Nghiên cứu đánh giá biến động bờ biển tỉnh thừa thiên huế phục vụ quản lý đới bờ

N y\ DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRirdNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TlT NHIEN NGHIEN Ciru DANH GIA BIEN D O N G Bd BIEN TINH THlTA THIEN HUE PHUC VU QUAN LY DOI B6 MA SO: QT.09.41 CHIJ TRI Di TAI: TS Nguyen Hieu CAC CAN BO THAM GIA PGS.TS Vu Van Phai CN Nguyin Thj Thanh Hai CA' HOC QUOC G I A H A Ngi TPUMG ^AM THONG TIN THU Vlf N 0'^//iOQ?) \ ^ HA NOI - 2009 MO DAU Tir lau, ddi bd bidn da trd noi khai pha, cu tru dong diic cua ngudi Xu the di dan tir cac vung tren dat lien ve phfa bien cang nhieu va xay tren quy mo toan cau Thong ke mdi nhat cua to chirc chu* thap xanh Australia (Green Cross Australia), nam 1999, dan so the gidi dat so ty, thi co khoang 240 trieu ngudi song tap trung d cac nam viing ddi bd Den nay, dan so the gidi udc tfnh khoang 6,7 ty, thi da co tdi 634 trieu ngudi sinh song va khoang 2/3 cac co dan so hon trieu dan dugc xay dung a ddi bd, pham vi cao 10m so vdi muc bien Viet Nam, den nam 2005 co khoang 41,4 trieu ngudi sinh song dai dat co cao tir 10 met trd xuong (dugc xep d vi tri thu so 10 nudc tren the gioi) chiem ty le xap xi 53% tong so dan ca nudc (dugc xep a vi trf thu so 10 nudc co ty le cao nhat) Lgi ich dem lai tir cac hoat dong kinh te bien la het sire to ldn, la nguon thu dang ke tong thu nhap quoc dan cua cac quoc gia bien Tuy nhien, day ciing la noi thudng xay nhung hien tugng cue doan nhu xoi Id - boi tu, bao lii, cat bay, cat chay, gay hau qua nang ne cho sir phat trien kinh te va ddi song ciia nhan dan nhu xoi Id lam mat dat dai, lam sap cac cong trinh ven bd, boi tu lam lap luong tau, lut, bao va nudc dang, cac van de ve nhiem Su bien doi hau dan den hien tugng muc nudc bien dang va nhirng tac dong cua no den ddi bd, nhu tang cuong xoi Id bd, lam ngap chim va thu hep dien tich nhirng vung dat thap ven bien, dang trd nhirng van de co tinh toan cau, dugc ca the gidi, co Viet Nam, het sue quan tam Dai dia hinh ven bien Thira Thien Hue phan Ion la dia hinh dong bang co doc chung nho, co cac dai dja hinh triing thap, tham tri dudi Om Phfa dong cua dong bang thudng dugc gidi han vdi bien bdi cac de cat thien nhien cao tir - 8m den vai chuc met, cac cua song deu hep va thudng bi thu lai dang ke vao mtia kho bdi sir keo dai ciia cac doi cat bien Day dong thdi cung la noi tap trung dan cu dong due, cac trung tam phat trien kinh te xa hoi co sd tang quan ciia tinh Thii'a Thien Hue, bao gom ca Hue ciing he thong cac di tfch lich su co gia tri ciia quoc gia Vdi nhirng dac trung nhu vay, ddi bd bien tinh Thira - Thien Hu6 tidm an nhieu riii ro vdi tai bien thien nhien, nhu lu lut, xoi Id bo bien, bd song Dac biet, boi canh cua su bien doi khf hau toan cau, hien tugng dang len cua muc nuoc bidn dang CO xu the lam gia tang xoi Id bo bien, ngap lut va ngap chim cac viing dat canh tac, djnh cu quan trpng d ddi bd Trong qua khu muc nudc bien da nhieu lan thay doi ung vdi cac thdi ky bang - gian bang khac Dau an cua su tay doi ki De tir de lai r5 tren dia hinh, tram tfch, sinh vat, d pham vi khong chi d nhirng viing bang va ria bang ma la tren pham vi toan Trai Dat Phan tfch cac dieu kien co dja mao, cac dac trung cua dia hinh va tram tfch hien tai co the nhan biet dugc hire tranh ve su thay doi cua dia hinh ddi bd bien Thira Thien Hue moi quan he vdi sir thay doi muc nudc dai duong a qua khu Ket hgp vdi phan tfch cac qua trinh dong luc hien dai vdi su ho trg cua cong nghe Vien tham va CIS, day se la co sd quan cho viec danh gia xu the bien doi dia hinh, ciing nhu cac tai bien phat sinh d ddi bd tinh Thira Thien Hue dudi tac dong cua muc nudc bien dang hien nay, lam co sd cho cong tac quy hoach va sir dung hgp ly tai nguyen thien nhien noi day Muc tieu de tai: Danh gia dugc hien trang va xu the bien