Soil properties of (dendrocalamus barbatus) forests in quan hoa district, thanh hoa province

AKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis was completed at the University of Forestry Vietnam in 2015.Be consented of the university, of forest resources and the environment management faculty, I perform thesis topic: “Soil properties of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forests in QuanHoa district, ThanhHoa province” In the process of implementation and completion of the thesis, thanks to the attention and enthusiastic help of administrators, boards of VFU, Silviculture department In addition, I also received enthusiastic help of the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development in ThanhHoa Province, Forest Branch in ThanhHoa, ThanhHoa Forestry Department, and government and local inQuanHoa district, ThanhHoa province has provided the necessary information, provided facilities for collecting the data in the field Thank for all those precious helping In particular, I would like to express deep gratitude and respect to A.Prof.Dr Pham Van Dien as a science instructor who spent a lot of time, effort and dedicated guidance with your comments valuable, help me accomplish this thesis I also express my thanks to Dr Bui ThiHuyen (Hong Duc University) who provided and together collected data for this thesis I would like to thank to the family, friends and colleagues have always encouraged me during the implementation of the thesis Sincerely thank! Hanoi, September 2015 Student: Do ThanhHai CONTENT I INTRODUCTION II STUDY SITE 2.1 Natural condition 2.1.1 Geographical location 2.1.2 Terrain 2.1.3 Climate - Hydrology 2.1.4 Geology and soil 2.1.5 Land and forest resources 2.2 Economic characteristics – society 2.2.1 Residential Features 2.2.2 Economic Characteristics 2.3 Reviews and overall assessment 2.3.1 Advantages and opportunities for intensive Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest 2.3.2 Difficulties and restrictions for Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest intensification III OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE OF THE STUDY 3.1 Objectives 3.2 Scope of the study IV METHODS 4.1 Methodology Research Issues 4.2 Specific research methods 10 4.2.1 Data collection 10 4.2.2 Methods of Data Processing 14 V RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 16 5.1 Characteristics of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest site conditions 16 5.1.1 Climate and topographic 16 5.1.2 Growth characteristics of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forests 18 5.2 Soil properties of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forests 22 5.3 The standard to classify site condition according to suitable level for planting Dendrocalamusbarbatus 24 VI CONCLUSIONS 30 VII REFERENCES APPENDIX LIST OF TABLE Table Distribution of plots according communes of QuanHoa district Appendix 03 11 Table 5.1 Some climate factors research areain years from 2013 to 2015 16 Table 5.2 The topographic characteristic of Dendrocalamus barbatus forest in Quan Hoa 17 Table 5.3 Area, distubution, cover of Dendrocalamus barbatus forests in Quan Hoa 19 Table 5.4 Density of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest in QuanHoa 20 Table 5.5 Growth quantities of Dendrocalamus barbatus forest 21 Table 5.6.The characteristics of soil to Dendrocalamus barbatus forest in Quan Hoa 22 Table 5.7 The standard of classified terrain condition according to suitable level for Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest 28 Table 5.8 Determining the appropriate levels for Dendrocalamus barbatus forest plots 29 LIST OF FIGURE Figure 4.1 The relationship between the content in intensive forest Figure 4.2 How to approach and solve the content of the thesis 