Assessment on the actual situation and some silviculture practices for experimental forest of luot mountain in xuan mai chuong my ha noi

MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT VIETNAM FORESTRY UNIVERSITY STUDENT THESIS ASSESSMENT ON THE ACTUAL SITUATION AND SOME SILVICULTURE PRACTICES FOR EXPERIMENTAL FOREST OF LUOT MOUNTAIN IN XUANMAI-CHUONGMY-HANOI Major: Advanced Curriculum in Natural Resources Management Code: D850101 Faculty: Forest Resources and Environmental Management Student: VU TUAN ANH Student ID:1053090896 Class: K55 Natural Resources Management Course: 2010 – 2014 Advanced Education Program Developed in Collaboration with Colorado State University, USA Supervisor: Dr Le Xuan Truong Hanoi, October 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With the agreement and of the department of silviculture and Dr Truong Le Xuan, I have carried out a research on the projects: “Assessment on the actual situation and some silviculture practices for experimental forest of Luot Mountain at Vietnam Forestry University in XuanMai, ChuongMy HaNoi” In the process of implementing topics, I have received the guidance and help of teacher: Le Xuan Truong of the officials at Viet Nam Forestry University and professor Lee Macdonald in Colorado State University To have completed this topic, I would like to express our sincere gratitude for that valuable help Despite great efforts by the energy and time are limited to topics inevitable shortcomings So the spirit realms and learn the requirements, I respectfully request that we receive feedback from teachers and friends to more topics complete I would like to thank you! ABTRACT This thesis to investigate in depth the situation of some indigenous species growth understory timber tree, then it give some solutions for resolving the existing problems First, it was conducted to the zone areas with favorable conditions for research and investigation, it must have characteristic condition and consistent with the objective of this thesis Then, it will set up the standard plot and the sub-plot to measure the index of the species in that areas It can calculate statistical averages and compare them with each other The figures indicate that there are important issues of ecology needs to be resolve, such as the competition about light, nutrients between indigenous species and timber tree The regeneration of timber tree are also additional in this thesis Because it found that the problem needs to be resolved, the thesis provides some silviculture practices to help the timber tree have the space and good conditions for growth, and remove the bad individual and the unnecessary canopy of indigenous species, as same as help to regenerate the timber tree The implementation of these measures will to increase the growth potential of experimental forests, reduce the time to harvest, increased crop yields in the region, creating a basis for developing forest sustainability and effectively TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1.1 Goals: ……………………………………………………………………………… 1.2 Specific objectives: CHAPTER II: METHODS 1.1 Desk research: 1.2 Field works 1.2.1 Set up standard plots method 1.2.2 Data collection 1.2.3 Data processing method CHAPTER III: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 11 RESULT 11 1.1 The actual situation of timber trees 11 1.2 The actual situation of indigenous species 14 1.3 The situation of other species on research areas 17 1.4 The situation of shrubs and vegetation on research areas 19 1.5 The comments about the