dong bd bien tinh Thira Thien Hue lam co sd cho cong tac quan ly ddi bd Cdc noi dung nghien cuu: Tong quan va thu thap cac tai lieu ve dieu kien tu nhien, kinh te - xa hoi ciia khu vuc nghien ciru; Danh gia va lam ro vai tro cac nhan to dan tdi su bien doi dja hinh bd bien tinh Thira Thien Hue; Phan tfch va long hgp cac thong tin, ket hgp vdi irng dung cong nghe vien tham va GIS de xac dinh va danh gia hien trang, xu the bien dgng bd bien; Xay dung ban nguy co tai bien bien dong dia hinh bd bien Ngi dung cua de tai, ngoai phan mo dau, ket luan va tai lieu tham khao, se dugc trinh bay chuong: ChiroTig L Khai quat ve nghien cuu bien doi dia hinh quan ly ddi bd va cac phuong phap nghien ciru Chu'OTig Phan tfch cac nhan to anh hudng den su bien doi dia hinh ddi bd bien tinh Thira Thien Hue Chuong Danh gia hien trang va xu the bien doi dja hinh bd bien tinh Thira Thien Hue phuc vu cong tac quan ly ddi bd CHtrOfNG KHAI QUAT VE NGHIEN ClTU BIEN D O I DIA HINH BCJ B I £ N TRONG QUAN LY D d l BOf VA CAC PHU^ONG PHAP NGHIEN ClTU 1.1 KHAI QUAT VE QUAN LY B6I B6 1.1,1, Khai niem ve doi bd (quan niem va pham vi) Ddi bd (Coastal Zone) la mgt bg phan dac biet va quan trgng ciia be mat Trai Dat, la noi tiep xuc giua cac quyen: thach quyen, sinh quyen, thuy quyen, khf quydn cua Trai Dk va ciing la noi chira dung cac he sinh thai co nang xuat cao nhat, giau CO va da dang sinh hgc Rat nhi^u nha khoa hgc thuoc cac Imh vuc khac quan tam ddn ddi bd theo hudng cu the cua minh va co each nhin nhan no khac Do vay cung co nhieu djnh nghTa khac ve ddi bd Djnh nghia mang tfnh khai quat nhat va dugc sir dung kha rgng rai la dinh nghia ddi bd m6i tuong tac giira moi trudng bien va luc dja: "Ddi bd la mgt vung chuyen tiep ma d moi trudng bien va moi trudng luc dia tuong tac lin va hinh mgt moi trudng thong nhat" Ve mat ly thuyet, djnh nghTa the hien mgt each day du ban chat ciia ddi bd, la mgt khong gian cu the ma d moi trudng tu nhien mang tfnh dac thu rieng bdi su ket hgp giira moi trudng ciia bien va moi trudng luc dia, dong thdi mang tfnh tong quat cao (hinh 1.2) Day ciing la dinh nghTa dugc rat nhieu cac sach viet ve moi trudng tu nhien cua ddi bd sir dung ^;^ Viing nui o a i Ba Hinh 1.2 Sa dai bd Tren quan diem long hgp va he thong, Lymarev V.I da dinh nghTa "ddi bd (hay ggi la ddi tuong tac hien tai giira luc dja va bien) la mgt dai tiep giap dat bien khong rgng lam co ban chat dgc dao tao nen mgt hgp phan ldp vo canh quan cua Trai Dat va la noi xay moi tac dgng tuong ho phuc tap va doi lap giua thach quyen, khf quyen, thuy quyen va sinh quyen" Ve mat dia mao hgc, ddi bd dugc xem la noi tuong tac giira dat lien va bien ca de tao cac dang dja hinh dac thii cho no Tai day, song bien va cac loai dong chay no sinh la yeu to dgng luc rat quan trgng doi vdi sir hinh va bien doi dja hinh ciing nhu tram tfch Ben canh do, cac yeu to thuy trieu, song, dong chay, gio, sinh vat, ciing giir vai tro khong kem phan quan trgng Ddi bd ciing la mgt he tu nhien md phirc tap, da dang va ciing rat dgc dao, the hien r5 ret va day du nhat moi tac dgng qua lai lan giira quyen ciia Trai Dat: Thach quyen, Thuy quyen, Khf quyen, Sinh quyen va Trf quyen Gidi han dudi cua ddi bd la sau ma song bat dau bi bien dang, ciing nhu dia hinh va tram tfch day bat dau bi bien doi Do sau dugc xac dinh bang 1/2 chieu dai budc song Con gidi han ve phfa luc dja ciia ddi bd dugc xac dinh la dudng song leo cao cue dai Do la doi vdi cac viing bien md, ngoai ddi bd co mgt dai dat thudng xuyen chiu tac dgng boi cac nhan to khac ciia bien nhu thuy trieu, muoi, dong chay chfnh la cac viing nudc nira kfn, hoac kfn nhung co lien he vdi bien nhu vung vjnh, dam pha va cac viing cira song Nhung tao dugc xem la cac hgp phan tao nen ddi bd mgt each hoan chinh Theo Luat bien quoc te, ddi bd dugc djnh nghTa la viing bien dac quyen