10 Figure 5.1 Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest in Hoi Xuan commune, QuanHoa district 18 Figure 5.2 Scatter chart reflects the relationship of DBH, H with topographic factors and soil properties 26 ABSTRACT The study have been carrying out in the forests of 08 communes concentrate Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest and 01 town of QuanHoa district include: Town, XuanPhu, Hoi Xuan, Phu Nghiem, Nam Xuan, PhuXuan, Nam Dong, Nam Tien and ThanhXuan.I completed this research with practical observations, collect data and analyze soil samples, growth of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest These goals are completed include:(1)To research on forest characteristics of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest (climate, terrain, vegetation of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forests).(2)To research soil properties of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest.(3)To propose the standard to classify site condition according to suitable level for planting Dendrocalamusbarbatus Results showed: Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest in QuanHoa should be taken care to have larger average diameter, improving the economic value andfeatures of grown soil for planting Dendrocalamusbarbatus is acidity and nutrientpoor soil Results collected from the growth of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forests and soil properties, I wrote the correlated equation: Y = 38,689(Z/Sl)0,14502(R2 = 0,82, F = 90,4) Therefore, the work propose just only planting Dendrocalamusbarbatus in suitable high and medium terrain condition is S1 and S2 I INTRODUCTION Soil is an important component of the ecosystem It means so much to the ability of providing water, minerals, and nutrients for plants So it can affect the growth and development of plants Each type of soil will have a special kind of vegetation However, each type of vegetation would characterize for a specific soil Soil types vary by variety of indicators such as: color, physical properties, chemical Basic characteristics of soil fertility reflected: composition mechanical, soil structure, moisture, soil layer thickness, and chemical properties of the soil ThanhHoa province has many Dendrocalamusbarbatus forests According to data from the current state of forests and forest land in ThanhHoa province, 2013, the Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest area of ThanhHoa in 2012 is 70257.08 hectares, occupied for 39.9% of the province's forest plantations In addition to protection functions, the effect of bamboo forest are: supply trunk for the construction, paper materials, plywood, wicker materials, ; provide bamboo sprout for food; trunk charcoal used as activated charcoal; sawdust used for growing mushrooms Because of the diversity of products that are demanding to the market, source of revenue from Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest become more significantly with the livelihood of local people So Dendrocalamusbarbatuswas chosen as the main forest plants in ThanhHoa Province, the area of its forest is increasingly expanded Stemming from the idea that there should be further studies on the nature of forest land to see the effects of forest vegetation to the land of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest, to restore forest ecosystems and sustainable development in using land It also recommends approaches to improve soil quality, productivity and quality ofDendrocalamusbarbatus forest For that reason, Imade a decision to study on "Soil properties of DendrocalamusbarbatusDendrocalamusbarbatus forests in QuanHoa district, ThanhHoa province" The direction of the research is focused on some scientific base on divide the land suitable condition for