condition and competitive relationships among species in the research areas 20 DISCUSSION 22 CHAPTER IV: CONCLUSIONS 24 REFERENCES APPENDIX INTRODUCTION The research results on many countries in the world are shown that monoculture plantations forest has exposed many weaknesses So, scientists around the world were interested in building models mixed species plantations forest to sustainable direction, especially in the period of global climate change today The feature of mixed species forest is more structured canopy So, re1search to create the mixed species forest have many layers were number of scientists around the world interested When researching the canopy structure of the mixed species forest, the scientist was shown that the canopy structure of mixed species plantations depends on the growth characteristics and properties of populations of species in the forest All of things are shown that if we want to create models of mixed species plantations forest have a reasonable structure, taking full advantage of the space nutrition should be based on ecological characteristics as well as pay attention to the interrelationships among tree species to choose the appropriate species When studies of mixed species plantations, the authors agree that the layout of the tree species in the models of the mixed species plantations forest also have a clear influence on the growth of them and it depends on the characteristics of each species and distance among individual species This is the basis of the decision is important to the success or failure of the mixed species plantations models Through these research are shown that indigenous species were more interested and authors were selected for planting, the planting method may be planted in bands or clusters to take advantage of space nutrition, research influence each other when mixed plantation forest However, these studies did not address the effects of the canopy cover of tree high layers on the growth of other plants growing under the canopy Therefore, the research of the influence of canopy cover on the growth of native trees and understory planting methods planting some indigenous species are needed, particularly for indigenous species in Vietnam In Vietnam, the issues of planting mixed forests have been interested by scientists very early In the period 1930-1980, there are few studies on mixed species plantations and the selected plant species researchers also focused some of Dipterocarpaceae Since 1985, the research about planting mixed forest by indigenous species to be deployed even more than the number of tree species and plantation areas During this period many indigenous broadleaf tree species were selected to study the ecological zones in the country The indigenous broadleaf tree species was selected for study mixed species plantations are mostly species have high economic value Some indigenous plants was selected for the Central Highland and the South of Vietnam are: Afzelia xylocarpa, Dalbergia oliveri, Xylia xylocarpa, Tectona grandis mainly at the experimental station of Trang Bom, Dong Nai province, Lang Mang and Linh Lanh in Lam Dong province, Ekmat in Dak Lak province, Tan Tao in Ho Chi Minh City In the north of Vietnam, the main tree species selected for planting mixed species forest are: Erythrophleum fordii, Peltophorum tonkinnensis, Mechelia mediocris, Cinamomum ilcidioides, Manglietia conifera , Styrax tonkinensis, Chukrasia tabularis, Ormosia balansae, Prunus arborea, Endospermum chinense Nowadays, there are many objects of the