kinh te vdi chieu rgng 200 hai ly tfnh tir bd phfa bien Ngi dung ciia dinh nghTa tren thuc te chi thuan mang tfnh phap ly de khang dinh chii quyen viing bien ciia cac quoc gia co bien Con Trung tam tai nguyen California thi cho ddi bd la mgt viing co chieu dai dgc theo bd bien, chieu ngang mo rgng ve phfa dat lien xap xi 1/2 hai ly (khoang 1km) ke tir mire trieu thap trung binh va ve phfa bien den gidi han ngoai ciing cua bien gidi quoc gia Neu so sanh vdi dinh nghTa theo luat bien quoc t^ thi dinh nghTa chi khac d cho la xac dinh them pham vi cua ddi bd ve phfa luc dia Tuy nhien, viec lay ranh gidi la 1/2 hai ly ve phfa luc dia cho tat ca cac viing bd bidn phan nao mang tfnh ap dat Noi co phan ven bien bang phang ddi bd se co the md rat rgng ve phia luc dia va no bao gom ca cac dun cat va cac dam pha , dai dat ven bien doc thi ddi bd co the se rat hep Trong Hoi nghj ve khai thac va su dung tai nguyen ddi bd dugc to chirc vao thang nam 1972 tai Woods Hole, ddi bd da dugc xac dinh la mgt dai rgng tiep giap giira bien va luc dja, co ranh gidi phfa luc dja la gidi han anh hudng cua thuy trieu va ranh gidi phfa bien dugc md rgng den ria luc dja, tuong ung vdi sau khoang 200m Cho muc dfch cua Hoi nghi luc bay gid, ranh gidi phfa bien ciia ddi bd thuc chat dugc dinh nghTa can cir vao pham vi hoat dgng ciia ngudi gay nhung anh hudng dang ke tdi dac diem hoa hgc cua nudc hay tdi cac he sinh thai bien Con ranh gidi ve phfa luc dia la gidi han anh hudng ciia thuy trieu, rat mem deo va kho xac dinh cu the, vi neu lay theo ranh gidi sy anh hudng ciia thuy trieu thi cac viing bd co cira song thuy trieu CO the se xam nhap rat sau vao luc dja theo thung liing song Tai hoi nghj ve "ria nudc" tai Masachuset (Hoa Ky), 1972, ddi bd dugc djnh nghTa la mgt dai luc dja va bien ke can co chieu rgng thay doi Tai day, viec sii" dung cac he sinh thai tren dat lien co anh hong true tiep den cac he sinh thai bien va nggc lai" Chuong trinh quan ly tai nguyen va moi trudng ciia Malaysia nam 1996 lai cho rang "Ddi bd la mgt he sinh thai giau co ve thuc vat cung nhu cac qua trinh vat ly; co dgng lyc manh va mgt moi trudng nhay cam hon bat cu mgt noi nao tren Trai Dat; la viing dat va bien md rgng ve phfa bien 10 km va ve phfa dat lien cung 10 km" Nam 1989, van ban hudng dan danh gia tac dgng moi trudng, Ngan hang The gidi da nhan xet va dua quan niem: "Khong co mgt dinh nghTa chfnh xac ve ddi bd, nhung tat ca cac dinh nghTa deu co gang de tfnh den ca viing bd ven bien, viing cira song, vung bien ven bo cimg toan bg phan dat keo dai dgc theo bd ma tren cac qua trinh ty nhien va nhirng hoat dgng ciia ngdi deu co tac dgng den no va ciing bi tac dgng ciia chfnh no Gioi han cua dai bd co the rdt rong Jdxong chi duac xdc djnh bdi cdc dgc trung sinh thdi ma cdn phu thuoc vdo cdc dieu khoan chinh sach vd Ichd ndng quan ly cua chinh quyen V\ vay, ddi bd CO the bao gom ca mgt viing dat rgng ldn tren luc dia tfnh tu duang phdn thuy cua cdc song bien va den tan viing nudc tren sudn luc dia Cac dac trung ty nhien cua ddi bd bao gom bai bien, viing cira song, viing dat thap/udt, viing vinh, dam pha, ran san ho va ca cac dun cat ven bd Cac hgp phan nhan tao bao gom cang bien, hoat dgng nuoi hai san va danh bat thuong mai, cac hoat dgng cong nghiep, phat trien du lich va giai trf, cac di tfch khao c6-lich sir, cac thi" Tren thuc te, thuoc vao cac van de quan ly va cac yeu to dia ly co quan he/ tuong tac vdi ddi bd ma ranh gidi cua no cung rat khac Pham vi cua ddi bd CO the chi la mgt dai hep tiep giap giira dat lien va bien rgng tir vai tram met den vai kilomet, nhung cung co ranh gidi md rgng cho den tan dudng phan thuy ciia cac luu vyc song bien phfa luc dia va den het viing dac quyen kinh te cua quoc gia d phfa bien Quan ly ddi bd bao ham viec quan ly mgt each lien tuc viec sir dung tai