plant Dendrocalamusbarbatus Because of limited time and budget, subject only perform at communes in QuanHoa district, where Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest areas are quite concentrated II STUDY SITE 2.1 Natural condition 2.1.1 Geographical location QuanHoa is mountainous, border, the center of ThanhHoa province is 137 km to the northwest, in the direction of 47 Highway and 15A Highway Geographical location: - From 200 16 '30 "to 200 19' 30" North latitude - Since 1400 44 '00 "to 105011' 30" East longitude Contiguous boundary: - The North bounded by Son La and HoaBinh -TheSouth bounded by Quan Son district - The Eastern borders by Ba Thuoc district - The West borders by MuongLat district and the Lao PDR - Having long border is over km In the district, there are 15A highway 520, 521 road run through connecting with Ba Thuoc district, MuongLat district, HoaBinh, Son La province and Laos, but the location is quite far from the district administrative center ThanhHoa province and major restrictions on economic exchanges - cultural - social with districts and neighboring provinces should remain a poor district 2.1.2 Terrain Complex terrain, stretching from northeast to northwest with the massive limestone mountains, craggy, have many side thunderstorm created many streams All streams flow into two major are Dendrocalamusbarbatus and Ma river Due to the natural conditions, mountain, river terrain divided into sub-regional produce have different characteristics: - Dendrocalamusbarbatus river zones: communes of Nam Xuan; Nam Tien; Nam Dong; ThienPhu; Hien Chung and HienKhiet - Ma River zones: comprised of communes of ThanhXuan; PhuXuan; Phu Le; Phu Son; PhuThanh; TrungThanh; Thanh Son and Trung Son - Center zones: Towns, 03 communes (XuanPhu, Phu Nghiem; Hoi Xuan) and the agencies and administrative units, is the center of economy, politics of the District QuanHoa district has complex terrain steep, rugged, dense river network Bound by the Ma River basin, river flows and small rivers form the sub-region so isolated, the whole district is divided into sub terrain QuanHoa has an area of steep hills on 200accounted for 50%; slope area from 15-200 accounted for more than 30%; slope area from 8-150 account for more than 13% and slope area smaller than 80 accounted for nearly 7% of the total natural area of the district 2.1.3 Climate - Hydrology 2.1.3.1 Climate QuanHoa district has tropical highland climate and weather features affected the North West region than the North Central and the old four zones; the annual average temperature between 22 - 230C Total rainfall ranged from 1.600 - 1.900mm Climate is divided into two distinct seasons: rainy and dry seasons Dry season: lowest humidity early occurs in January or December (down to 19-40%) Weather is very cold, ground water decreases, streams are dry Drought regularly occurs and lasts from November to April the following year Rainy season: hot weather, accompanied by winds dry pipe burning, affecting production and the risk of forest fires As districts with high rainfall regimes, the average annual rainfall from 1600 - 1760mm, unevenly distributed between the months of the year and between regions within the district; more rain and high rainfall concentrated from June to October, often Figure 5.2 Scatter chart reflects the relationship of DBH, H with topographic factors and soil properties Note: (Aligned horizontally and vertically will determine the degree of connection between two pairs of variables Continuation notation (…) shows that there is no connection between two pairs of variables; asterisks (**) show the correlation of statistical significance; the higher the correlation, the larger the font size) - The special and important point is figure 5.2 is clearly shown the relationship