same old plantation monoculture forest in our country has been transformed into the mixed different age forest, they will have structure more stable and sustainable through the addition of some plants purpose planted according to the different times The experimental forest of Luot Mountain of Vietnam Forestry University has an areas of 130ha Before 1985, the entire areas are planted forests and barren hills, the vegetation composition mainly are some species of Myrtacese, Poaceae and small bushes Wind, sunny climate, degraded land with characteristics common ground is dry, acid, substance, and rocky, soils with sesquioxides Since 1985 - 1986, forestry universities have conducted afforestation of barren hills covered by green plants pioneers such as Pine, Acacia, Eucalyptus…Since 1993, the Research Experimental Forests Center of Vietnam Forestry University conducted planted some indigenous tree species in this area The period 1995 1996, the center continued deployment planting of indigenous species have been collected from other provinces under the canopy of Pine and Acacia auriculiformis and then proceed with additional plantings in the period 1996-2002 The experimental of plantations mixed forest are planted in clusters in Vietnam Forest University (Pham Xuan Hoan, 2004), have used 165 indigenous trees planted under the canopy of Pinus massoniana, Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis , which under the canopy of Pinus massoniana are 27 species, under the canopy of Acacia auriculifomis are 21 species, the rest planted under the canopy of mixed forest of Pinus massoniana with Acacia auriculiformis, Pinus massoniana with Acacia mangium, Eucalyptus The survival rate of the indigenous species under canopy of Pinus massoniana was assessed about 93.2% and understory of Acacia auriculifomis about 91.2% Regular growth and average growth of indigenous species have differentiation really clear Especially, there are some species often rated as slow growth: Cinamomum iners, Erythrophleum fordii to growth well under the canopy of Pinus and Acacia In recent years, the Pinus and Acacia forest has well growth Forest structure was formed with its own characteristics of forest stand, the soil initial has been restored the fertility, there are some indigenous tree species under the canopy of Pinus and Acacia was 11-18 years of age, a similar number of trees growth is fast and have the competition with the previous species The high canopy layer was thinning to remove the individual growth slowly, so the density and canopy cover in the region has been adjusted However, in areas currently exists contradictions between plants on light demand and nutrition Nowadays, the timber trees in the study areas are having an adverse effect on the growth of indigenous species; compete with indigenous species about space nutritious and light Therefore, the study of growth conditions as well as to determine the influence of factors such as density, tree canopy cover of timber trees on the growth and development of indigenous tree understory of them, thereby giving the silviculture practices impact to forest stand and habitat condition to promote the growth and development of the indigenous species to construct the models of mixed species plantations forest is essential Starting from the above requirements, I conducted the research on the topic: “Assessment on the actual situation and give some silviculture practices for experimental forest on Luot Mountain in XuanMai – ChuongMy – HaNoi” CHAPTER