nguyen d ddi bd, bdi vay ranh gidi ciia ddi bd thudng dugc xac dinh mgt each than trgng cho cong tac quan ly va hanh phap (Jones va WestmacoU, 1993) Lien quan den viec hoach dinh cac chfnh sach quan ly, khong gian cua ddi bd thudng dugc xac dinh theo each thuc sau: 1) Xac djnh theo mgt khoang each co djnh; 2) Xac dinh theo cac khoang each thay doi; 3) Xac dinh theo muc dfch sir dung; hoac 4) Xac dinh theo kieu long ghep Ddi bd la noi co moi trudng song het sire da dang va bao gom nhieu cac he sinh thai phong phu khac nhu cu'a song, co bien, san ho, dam pha, vung vjnh, bai trieu, Cac san pham ty nhien ciia ddi bd trd tai nguyen thyc sy no CO sy tac dgng ciia ngudi Cac hanh vi co the anh hudng tryc tiep den ddi bd hoac thong qua moi quan he giua he thong ddi bd vdi cac he xung quanh no Tren thyc te, viec quan ly ddi bd xuat phat tir nhung hanh vi tac dgng cua ngudi len he thong ddi bd vdi muc dfch la bao ve va phat trien he thong tai nguyen ddi bd (hinh L3) Ddi bd He thong tai nguyen ddi Hinh L3 Moi quan he giita dai ba vd he thong tdi nguyen ddi ba (Chua, 1993) Chfnh bdi vay, viec dinh nghia va xac djnh ranh gidi cho ddi bd phuc vu cho muc dfch quan ly la het sue mem deo va da dang, phu thuoc vao muc dfch sir dung no, vdi y nghia nham quy hoach va quan ly de dat dugc sy phat trien mgt each ben vung nguon tai nguyen nai day O Viet Nam, cac tieu chf de xac dinh ddi bd bien va dieu kien ty nhien la tai nguyen thien nhien, quan ly xa hoi va hanh chfnh phap luat Ranh gidi cua ddi bd ve phfa dat lien, theo Cue Moi trudng, dugc lay theo dudng ranh gidi ciia cac huyen co dac diem bien, ve phfa bien, theo Bg Thiiy san, d Dong Bac Bg, Nam Bg va vinh Thai Lan dugc lay theo dudng dang sau 30m, khu vyc Mien Trung dugc lay theo dudng dang sau 50m Tuy nhien, thuoc vao moi dy an quan ly ddi bd, ranh gidi cua khu vyc nghien cuu lai dugc lya chgn mgt each mem deo de phii hgp vdi muc tieu, nhiem vu va ngi dung nghien cuu cua de tai Vf du, Dy an diem trinh dien quoc gia ve quan ly tong hgp vung bd Da Nang, ranh gidi khu vyc nghien cuu dugc xac dinh dya tren yeu to chfnh la: Ranh gidi hanh chfnh de thuan tien cho viec trien khai; Tam quan trgng va muc anh huong cua cac hoat dgng kinh le va dan sinh moi tuong tac dat bien; va Kha nang co the quan ly dugc thdi gian trien khai dy an Do vay, phfa dat lien dugc lay theo ranh gidi hanh chfnh cac quan, huyen, bao gom quan: Hai Chau, Thanh Khe, Lien Chieu, Son Tra, Ngu Hanh Son va huyen Hoa Vang Mac dii khong giap bien, nhung Hoa Vang van dugc tfnh vi thuoc luu vyc cac song vinh Da Nang Trong dy an Viet Nam - Ha Lan ve quan ly tong ddi bd dugc trien khai thf diem tai Nam Dinh, pham vi thyc hien dy an lai dugc gidi han pham vi ciia mgt xa ven bien la Lgc An (huyen Long Dat) Ciing dy an dugc trien khai tai Nam Dinh, pham vi nghien cuu lai dugc xac dinh theo Viing ven bien vdi 17 xa va thi tran thuoc huyen Giao Thuy, Hai Hau va Nghia Hung [2] 1.1.2 Khai quat ve Quan ly tSng hup/ Quan ly th6ng nhSt (QLTH/ QLTN) nham phat trien ben vimg doi bd 7.7.2.7 Dinh nghia vd chuc nang cua Quan ly tong hgp d&i bd (QLTHDB) "Quan ly tong hgp va phat trien ben viing ddi bd bien bao gom ca viing dac quyen kinh te" dugc dua tai Hoi nghi ciia Lien hgp quoc ve Moi trudng va phat trien (UNCED) hgp tai Rio de Janeiro nam 1992 va dugc ghi Nghi sy 21, chuang 17 Cho din nay, QLTH ddi bd dugc thira nhan la qua trinh thfch hgp nhat dk giai quyet cac thach thuc tai ddi bd hien tai cijng nhu lau dai, hudng tdi sy phat trien ben virng Thong qua viec tfnh den cac lgi fch ngan han, trung han va dai han, QLTH ddi bd co the kich thfch sy phat trien kinh te viing ven bien, phat trien tai nguyen va han che sy suy thoai cac he thong ty nhien chira chiing QLTHDB co the cung cap phan khung cho cac phan ting linh hoat nham doi vdi sy khong chac chan cua cac dy bao ve tuong