between of diameter(DBH) and total height (H) with the geological factor and soil according to order: the steep of surface soil (Sl) has coefficient correlation r is 0,70 and 0,71; the depth of 26 soil(SD) has coefficient correlation is 0,74 and 0,70; Porosity of soil (SP) has r is 0,64 and 0,68; the concentration of humus has (Mu) r is 0,55 and 0,49; the concentration of pHKCl has r is 0,54 and 0,53 This is the meaningful coefficient correlation in statistic, basic to establish the relationship between DBH and H with the main factor Thus, the terrain condition factors (steep of surface soil(Sl), the depth of layer soil(SD), porosity(SP), the concentration of humus(Mu) and the concentration of pHKCl It’s has strong impact to the development of diameter and the height of Dendrocalamusbarbatus To be useful to apply in reality, the thesis constructed the correlation equation to reflect the ability of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest production with Y variable- the dependent variable is the multiplication of DBH and H (Y = DBH.H); independent variable is Z/Sl (we have Z = SD.SP.Mu) The correlation equation is: Y = 38,689.(Z/Sl)0,14502 (R2 = 0,82, (4.1) F = 90,4) Basing on the classified standard of Dendrocalamusbarbatus commodity, we divided terrain condition forest of Dendrocalamusbarbatus into levels: - S1: including the combination of Z and Sl to get kind of Dendrocalamus barbatus1 or - S2: including the combination of Z and Sl to get kind - S3: including the combination of Z and Sl to get kinds and The standards include: - The standard of terrain condition S1: Y1 ≥ 55,03 - The standard of terrain condition S2: 41,02 < Y2< 55,03 - The standard of terrain condition S3: Y3 ≤ 41,02 27 Basing on the equation (5.1) and the standard of terrain condition above, we can determine the value of criteria combination Z corresponding to levels S1, S2, S3 is shown in table 5.7 Table 5.7 The standard of classified terrain condition according to suitable level for Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest Z Sl (level) S3 S2 S1 < 407,8 407,8 - 3094,2 ≥ 3094,2 10 < 815,6 815,6 - 6188,5 ≥ 6188,5 15 < 1223,5 1223,5 - 9282,8 ≥ 9282,8 20 < 1631,3 1631,3 - 12377,0 ≥ 12377,0 25 < 2039,1 2039,1 - 15471,3 ≥ 15471,3 30 < 2447,0 2447,0 - 18565,6 ≥ 18565,6 35 < 2854,8 2854,8 - 21659,8 ≥ 21659,8 To determine the terrain condition according to the suitable level for Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest, we need to do: Step 1: Investigating the terrain factors including: (i) the depth of soil layer (SD), (ii) porosity of soil (SP) for the layer - 30 cm, (iii) the concentration of humus (Mu) for the layer - 30 cm ; (iv) the steep of surface soil (Sl) Step2: Determining Z by equation Z = SD x SP x Mu Step3: Comparing Sl to Z with standard table “dividing the terrain condition into suitable level for Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest (table 5.4) to determine the suitable level for terrain condition for this specie for example: The steep of forest plot was 25, soil depth was 60 cm, soil porosity (calculated for floors 0-30 cm) was 55% and the concentration of humus (calculated for floors 0-30 cm) was 1.8 % Determining the extent of forest plot condition to Dendrocalamusbarbatus 28 We have: Z = 60 x 55 x 1.8 = 5940 Checking table 4.11, Z values ranged from 2039.1 to 15471.3 So, it stands under S2 (proper fit) Application these criteria, the work has determined the appropriate level with the terrain condition for 60 forest plots planting shown in table 5.4 Table 5.8 Determining the appropriate levels for Dendrocalamus barbatus forest plots Suitable level S1 Number of The name of standard plot plots 14 (23.34%) 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 25, 32, 35, 41, 46, 51, 52 