I: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1.1 Goals: - Construct the model for the mixed forest with the indigenous species: Erythrophleum fordii understory of the timber tree: Pinus massoniana at the experimental forest in Luot Mountain - Using some silviculture practices to help the experimental forest to develop with regenerate direction 1.2 Specific objectives: - Make comments on the relationship between the qualitative change of the parameters with the growth and regeneration of indigenous species and timber tree - Assessment the actual situation of mixed forest pattern, which have two species are Pinus massoniana and Erythrophleum fordii at the experimental forest on Luot Mountain - Assessment the potential growth and the affect on the growth of indigenous species to growth ability and regeneration of Pinus massoniana species on the research areas - Give some silviculture practices impact on the timber trees to create good conditions for the timber tree to growth and regeneration better CHAPTER II: METHOD This is the research areas in Luot Mountain of Vietnam Forestry University Figure 1: The research areas REFERENCES VIETNAM REFERENCES Duong Quang Trung, 2013 “Assessment the status and proposed silviculture measures to conservation Madhuca pasquieri forest in TamQuy natural forest conservation areas, Ha Trung, Thanh Hoa”.pp.16-35 Le Dac Thang, 2013 “Assessment the growth potential of some indigenous species understory of Pinus massoniana species to create the basis for change pure Pinus massoniana forest to mixed-forest at LucNgan – BacGiang”, ThaiNguyen University,pp.25-40 Nguyen Thi Xuan Lien, 2010 “ Assessment the growth potential of indigenous species understory of Pinus massoniana species to create the basis for change pure Pinus massoniana forest to mixed-forest at ChiLang-LangSon ” ThaiNguyen University, pp.36-69 ENGLISH REFERENCES Ernst, R L 1987 “Growth and yield following thinning in mixed species Allegheny hardwood stands” In: Nyland, R D., ed., Managing northern hardwoods: proceedings of a silviculture symposium; 1986 June 23-25; Syracuse, NY Fac For Misc Publ No 13 (ESF 87-002) 21 - 222.Syracuse, NY: S.U.N.Y Coll Of Env Sci and For.: 21 -222 Marquis, D A.; Ernst, R L, 1991 “The effects of stand structure after thinning on the growth of an Allegheny hardwood stand” Forest Science 37: 182-1 200 25 Miller, G W.; Baumgras, J E 1994 “Efficient silviculture practices for eastern hardwood management” In: Opportunities for the hardwood industry to address environmental challenges Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Hardwood Symposium of the Hardwood Development Council; 1994 12-1 May; Cashiers, NC Memphis, TN: Hardwood Research Council: 23-35 SNEDECOR, G W (4th edition) 1946 “Statistical Methods Applied to Experiments in Agriculture and Biology” Collegiate Press, Inc., Ames, Iowa, U S A 26 APPENDIX - Some information of species on the research areas Table 1.7: The data of species on Plot D1.3(cm) No D(canopy)(m) H(m) NAME E-W S-N AVERAGE E-W S-N AVERAGE 12,5 12 12,25 3,5 12 12,5 14 13,25 14 15,5 15 15,25 5,5 5,25 13 25 27,5 26,25 6,5 7,25 16 9,5 9,25 5,5 5,75 13 24,5 23 23,75 2,5 15 10 9,5 12 12 11 11,5 4,5 3,75 13 Erythurophleum fordii Erythurophleum fordii Erythurophleum fordii Dracontomelon duperreanum Erythurophleum fordii Pinus massoniana Erythurophleum fordii Erythurophleum fordii Pinus massoniana 22 23 22,5 2,5 14 10 Pinus massoniana 27,5 27 27,25 4,5 4,25 15 11 Pinus massoniana 36,5 37 36,75 3,5 2,75 16 16,5 15 15 Erythurophleum 12 15,75 fordii 27 Note Erythurophleum 13 18 