lai, ke ca ve thay doi khf hau Noi chfnh xac, QLTHDB cung cap cho cac quoc gia ven bien quy trinh thuc day sy phat trien kinh te va cai thien chat lugng cugc song Co kha nhieu dinh nghia ve QLTHDB, nhung djnh nghia dugc sir dung rgng rai hien Biliana Cicin-Sain dua nam 1993 - theo do, ^^QLTHDB (Integrated coastal (zone) management - ICZM hoac ICM) Id mpt qud trinh dpng vd lien tuc, nh& cdc quyet dinh dwcrc dua nhdm sii'dung, phat trien ben viing vd bdo ve cdc tdi nguyen bd vd bien'* Dii nhan manh d cac diem khac nhung co sy thong nhat tuong doi giua cac dinh nghia ve (1) - QLTHDB la mgt qua trinh dgng va lien tuc quyet dinh bao ve tai nguyen va moi trudng bd va (2) - Hudng tdi sir dung lau ben lai nguyen va phat trien ben vung ddi bd QLTH - mgt the thuc quan ly tien tien nhat hien co chuc nang co ban (Cicin - Sain and Knecht, 1998) nham hudng tdi phat trien ben virng ddi bd tren ca ba phuong dien kinh te, xa hoi va moi trudng: (1) Quy hoach sir dung ddi bo co tam nhin dai han, dap ung nhu cau sir dung hien tai va tuang lai, cu the la nghien ciru moi trudng VBB va sir dung chung, phan viing sir dung, dieu chinh cac dy an phat trien gan dudng bd, v.v.; (2) Thiic day phat trien kinh te - khuyen khfch sir dung hgp ly ddi bd cho nuoi thuy san, du lich, cang, van tai bien, nghi dudng, v.v.; (3) Quan ly tai nguyen - bao ve nen tang sinh thai ddi bd, bao ton da dang sinh hgc, dam bao sir dung lau ben, cu the la thyc hien danh gia moi trudng, danh gia nii ro, bao ve va cai thien chat lugng nudc, thiet lap cac khu bao ton bien, bao ton da dang sinh hgc, bao ve va phuc hoi moi trudng ddi bd (rimg ngap man, ran san ho, cac vung dat ngap nudc); (4) Giai quyet mau thuan Igi fch sii" dung - dieu hoa va can bang lgi fch sir dung hien tai va tuong lai, nghien ciru sir dung da muc tieu va tuong tac giira chiing, ap dung cac phuong phap giai quyet mau thuan lgi fch, giam thieu anh hudng tieu eye kho tranh, danh gia chi tiet nguon goc phat sinh, tfnh chat va muc gay gat cua mau thuan lgi fch va ap dung cac giai phap dieu hoa hgp ly va linh hoat dap irng thyc tien; (5) Bao ve an toan cong cong - chu trgng ung xir tai bien ddi bd, giam tfnh nhay cam ton thuang trudc thien tai va nhirng bien doi toan cau ve khf hau, dang cao myc nudc, dieu chinh quy hoach phat trien d nhirng vung rui ro cao, thiet lap vanh dai an toan, xay dyng cong trinh bao ve bd, xay dyng cac ke hoach sa tan, giai phap irng trudng hgp khan cap; (6) Giir quyen sd hiru cac vung dat va nudc cong cong - vi chfnh quyen la chii sd hiru toan phan cac ddi bd theo cac don vi hanh chfnh, chia xe lgi fch kinh te vdi cong dong thong qua ky hgp dong cho thue va thu phf sir dung tai nguyen va khong gian bd, lien doanh khai thac tai nguyen khong tai tao, v.v., dam bao Igi fch cong dong gan lien vdi lgi fch Nha nudc Cac chuang trinh QLTHDB nao ciing co ban nham khuyen khfch sy thay doi irng xir cua ngudi de dat muc tieu mong muon Muc dfch ciia viec quan ly la tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho sy phat trien lien quan den cac san pham, dich vu va gia tri mong muon, lien quan den san xuat, tieu thy hoac bao ton QLTH ddi bd CO the dy bao va dap ung cac nhu cau cua xa hoi viing ven bien, va do, sy tham gia cua ngudi dan dia phuang vao viec xay dyng va thyc thi qua trinh QLTH la rat can thiet Dk cdng, QLTHDB chn: - Long ghep cac chuong trinh va ke hoach phat trien kinh te, quan ly chat lugng moi trudng va sir dung dat; - Long ghep cac chuong trinh cac ITnh vyc nhu san xuat thyc pham (nong nghiep, thuy san), nang lugng, giao thong van tai, tai nguyen nudc, xir ly chat thai va du lich; - Long ghep tat ca cac nhiem vu quan ly ddi bd, tir quy hoach va phan tfch, thyc thi, dieu hanh va tri, giam sat va danh gia dugc tien hanh lien tuc theo thdi gian; - Thong nhat cac trach nhiem doi vdi cac nhiem vu