511 53615 521 51.223 141 726b 526 513 53526 005 1.470 140 227 746c 557 534 52331 031 3.155 137 027 an Lu 000 va a Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE n th d Dependent Variable: WLB ey c Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE, Gioi thinh, WLGender, FRGender, WPGender t re b Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE, Gioi thinh 77 t to ng hi ep ANOVAa Model Sum of w Residual 40.531 141 287 Total 84.704 144 44.594 11.149 40.110 140 286 84.704 144 Regression 47.186 6.741 Residual 37.518 137 274 Total 84.704 144 lo 14.724 al n ad ju y th yi Residual pl Total n ua F 44.173 Regression Mean Square Sig Squares Regression df 000b 38.913 000c 24.615 000d n va a Dependent Variable: WLB 51.223 ll oi m c Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE, Gioi thinh fu b Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE d Predictors: (Constant), WL, FR, WE, Gioi thinh, WLGender, FRGender, WPGender at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th 78 t to ng hi ep w n Model Coefficientsa Standardiz d Coefficients lo Unstandardize t Sig ad 95.0% Collinearity ed Confidence Statistics Coefficient Interval for B y th s ju B Std Beta yi Error -.045 045 WE -.460 064 WL -.256 054 (Constant) 5.237 233 FR -.011 053 -.015 WE -.434 067 -.459 -6.457 WL -.256 054 -.331 Gioi thinh -.147 121 -.088 -1.213 (Constant) 4.281 431 FR 291 131 WE -.396 WL Upper Bound Bound Tolerance VIF n ua 000 4.865 5.757 -.061 -1.000 319 -.135 044 922 1.085 -.487 -7.198 000 -.587 -.334 742 1.347 -4.732 000 -.362 -.149 695 1.439 22.443 000 4.776 5.699 -.216 829 -.116 093 668 1.498 000 -.567 -.301 668 1.497 -4.743 000 -.362 -.149 695 1.439 -.387 093 636 1.572 3.429 5.133 551 104 9.608 -.137 169 5.931 -.010 223 4.483 2.294 029 34.428 va 23.534 m FR 226 al -.331 n ll fu 5.311 pl (Constant) Lower oi nh 227 391 2.219 028 131 -.418 -3.022 003 -.655 -.194 093 -.250 -2.080 039 -.377 Gioi thinh 1.197 555 720 2.159 033 100 FRGender -.354 143 -.786 -2.477 014 -.637 -.071 032 31.168 WLGender -.119 115 -.313 -1.038 301 -.346 108 035 28.220 WPGender -.035 153 -.072 -.227 821 -.336 267 032 31.373 z 000 l.c at 9.935 k jm ht vb gm om a Dependent Variable: WLB z 032 an Lu n va ey t re th 79 t to ng Charts hi ep w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va ll fu oi m at nh z z k jm ht vb om l.c gm an Lu n va ey t re th 80 t to ng hi ep w n lo ad ju y th yi pl n ua al n va fu ll APPENDIX E m oi PROCESS REGRESSION nh at Run MATRIX procedure: z z ***************** PROCESS Procedure for SPSS Release 2.13 *************** vb jm ht Written by Andrew F Hayes, Ph.D www.afhayes.com Documentation available in Hayes (2013) www.guilford.com/p/hayes3 k ************************************************************************** Model = Y = WLB X = FR M = Gender om l.c gm ************************************************************************** Outcome: WLB va n Model Summary R 4126 F 9.7974 df1 3.0000 df2 141.0000 p 0000 se 0789 t 36.8454 81 p 0000 LLCI 2.7508 ULCI 3.0627 th coeff 2.9068 ey MSE 4984 t re R-sq 1703 Model constant an Lu Sample size 145 t to ng -.9074 0869 -.5435 hi Gender FR int_1 ep 1962 0790 2027 -4.6254 1.1005 -2.6811 0000 2730 0082 -1.2952 -.0692 -.9443 -.5196 2430 -.1427 Interactions: w FR X n int_1 Gender lo ad ************************************************************************* y th Conditional effect of X on Y at values of the moderator(s): Gender Effect se t p LLCI -.6966 4655 1867 2.4930 0138 0964 3034 -.0780 0790 -.9883 3247 -.2341 ju ULCI 8346 0781 yi pl n ua al Values for quantitative moderators are the mean and plus/minus one SD from mean Values for dichotomous moderators are the two values of the moderator ************************************************************************** va n Data for visualizing conditional effect of X on Y Paste text below into a SPSS syntax window and execute to produce plot ll fu nh 3.0594 3.5388 4.0182 2.7118 2.6314 2.5511 at z z jm ht vb -.6966 -.6966 -.6966 3034 3034 3034 oi -1.0298 0000 1.0298 -1.0298 0000 1.0298 m DATA LIST FREE/FR Gender WLB BEGIN DATA k END DATA GRAPH/SCATTERPLOT=FR WITH WLB BY Gender gm ******************** ANALYSIS NOTES AND WARNINGS ************************* an Lu NOTE: The following variables were mean centered prior to analysis: FR Gender om l.c Level of confidence for all confidence intervals in output: 95.00 n va NOTE: All standard errors for continuous outcome models are based on the HC3 estimator t re END MATRIX - ey th 82