17 17,5 4,5 4,25 17 19 18,5 18,75 6,5 6,25 16 44,5 45,5 45 4,5 17 26,5 26 26,25 2,5 17 32 33 32,5 16 35 37 36 4,5 17 14 13,5 13,75 4,5 4,75 13 fordii Cinnamomum 14 parthenoxylon 15 Pinus massoniana Eucalyptus 16 camaldulensis Eucalyptus 17 camaldulensis 18 Pinus massoniana Dracontomelon 19 duperreanum 20 Pinus massoniana 25,5 27 26,25 16 21 Pinus massoniana 28,5 26 27,25 5,5 4,25 18 22 Pinus massoniana 34,5 33 33,75 3,5 18,5 18 16,5 17,25 5,5 4,75 15 11,5 10 10,75 16 13,5 12 12,75 4,5 15 14,5 15 14,75 5,5 16,5 16 14,5 15,25 4,5 3,75 15 14,5 15 14,75 3,5 3,25 16 Dracontomelon 23 duperreanum Erythurophleum 24 fordii Erythurophleum 25 fordii Erythurophleum 26 fordii Erythurophleum 27 fordii 28 Pinus massoniana 28 29 Pinus massoniana 18 19 18,5 17,5 30 Pinus massoniana 33,5 32 32,75 4,5 3,75 17 9 14 10 9,5 3,5 3,25 12 20 19,5 19,75 3,5 13 14 15 14,5 3,5 13 20 20,5 20,25 4,5 4,25 15 14 12,5 13,25 4,5 13 27,5 32 29,75 3,5 4,25 15 13 12,5 12,75 4,5 12 16 15 15,5 5,5 14 13 12,5 12,75 4,5 13 12 10,5 11,25 3,5 3,75 12 22 21 21,5 4,5 14,5 Erythurophleum 31 fordii Erythurophleum 32 fordii 33 Pinus massoniana Erythurophleum 34 fordii 35 Pinus massoniana Erythurophleum 36 fordii 37 Pinus massoniana Acacia 38 auriculiformis Dracontomelon 39 duperreanum 40 Pinus massoniana Acacia 41 auriculiformis Pinus massoniana 42 43 Pinus massoniana 21,5 22 21,75 3,5 15 44 Pinus massoniana 30 31 30,5 5,5 4,75 15 45 Pinus massoniana 30 32,5 31,25 5,5 5,25 16 29 Peltophorum 46 10 12 11 3,5 3,25 14 10 9,5 2,5 12 12 14 13 3,5 15 16 15 15,5 4,5 4,25 14 13 14,5 13,75 4,5 14 20 21,5 20,75 15 17 18,5 17,75 2,5 13 24 23 23,5 3,5 3,75 16 22 23 22,5 3,5 15 20 19,5 19,75 4,5 4,25 16 19 19,5 19,25 15 21 22,5 21,75 3,5 3,75 16 17 15,5 16,25 4,5 4,75 15 12 13 12,5 12 pterocarpum Erythurophleum 47 fordii Erythurophleum 48 fordii 49 Pinus massoniana Erythurophleum 50 fordii 51 Pinus massoniana Eucalyptus 52 camaldulensis Eucalyptus 53 camaldulensis 54 Pinus massoniana Acacia 55 auriculiformis Eucalyptus 56 camaldulensis 57 Pinus massoniana Erythurophleum 58 fordii Peltophorum 59 pterocarpum 30 Table 1.8: The data of species on Plot D1.3(cm) No D(crown-canopy) H(m) NAME E-W S-N AVERAGE E-W S-N AVERAGE Pinus massoniana 20 22 21 4,5 17,5 Pinus massoniana 24,5 23 23,75 4,5 4,75 17 Pinus massoniana 31 31 30,75 21 10 12 11 4,5 12,5 15 15 14,75 17 10,5 9,75 5,5 12 16 15 15,5 3,5 15 Peltophorum pterocarpum Erythurophleum fordii Erythurophleum fordii Eucalyptus camaldulensis Pinus massoniana 17 19 17,75 4,5 4,75 20,5 Pinus massoniana 21 23 22 5,5 4,75 23 17 16 16,5 6,5 5,75 21 Erythurophleum 10 fordii 11 Pinus massoniana 18,5 19 18,75 4,5 3,75 20 12 Pinus massoniana 23,5 25 24,25 4,5 22,5 13 Pinus massoniana 17 18 17,5 19 10 13 11,5 5,5 6,5 20 Peltophorum 14 pterocarpum 15 Pinus massoniana 18 18 17,75 3,5 3,75 17 16 Erythurophleum 12 13 12,5 5,5 16,5 31 Note fordii Erythurophleum 17 10,5 13 11,75 5,5 5,75 12 fordii 18 Manglietia conifera 10 14 12 2,5 11 19 Manglietia conifera 10 9,5 3,5 2,75 10 20 Pinus massoniana 12,5 13 12,75 3,5 17 20 24 21,75 6,5 5,75 21,5 10 13 11,5 4,5 20 30 33 31,25 3,5 22,5 13 15 13,75 5,5 5,75 15 18 17 17,5 3,5 17 13,5 15 14,25 6,5 5,75 14,5 2,5 9,5 10 11 10,5 3,5 3,25 11 17 17 16,75 4,5 22 Eucalyptus 21 camaldulensis 22 Pinus massoniana Eucalyptus 23 camaldulensis Erythurophleum 24 fordii Acacia 25 auriculiformis Erythurophleum 26 fordii Acaciaauriculiformis 27 Erythurophleum 28 fordii Eucalyptus 29 camaldulensis 30 Pinus massoniana 16 18 16,75 3,5 3,75 21,5 31 Eucalyptus 13 14 13,25 3,5 14 32 camaldulensis 32 Pinus massoniana 