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 18, 23, 24, 27, 30, 31, 33, S2 36 (60%) 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 S3 10 (16.66%) Total 60 (100%) 3, 9, 20, 22, 26, 28, 29, 37, 42, 53 Dendrocalamusbarbatustrees is a suitable specie for business, is accepted widely by local people The problem is making sure the forest business with high productivity and high quality, response exactly the standard of products when the market requires To well this request, the choosing soil to plant forest is very important and is the first step of intensive farming The thing also relates to the considering, choosing the different kinds of trees which has more advantages than Dendrocalamusbarbatus in terrain condition Therefore, the work propose just only planting Dendrocalamusbarbatus in suitable high and medium terrain condition is S1 and S2 This is the first thing in figure 5.1 29 VI CONCLUSIONS Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest in QuanHoa district, ThanhHoa province has an average density is 236 clusters / and 1856 trees / ha, plants / clusters, volatility with greater than 30% The average diameter is 7,79cm and average height is 11,18m We can see features of grown soil for planting Dendrocalamusbarbatus is acidity and nutrient-poor soil On the basis of the relationship between site conditions and growth of Dendrocalamus barbatus forest, I has developed correlation equations of the form: Y = 38.689 (Z / Sl) 0.14502 Where Y is the product between the diameter and height of trees Dendrocalamus barbatus Sl is the slope of the ground Z is the volume of soil depth, porosity and humus ground On that basis has built a dividing panel Standard conditions suitable sites for Dendrocalamus barbatus forest and verifiable standards on 60 sample plots division Accordingly, in S1 and S2 are suitable sites for growing Dendrocalamus barbatus Do not planting Dendrocalamus barbatus in the S3 Proposing some technical measures in intensive farming Dendrocalamus barbatus forest From the results obtained, the thesis proposes some intensive cultivation techniques in Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest in QuanHoa as follows With terrain condition to plant Dendrocalamusbarbatus - Should expand plantations on the following terrian conditions: + Place has slope is less than degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is greater than 3094.2 + Place has slope is 6-10 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is greater than 6188.5 30 + Place has slope from 11-15 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is greater than 9282.8 + Place has slope from 16-20 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is greater than 12 377 + Place has slope from 21-25 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is greater than 15472.3 +Place has slope from 26-30 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is greater than 18565.6 +Place has slope over 30 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is greater t ≥ 21659.8 - Don’t plant Dendrocalamusbarbatus in terrain condition: + Slope of place is less than degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is smaller than 407.8 + Slope of place is from 6-10 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is smaller than 815.6 + Slope of place is from 11-15 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is smaller than 1223.5 + Slope of place is from 16-20 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is smaller than 1631.3 + Slope of place is from 21-25 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is smaller than 2039.1 +Slope of place is from 26-30 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is smaller than 2447 + Slope of place is greater than 30 degrees, the multiplication of soil depth, soil porosity