quan ly khac ciia cac cap chfnh quyen: dia phuang, khu vyc, quoc gia, quoc te va giiia cac khu vyc nha nudc va tu nhan; 10 18 Vu Van Phai, Nguyen Hieu, Dao Manh Tiln, 2008, Xdi Id bdi biin Viet Nam vd dnh hudng cua muc nudc bien ddng len, Tuyin tap bao cao hdi nghi Toan qudc lin I: Dia chat bien Viet Nam & Phat triln bin virng, tr 658-666 19 Preparing to meet the coastal chellenges of the 21" century, Conference report, Thenatherland,1993 20 Pham Quang Son (2005), Su dung thdng tin viln tham va GIS nghien cim quan ly tai nguyen va mdi trudng viing ven biln, "Tdi nguyen vd Mdi tnrang biin", Hdi Bao ve Thien nhien va Mdi trudng Viet Nam-Hdi Bao ve Thien nhien va Mdi trudng biln, Nxb Khoa hgc&KT thuat, HN, trang 225-236 21 Rob L Evans, Associate Scientist, Geology and Geophysics Department Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Rising Sea Levels and Moving Shorelines: New tools and techniques show promise for better predictions and decisions about coastline change 11 Susmita Dasgupta, Benoit Laplante, Craig Meisner David Wheeler Jianping Yan, Anh hudng cua muc nudc bien ddng cao a cdc nudc dong phdt trien: Phdn tich so sdnh, Bai nghien cim Chinh sach cua Ngan hang The gidi 4136 thang nam 2007 23 Timms, W, Andersen, M.S and Cariey, J (2008) Fresh-saline groundwater boundaries below coastlines - potential impacts of climate change Coast To Coast Crossing Boundaries Conference, 18-22 August, 2008 Darwin 24 Nguyen The Tuong, 2006, Sea level measurement and sea level rise in Vietnam, Marine Hydrometeorological Centre, Vietnam DAI HOC QU6C GIA HA NOI TRl/CJNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TlJ NHIEN KHOA DIA LY * * * * :f; :f; :t: * * DO TRUNG HIEU NGHIEN CUU XU THE BIEN DOI DIA HINH Ddi Bd BIEN TINH THlTA THIEN HUE DO ANH HUdNG CUA MUC NUOC BIEN DANG PHUC VU QUAN LY D6I BC) KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP HE DAI HOC CHINH QUY NGANH DIA LY Can bo huong d^n: TS NGUYEN HIEU HA NQI - 2009 DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA NOI TRU^dNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TIT NHIEN KHOA DIA LY * * * :^ :^ ^ : ^ : ^ ;^tf DO TRUNG HlfiU NGHIEN CUU XU THE BIEN DOI DIA HINH Ddi Bd BIEN TINH THlTA THIEN HUE DO ANH H U O N G CUA MUC NUOC BIEN DANG PHUC VU QUAN LY DOI BC) KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP HE DAI HOC CHINH QUY NGANH DIA LY Can bp hirdng dSn: TS NGUYEN HIEU HA NOI - 2009 TOM TAT CAC CONG TRINH NCKH Nganh: Dja ly Nguyen Hieu, Dd Trung Hilu Nam 2009 Ten bai bao: "Phan tich xu thi biin ddi dia hinh vd cdc tai biin thien nhien ddi biin tinh Thira Thien Hue dudi dnh hudng cua muc nudc biin ddng'' Ky ylu Hdi thao "Mdi trudng ddi ven bd cac tinh duyen hai Miln Trung" Tom tat: Ddi bd bien Thira Thien - Hue dugc dac trung bdi cac ddng bing lagun cd trung thap va he thdng de cat cao, cac cira sdng hep va thudng bi thu lai dang kl vao miia khd bdi sy keo dai cua cac doi cat chay vudng gdc vdi hudng ddng chay Vdi dac trung nhu vay, ddi bd biln Thira - Thien Hui ludn tilm in nguy co cao vl tai bien lii lut, xdi Id, bdi lap , va van de cang phirc tap hon xu hudng dang len ciia myc nudc bien Cac ket qua tir nghien ciru hien trang bien ddng, Ijch sir phat trien dja hinh ddi bd bien; tir phan tich trac lugng hinh thai bai bien, sudn bd ngam; tir phan tich hinh mau bien ddi dia hinh tai Chatham, Massachusetts; va danh gia xu the bien ddng dia hinh tren ca sd van dung cac quy luat dia mao bd bien, md hinh Bruun va irng dung cdng nghe GIS cho thay: 1) dia hinh ddi bd bien Thira Thien Hue dac biet la bd phan bai bien va sudn bd ngam cd dau hieu rd rang bi bien ddi bdi myc nudc bien dang (trie dien bai biln tang len tir 0,001 len 0,002 tir sau 1965 den nay); 2) Xu the biln ddi dia hinh va cac nguy co tai bien myc nudc bien dang vdi cac kich ban khac (tir 0,5-5m), gdm