30 31 30,5 4,5 4,25 23 33 Pinus massoniana 22 21 21,5 3,5 3,75 21 34 Pinus massoniana 20 22 21 22 10 12 11 2,5 21,5 15 15 14,75 5,5 22,5 Cinnamomum 35 parthenoxylon Erythurophleum 36 fordii 37 Pinus massoniana 28 28 27,75 5,5 5,25 23 38 Pinus massoniana 18,5 17 17,75 3,5 3,75 20 18 19 18,5 4,5 4,75 24 14 15 14,5 3,5 22 22 23 22,25 4,5 20 12 13 12,5 5,5 4,75 21 42 43 42,5 6,5 6,25 25 25 28 26,5 5,5 22 10 9,5 4,5 11 Cinnamomum 39 parthenoxylon Erythurophleum 40 fordii 41 Pinus massoniana Erythurophleum 42 fordii Peltophorum 43 pterocarpum Peltophorum 44 pterocarpum Erythurophleum 45 fordii 46 Pinus massoniana 33 35 34 5,5 5,25 24,5 47 Manglietia conifera 10 3,5 21 33 Erythurophleum 48 12 13 12,5 20,5 fordii 49 Pinus massoniana 34 32 33 5,5 4,75 22 50 Manglietia conifera 28 30 28,75 4,5 4,75 22,5 15 17 15,75 3,5 21 12 14 13 3,5 3,25 22,5 17 18 17,25 3 21 23 24 23,5 4,5 4,25 18 17 18 17,25 3,5 3,75 13 10 8,5 9,25 10,5 20 22 21 5,5 4,75 17 32 31 31,25 4,5 24 11 10 5,5 4,25 12,5 Erythurophleum 51 fordii 52 Pinus massoniana Cinnamomum 53 parthenoxylon Dracontomelon 54 duperreanum Erythurophleum 55 fordii Erythurophleum 56 fordii Dracontomelon 57 duperreanum 58 Pinus massoniana Erythurophleum 59 fordii 34 Table 1.9: The data of species on Plot No NAME D1.3(cm) E-W S-N 14 14 13,75 10 11 30 Crown-canopy(m) AVERAGE E-W H(m) S-N AVERAGE 4,5 13 10,5 11 33,5 31,75 3,5 2,75 22 10 12,5 11,25 5,5 5,25 14 14 14 13,75 5,5 15 10 12,5 11,25 4 11 14 14,5 14,25 5,5 4,25 14 30 31 30,5 4,5 16,5 12 11 11,5 3,5 4,25 15 15 14 14,25 5,5 4,75 31 32 31,25 4,5 3,75 20 18 16 16,75 5,5 5,75 13,5 30 27,5 28,75 4,5 3,5 21 Erythurophleum fordii Erythurophleum fordii Pinus massoniana Erythurophleum fordii Erythurophleum fordii Erythurophleum fordii Erythurophleum fordii Pinus massoniana Cinnamomum parthenoxylon Cinnamomum 10 parthenoxylon 11 Pinus massoniana Erythurophleum 12 fordii 13 Pinus massoniana 35 Note 14 Pinus massoniana 38 40 39 4,5 16 13 13,5 13 5,5 4,75 13 Erythurophleum 15 fordii 16 Pinus massoniana 22 24,5 23,25 14 17 Pinus massoniana 27 8,5 17,75 4,5 16 14 16 15 5,5 5,25 14,5 13 14 13,25 13 14 13 13,25 4,5 14 12 11,5 11,75 5,5 5,25 13 28 31,5 29,75 4,5 5,25 16 15 13 13,75 4,5 13 Erythurophleum 18 fordii Erythurophleum 19 fordii Erythurophleum 20 fordii Cinnamomum 21 parthenoxylon Cinnamomum 22 parthenoxylon Erythurophleum 23 fordii 24 Pinus massoniana 23 24 23,25 3,5 18 25 Pinus massoniana 28 27,5 27,75 4,5 4,75 19,5 26 Pinus massoniana 28 30 29 3,5 4,75 20 27 Pinus massoniana 22 22,5 22,25 5,5 5,25 17 19 19 18,75 15 29 30 29,5 15,5 Erythurophleum 28 fordii 29 Pinus massoniana 36 30 Pinus massoniana 28 27 27,5 4,5 18 31 Pinus massoniana 22 22,5 22,25 5,5 4,25 15 14 15 14,25 5,5 13 13 13 12,75 5,5 4,75 12 12 10 11 12,5 11 12,5 11,75 5,5 11 Erythurophleum 32 fordii Erythurophleum 33 fordii Cinnamomum 34 parthenoxylon Eucalyptus 35 camaldulensis 36 Pinus massoniana 22 22,5 22,25 3,5 3,75 14 37 Pinus massoniana 27 26 26,5 4,5 14,5 38 Pinus massoniana 21 22 21,5 5,5 4,75 14 15 16 15,25 5,5 5,25 14 34 34 33,75 4 20 31 32 31,5 5,5 4,75 21,5 14 15,5 14,75 4,5 14 16,75 5,5 4,75 14,5 Erythurophleum 39 fordii Eucalyptus 40 camaldulensis Dracontomelon 41 duperreanum Eucalyptus 42 camaldulensis Erythurophleum 43 17,5 16 fordii 37 44 Pinus massoniana 42 48 45 15 21 20 20,25 5,5 4,75 16,5 Dracontomelon 45 duperreanum 46 Manglietia conifera 19 21,5 20,25 5,5 4,25 14 47 Pinus massoniana 20 22,5 21,25 4,5 14,5 38 Some picture of research areas Figure 6: Some views in plot and plot Figure 7: The plot Figure 8: Some views of sub-plot 39