and soil humus is smaller than 2854.8 31 VII REFERENCES Alrasjid, H 2003 The efffects of nitrogen, phosphor, and potassium fertilizer to the clump growth and pulp quality of Bambusabambos at Turaya Log over forest area, South Sulawesi Bul Pen Hutan (619) P 13-36 Bernard Kigomo 2007 Guidelines for growing Bamboo Kenya Forestry Rearch Institute P 34 China National Bamboo Research Center, 2001 Cultivation & integrated utilization on Bamboo in China Dai Qihui 1998 Cultivation of Bamboo In Cultivation and Utilization on Bamboos The research Institute of Subtropical Forestry The Chinese Academy of Forestry P 3948 FAO (1994), Land evaluation for forestry, FAO 1984b, pp 123 Fu Maoyi, Xiao Jianghua, 1996 Cultivation & Utilization on Bamboos Gamble J.S., 1896 Bambusee of British India Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta Vol VII Goncalves.J.L.M et al (2004), Sustainability of Wood production in Eucalypt plantation of Brazil, Site Management and productivity in tropical plantation forests, Proceedings of workshop in Congo July 2001 and China February 2003 CIFOR Jha L.K and F Lalnunmawia 2004 Agroforestry with bamboo and ginger to rehabilitate rowth dares in North East India Journal of Bamboo and Rattan Vol Number 2/September, 2003 10 Julian Evans (1992), Plantation forestry in the tropical, Claredon Press Oxford, 11 Pandey (1983), Growth and yiel of plantation species in the tropics, Forest Research Davision, FAO, Rom 32 APPENDIX Appendix 01:Density, growth of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest in QuanHoa Sample Clusters Mean trees/ trees/ plots /ha cluster 240 12,3 2960 7,80 24,30 11,11 21,70 200 13,3 2660 7,64 19,93 11,30 15,67 280 8,8 2460 6,92 22,58 9,93 21,15 300 8,4 2520 6,88 21,17 9,90 21,99 260 11,1 2880 8,01 16,15 11,18 16,95 440 6,2 2720 8,45 17,14 11,99 16,09 200 13,4 2680 7,62 27,72 10,87 22,79 240 6,9 1660 7,16 21,81 10,18 21,88 520 5,2 2700 7,17 24,12 10,24 21,21 10 200 7,9 1580 6,86 22,12 9,89 21,09 11 200 18,6 3720 6,81 17,83 9,88 20,20 12 260 6,4 1660 7,97 14,51 11,49 14,27 13 180 9,3 1680 8,52 12,52 12,08 12,49 14 300 5,9 1780 6,99 18,72 10,60 12,50 15 320 10,1 3220 9,19 16,23 12,00 19,13 16 280 7,6 2140 23,50 11,43 20,16 17 220 10,5 2300 7,02 20,61 10,20 21,32 18 280 8,1 2260 8,72 25,65 11,46 23,74 19 320 8,2 2620 9,76 15,53 12,64 30,07 20 200 13,5 2700 7,27 22,99 11,57 20,34 21 260 12,2 3160 8,06 21,42 11,21 22,84 22 340 8,7 2960 6,93 21,18 9,70 25,85 23 280 8,8 2460 7,42 20,75 10,47 23,17 24 240 5,7 1360 6,88 13,08 10,37 8,64 25 280 7,7 2160 9,56 14,71 13,24 14,71 26 240 6,8 1620 6,57 18,83 9,83 13,34 27 240 6,3 1500 7,17 10,79 10,08 9,19 28 220 6,5 1420 6,73 10,65 10,28 7,70 33 D1.3 (cm) S% Hvn (m) S% 29 240 5,7 1360 6,44 13,37 10,11 9,65 30 160 9,1 1460 7,79 12,29 10,93 13,58 31 180 7,6 1360 8,80 9,19 12,26 11,06 32 180 5,8 1040 8,62 21,64 12,00 20,68 33 200 6,1 1220 8,77 10,29 12,51 12,78 34 160 10,5 1680 8,41 13,8 11,82 12,94 35 260 6,4 1660 7,03 8,8 11,52 8,09 36 220 6,8 1500 7,25 8,05 10,87 7,42 37 300 5,9 1780 6,45 18,32 9,81 14,35 38 260 5,8 1500 8,19 10,19 11,39 15,73 39 420 5,3 2240 6,83 18,15 10,02 16,11 40 160 7,6 1220 8,66 11,95 12,69 10,91 41 140 10,1 1420 9,22 12,26 12,87 11,37 42 200 6,6 1320 6,72 10,36 10,06 9,09 43 220 5,9 1300 7,33 10,96 10,88 10,10 44 180 8,1 1460 8,73 11,91 12,20 12,37 45 320 6,0 1920 6,99 13,17 10,17 14,40 46 140 10,0 1400 8,63 12,66 12,13 13,20 47 140 9,4 1320 7,94 13,81 11,45 13,10 48 160 11,5 1840 8,09 15,27 11,61 14,83 49 220 5,5 1200 8,55 10,32 11,97 9,73 50 200 6,1 1220 7,67 13,57 11,57 10,75 51 160 7,8 1240 8,62 11,29 12,06 10,62 52 180 8,1 1460 8,35 12,1 11,86 12,26 53 220 5,9 1300 6,7 17,98 10,14 16,51 54 260 6,4 1660 7,74 16,95 11,07 13,01 55 220 5,5 1200 7,59 19,83 11,13 14,28 56 160 7,8 1240 8,30 11,73 11,61 10,24 57 220 5,5 1200 7,59 19,83 10,96 