cd xu thi xdi Id d cac bai bien va dun cat (xdi vao 300500m myc nudc dang them Im), bi ngap chim dan (mat them 203.5km" myc nudc tang Im), bdi lip cac dim pha hien dai, nguy co cao bi chgc thung dot nggt tai mgt sd vi tri xung ylu cua cac de cat (Hoa Duan, Tu Hien, Thuan An) Nhirng ket qua nghien ciru la ca sd quan trgng cho cdng tac quy hoach va quan ly ddi bd bien tinh Thira Thien Hue Tieng Anh Title: "ANALYSIS OF LANDFORM CHANGES AND NATURAL HAZARDS OF THUA THIENHUE COASTAL ZONE IMPACTED BY THE SEA-LEVEL RISE" - Proceedings of the Workshop ^The coastal area environment of Central Coastal Provinces " - Sumary: Thua Thien - Hue coastal zone has typical characteristic by the former lagoon plains and high sand dunes, and there are the narrow river mouths that are made smaller in the dry season by the development of tongue of sandbars With those characteristics, the risk of natural hazards, such as deep inundation, river and beach erosion, accretion is always high , and these problems will be more complex by the sea level rise The results from studying on the shoreline changes in recently and developed history of coastal zone landforms; from analyzing morphology of beaches, analyzing the landform change in coastal zone of Chatham (MassachuseUs) and assessing trend of landform change based on using coastal geomorphologic laws, Bruun model and applying GIS show that: 1) the beaches has been steep more and more since 1965 (from 0,001 up to 0,002); 2) trend of landform changes when the sea level is up more Im, including the erosion of beaches (300-500m towards continent), inundated by sea water (losses 203,5km in plain area), filling up current lagoons, and the suddenly break at vulnerable positions of sand dunes (Hoa Duan, Tu Hien, Thuan An ) These study results are the important document for planning and coastal zone management of Thua thien - Hue province SCIENTIFIC PROJECT BRANCH: (PHYSICS) PROJECT CATEGORY: (VNU LEVEL) Title: Studying, assessing the shoreline change of Thua Thien - Hue province for coastal zone management Code: QT 09.41 Managing Institution: Hanoi University of Science, VNU Implementing Institution: Faculty of Geography Collaborating Institutions: - Department of Geomorphology, Department of ELE, Faculty of Geography, HUS; - CARGIS centre, HUS Coordinator: Dr Nguyen Hieu Key implementors Dr Nguyen Hieu Duration: from 1/2010 to 12/2010 Budget: VNU (25,000,000 VND) 10 Main results: - Determined deadly the role of factors that influence on the formation of shoreline change in study area; - Determined the change of shoreline change in Thua Thien Hue coast during the periods 1965-1992, 1992-2000, 2000-2005 and from 2005 up to now based on application of GIS and use of satellite images; - Determined initially the trend of shoreline change and the potential of natural hazards in Thua Thien Hue coastal area under the impact of sea level rise; - Built map of shoreline change and map of potential natural hazard warning realated to the sealevel rise; - The project has a part in training a bachelor and published a scientific arcticle 11 Evaluation grade: PHIEU DANG KY KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU KH-CN Ten de tai (hoac dir an): Nghien curu, danh gia bien ddi dia hinh bd bien tinh Thira Thien Hue phuc vu quan ly ddi bd Ma so: QT.09.41 Cof quan chu tri de tai (hoac dir an): Khoa Dia ly, Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi Dja chi: 334 Nguydn Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Ngi Tel: 043 8581420 Co quan quan ly de tai (hoac du an): Trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Tu nhien, Dai hgc Qudc gia Ha Ngi Dia chi: 334 Nguydn Trai, Thanh Xuan, Ha Ngi Tel: 043 8584287 Tong kinh phi thuc chi: Trong do: - Tir ngan sach Nha nudc: - Kinh phi ciia trudng: 25.000.000 (hai