17,30 58 180 7,7 1380 8,42 13,75 11,95 13,71 59 180 8,2 1480 8,53 11,92 12,10 10,83 60 160 7,8 1240 8,56 11,44 11,93 10,75 TB 236 1856 7,79 16,06 11,18 15,37 34 Appendix 02 Soil properties of Dendrocalamusbarbatus forest in QuanHoa Sam ple plots Dept of Slope Kind of (SL) soil Soil (cm) pHKCl (SD) decompose Total (%) Humus (mg/100g) (%) CEC HTP Component particles (%) meg/10 me/1 (Mu) N P2O5 K2O P2O5 K2O 0g 00g > 0,02 0,002 0,02 density < 0,002 bulk density P% 18 ACfa 58 4.71 1.55 0.12 0.06 1.01 0.9 6.5 10.4 14.8 20.65 56.48 22.87 2.44 1.3 46.81 20 ACfa 54 4.23 1.42 0.09 0.05 0,65 1.2 4.2 11.1 15.5 12.36 58.82 28.82 2.56 1.38 46.09 36 ACfa 25 4.39 1.66 0.06 0.05 1.33 0.8 11.3 8.7 7.4 30.25 48.3 21.45 2.49 1.4 43.78 35 ACfa 45 3.56 2.01 0.07 0.06 0.94 1.3 8.8 10.8 8.2 25.6 55.58 18.82 2.47 1.4 43.32 13 AChu 85 4.71 2.26 0.15 0.09 1.75 2.4 11 7.6 5.3 51.23 29.3 9.47 2.53 1.18 53.41 18 AChu 93 5.59 2.47 0.16 0.08 2.85 3.4 13.8 7.8 4.8 28.33 56.39 15.28 2.47 1.06 57.05 26 ACfa 68 5.64 2.38 0.18 0.08 1.92 3.1 9.9 13.5 4.1 27.17 53.46 19.37 2.52 1.25 50.48 ACfa 39 3.37 1.08 0.08 0.06 0.18 1.2 10.8 2.9 34.84 45.77 19.39 2.55 1.36 46.67 26 ACfa 38 3.85 1.09 0.11 0.05 2.65 1.04 5.8 9.0 3.5 30.16 48.15 21.69 2.34 1.34 42.74 10 38 AChu 79 4.92 2.33 0.17 0.13 1.1 2.7 12 29.7 8.4 22.5 45.39 32.11 2.56 1.16 54.67 11 26 ACfa 53 4.42 1.37 0.08 0.04 0.07 0.5 4.9 28.7 9.6 23.05 51.04 25.91 2.502 1.35 46.04 12 25 ACfa 60 5.02 2.36 0.18 0.08 1.13 2.1 9.9 13.5 4.1 27.17 53.46 19.37 2.52 1.35 46.43 13 18 AChu 96 4.41 1.86 0.15 0.06 1.42 0.8 11.3 8.7 7.4 32.25 46.3 21.45 2.51 1.15 54.18 14 ACfa 46 4.93 2.07 0.14 0.12 0.34 0.91 3.3 27.0 6.7 29.59 46 24.41 2.568 1.35 47.43 15 13 AChu 105 5.05 3.81 0.14 0.11 2.11 2.44 13 34.7 6.3 16.08 47 36.92 2.67 1.1 58.85 16 14 AChu 98 5.06 2.33 0.16 0.09 2.32 4.1 11.7 10.3 13.5 20.05 41.41 38.54 2.51 1.15 54.15 35 17 28 ACfa 61 3.97 1.91 0.12 0.04 0.8 0.5 6.3 9.8 14.2 16.06 50 33.94 2.54 1.3 48.82 18 16 AChu 78 5.86 1.09 0.09 0.03 1.01 0.4 5.7 8.2 13.5 34.57 38.99 26.44 2.513 1.23 51.05 19 14 AChu 85 5.33 3.34 0.22 0.08 1.22 1.5 13.7 7.3 6.3 27.78 45.82 26.4 2.518 1.2 52.34 20 29 ACfa 36 3.61 1.45 0.12 0.05 1.03 0.6 5.1 9.5 14.7 20.76 55.46 23.78 2.54 1.43 43.70 21 12 AChu 95 5.2 2.32 0.16 0.10 2.72 3.7 14 10.2 16.1 14 56.92 29.08 2.65 1.34 52.48 22 31 ACfa 37 4.1 1.02 0.05 0.05 0.5 0.9 3.5 9.7 8.5 19.09 58.35 22.56 2.56 1.38 46.09 23 31 ACfa 63 2.25 0.11 0.06 3.12 1.45 6.1 10.5 8.5 21 56.18 22.82 2.53 1.24 50.99 24 32 ACfa 43 4.51 1.65 0.12 0.04 0.15 1.2 5.9 7.8 7.0 41.73 47.53 10.74 2.57 1.46 43.19 25 11 AChu 110 5.12 2.12 0.16 0.12 1.85 4.3 13 7.8 5.2 31.18 52.59 16.23 2.65 1.25 52.83 26 37 ACfa 28 4.62 1.98 0.20 0.08 1.05 1.5 5.7 10.5 4.5 25.21 55.06 19.73 2.45 1.3 46.94 27 32 ACfa 35 4.5 2.12 0.13 0.11 1.15 1.1 7.7 11.1 3.3 32.74 47.57 19.69 2.37 1.3 45.15 28 32 ACfa 35 3.7 1.33 0.07 0.04 0.56 1.2 4.4 26.6 9.9 23.5 50.35 26.15 2.39 1.41 41.00 29 34 ACfa 23 4.53 1.17 0.05 0.05 0.12 6.3 26.8 7.3 24.58 48.5 26.92 2.54 1.47 42.13 30 27 ACfa 56 5.37 2.09 0.15 0.12 1.15 2.3 9.8 32.5 11.5 17.34 50.1 32.56 2.52 1.25 50.40 31 17 ACfa 53 4.72 1.81 0.15 0.05 1.32 1.4 7.6 11.1 14.5 21.38 47.71 30.91 2.56 1.25 51.17 32 14 AChu 89 5.28 2.53 0.15 0.09 1.78 2.2 11.2 9.5 13.5 32.28 39.28 28.44 2.39 1.1 53.97 33 15 AChu 65 5.07 1.65 0.13 0.06 1.15 0.7 7.5 10.1 13.3 27.45 42.05 30.5 2.48 1.25 49.60 34 18 AChu 76 5.6 2.5 0.15 0.16 2.55 3.6 14 11.2 15.2 22.69 47.5 29.81 2.51 1.07 57.37 35 AChu 72 2.12 0.15 0.10 2.65 2.8 11.8 8.5 14.5 18.14 50.22 31.64 2.59 1.2 53.67 36 31 ACfa 47 4.9 1.32 0.15 0.06 0.84 2.1 6.6 10.4 7.8 21.48 48.9 29.62 2.52 1.26 50.00 37 36 ACfa 27 4.2 1.3 0.08 0.05 0.67 0.8 6.8 8.6 9.4 19.85 50.45 29.7 2.47 1.43 42.11 36 38 22 ACfa 56 1.75 0.16 0.05 1.58 0.6 8.2 8.8 5.3 31.43 47.61 20.96 2.55 1.3 49.02 39 32 ACfa 42 4.5 1.55 0.09 0.07 0.35 1.1 5.9 11.3 5.2 29.99 50.16 19.85 2.53 1.4 44.66 40 15 ACfa 56 4.6 1.9 0.11 0.07 2.05 1.5 6.3 10.5 6.6 31.17 50.51 18.32 2.47 1.25 49.39 41 14 AChu 115 5.5 2.52 0.14 0.13 1.56 2.9 14.4 19.7 8.5 38.91 48.35 12.74 2.75 1.23 55.27 42 38 ACfa 32 3.5 1.5 0.07 0.06 0.32 6.6 19.5 8.4 21.4 56.1 22.5 2.51 1.42 43.43 43 36 AChu 74 5.3 2.17 0.15 0.11 2.49 3.5 13 24.7 8.5 19.52 56.83 23.65 2.45 1.21 50.61 44 13 AChu 78 4.8 2.1 0.13 0.07 1.29 1.3 8.2 11.9 14.5 19.52 58.83 21.65 2.46 1.29 47.56 45 26 ACfa 34 4.7 1.96 0.12 0.07 1.03 1.9 10.2 15.9 14.23 56.62 29.15 2.37 1.3 45.15 46 14 AChu 96 2.58 0.19 0.08 1.3 4.06 15 9.4 8.6 21.29 54.56 24.15 2.82 1.15 59.22 47 29 ACfa 48 3.65 1.56 0.11 0.06 0.5 0.7 6.3 9.3 8.5 22.74 46.75 30.51 2.63 1.46 44.49 48 24 ACfa 58 4.6 2.05 0.17 0.07 1.8 5.9 8.6 7.1 19.19 50.35 30.46 2.6 1.34 48.46 49 17 ACfa 62 5.5 2.2 0.13 0.06 0.78 1.1 6.8 10.3 5.5 20.37 49.81 29.82 2.6 1.37 47.31 50 27 AChu 71 5.3 2.15 0.16 0.09 2.3 2.6 12 9.0 4.5 21.49 50.54 27.97 2.5 1.25 50.00 51 AChu 89 4.6 2.35 0.11 0.08 1.35 1.95 7.3 10.5 6.6 31.17 50.51 18.32 2.47 1.15 53.44 52 19 84 5.5 2.95 0.20 0.07 3.02 3.5 13 10.5 8.5 21 56.18 22.82 2.63 1.2 54.37 53 35 ACfa 49 3.85 1.25 0.11 0.04 0.5 0.8 4.3 10.5 9.2 25.7 54.6 19.7 2.27 1.31 42.29 54 23 ACfa 53 4.32 1.36 0.09 0.08 0.93 1.1 4.65 13.3 4.6 24.17 55.46 20.37 2.49 1.39 44.18 55 36 ACfa 41 4.5 2.52 0.13 0.06 1.15 1.4 3.7 11.1 3.3 32.74 47.57 19.69 2.39 1.26 47.28 56 17 AChu 72 4.86 2.29 0.19 0.10 2.21 3.4 11 8.2 13.5 34.57 38.99 26.44 2.51 1.23 51.05 57 28 56 5.03 2.22 0.16 0.11 2.66 2.2 10 11.1 15.5 12.36 58.82 28.82 2.50 1.3 48.02 58 20 68 4.27 1.65 0.10 0.07 1.25 0.9 8.5 10.1 13.3 27.45 42.05 30.5 2.48 1.2 51.61 AChu ACfa AChu 37 59 16 ACfa 52 4.68 2.1 0.14 0.09 1.29 1.4 8.7 11.9 14.5 19.52 58.83 21.65 2.46 1.19 51.63 60 16 ACfa 46 4.82 1.92 0.13 0.05 1.22 1.4 9.6 11.1 14.5 21.38 47.71 30.91 2.56 1.25 51.17 38 Appendix 03: Coordinate positions of 60 sample plots (Coordinate system VN2000 projection zone 30) Sample communes X Y XuânPhú 514,860 2,252,548 XuânPhú 514,543 XuânPhú Sample Communes X Y 31 Nam Tiến 496,043 2,256,973 2,252,811 32 Nam Tiến 495,026 2,257,531 514,030 2,252,749 33 Nam Tiến 495,585 2,257,503 XuânPhú 513,955 2,252,700 34 ThanhXuân 494,111 2,254,040 XuânPhú 512,988 2,253,158 35 ThanhXuân 493,588 2,254,181 XuânPhú 512,969 2,253,003 36 ThanhXuân 492,889 2,253,978 PhúNghiêm 514,671 2,253,656 37 ThanhXuân 493,138 2,255,013 PhúNghiêm 515,648 2,256,062 38 ThanhXuân 491,844 2,253,844 PhúNghiêm 515,677 2,255,503 39 ThanhXuân 491,472 2,253,990 10 Nam Xuân 503,904 2,253,613 40 ThanhXuân 491,625 2,252,916 11 Nam Xuân 503,797 2,253,264 41 ThanhXuân 489,011 2,250,167 12 Nam Xuân 503,319 2,253,411 42 ThanhXuân 488,983 2,249,667 13 Nam Xuân 502,422 2,252,825 43 Nam Động 504,535 2,262,483 14 Nam Xuân 502,286 2,253,101 44 Nam Động 504,491 2,262,752 15 Nam Xuân 502,106 2,252,711 45 Nam Động 503,827 2,262,463 16 Nam Xuân 506,220 2,255,613 46 Nam Động 503,540 2,263,072 17 Nam Xuân 506,317 2,254,924 47 Nam Động 503,964 2,263,042 18 Nam Xuân 506,346 2,255,356 48 Nam Động 503,811 2,262,838 19 HồiXuân 509,447 2,257,078 49 Nam Động 502,875 2,263,792 20 HồiXuân 509,220 2,256,756 50 Nam Động 502,966 2,264,313 21 HồiXuân 510,116 2,256,042 51 Nam Động 503,219 2,263,973 22 HồiXuân 509,926 2,255,935 52 PhúXuân 502,659 2,268,058 23 HồiXuân 508,032 2,256,189 53 PhúXuân 502,030 2,268,244 24 HồiXuân 508,168 2,256,372 54 PhúXuân 502,369 2,268,076 25 Nam Tiến 498,796 2,254,373 55 PhúXuân 505,261 2,266,540 26 Nam Tiến 498,958 2,254,905 56 PhúXuân 503,777 2,266,143 27 Nam Tiến 498,544 2,255,101 57 PhúXuân 504,607 2,266,383 28 Nam Tiến 496,046 2,255,678 58 Thịtrấn 512,334 2,253,917 29 Nam Tiến 495,727 2,255,934 59 Thịtrấn 512,244 2,253,751 30 Nam Tiến 496,005 2,256,005 60 Thịtrấn 512,366 2,253,502 plots plots 39 40