muoi lam trieu dong chan) - Vay tin dung: - Vdn tired: - Thu hoi: Thdi gian nghien curu: nam Thdi gian bdt dau: 1.2009 Thdi gian ket thuc: 12.2009 Ten cac can bg phdi hgp nghien ciiru: - PGS.TS Vu Van Phai - CN Nguyen Thi Thanh Hai Sd dang ky de tai Sd chung nhan dang ky ket qua nghien cuu: Ngay: Bao mat: a Pho bien rgng rai: x b Pho bien ban che: c Bao mat: Tom tat ket qua nghien curu: - Phan tich va lam ro dugc vai trd cua cac nhan td anh hudng tdi sy bien ddi dia hinh bd biln tinh Thira Thien Hug; Xac dinh dugc hien trang va nguyen nhan bien ddng dja hinh bd biln tinh Thira Thien Hui cac thdi ki tir 1965-1989, 1989-1992, 1992-2001, 2001-2006 va 2006 din nay; Budc dau du bao dugc xu the phat trien va bien ddi dja hinh, ciing nhu cac tai biln thien nhien cd the phat sinh d ddi bd bien Hue dudi anh hudng ciia su thay ddi myc nudc dai duong; Ban bien ddi dudng bd cac thdi ki va ban dd nguy co tai biln biln ddi dja hinh d ddi bd dudi tac dgng ciia myc nudc bien dang; Dl tai gdp phan dao tao 01 cu nhan, cong bo 01 bai bao khoa hgc Kien nghi ve quy md va doi tuong ap dung nghien ciiru: C^n tie'p tuc nang cap de tai theo hudng de tai trgng diem ve nghien ciru giam thilu cac tai bien thien nhien d cac viing ven bien bdi canh bien doi khf hau toan cau Cd ke' hoach thong bao cac ket qua nghien cu'u da dat dugc tdi cac co quan chuyen mon ciia dia phuang va pho'i hgp vdi cac ca quan viec giai quyet cac nhiem vu cu thi va cap bach ciia dia phuang Chu nhiem de tai Ho ten Hgc ham hoc vi A ^^ T^ •^^W Thu trirong ca quan chu tri de tai Chu tich Hoi dong danh gia chinh thuc ^dnjlJoo Thii triromg co quan quan ly de tai fd^< Pre r r T-.GIAMO6C ^^•^-T^dNGBA^HOA HQC-CONG NGI? ^ ^wOMlCumCNG [^^^z\\\\Jf'^•f^•'^^ GSTSiy^^d^^ Wcu> ^ u ^ BAO CAO TOM TAT 2.1 Ten de tai Phan tich tinh da hinh di truyen he izozym cua cac nhom mdi gay hai (de dieu, nha cira, cay trdng ), gdp phan xac dinh su da dang sinh hoc va phan loai chung Masd: QTOl-41 2.2 Chu tri de tai: Thac sy Chu van Man 2.3 Cac can bo phdi hop: PGS.TS Trinh Dinh Dat, CN.Nguyln Thi Thu Hien, Th.S.Nguyln Van Sang, Th.S.Dinh Nho Thai, CN.Nguyln Van Quang 2.4 Muc tieu va noi dung nghien curu: * Xac dinh tfnh bien di cua he izozym esteraza thong qua phan tfch cac alen CLia mdi locut izozym esteraza * Phan tich khoang each di truyen giira cac quSn the va cac loai mdi * Gdp phan vao viec phan loai mdi d Viet Nam 2.5 Cac ket qua dat duoc: - Sir dung phuang phap dien di tren gel polyacrylamid ciia CA Green (1990) va phan tich ket qua dien di bang phan mem NTSYS tren may vi tfnh PC da thu dugc ket qua dien di d hai loai mdi Macrotermes annandalei va Odontotermes yunnanensis vl he izozym esteraza la rat da hinh - Loai Odontotermes yunnanensis thu thap d Cue phuang cd locut gen vdi alen dong trgi quy dinh, quan the cu tni tai Xuan Mai cung cd locut gen vdi alen ddng trgi - Loai Macrotermes annandalei: mSu thu thap tai Cue Phuang cd locut gen vdi alen; mSu thu thap tai Xuan Mai cd lociit gen vdi alen; mSu thu thap tai Tam Dao thi cd locut gen vdi alen - Phan tfch ke't qua dien di bang chuang trinh NTSYS cho thay he so tuctng dong di truyin (NEI72) giiJa hai gidng Macrotermes va Odontotermes la ra't thap (1= 0,3) Ket qua cung cho thay he sd tuang dong di truyin giua hai qudn thi Macrotermes annandalei a hai vung sinh thai khac (rCrng qudc gia Cue Phuang va viang ddi Xuan Mai) kha cao (1=0,88), tuang ung vdi khoang each di truyen D la 0,143 Dieu chiing td bien di vdn gen di truyin cua hai qudn the ra't ro ret - Bai bao da cong bd: 01 bai - Dao tao: 01 cir nhan 2.6 Tinh hinh kinh phi cua de tai: Tong kinh phi dugc cap: Thue khoan chuyen mon, thii lao: Mua hoa chat nghien cixu: Quan ly hanh chinh va chi phf khac: Cdng Da quyet toan xong nam 2002 8000000 ddng 4800000 ddng 3000000 dong 200000 dong 000 000 dong BCN Khoa Chii tri de tai " ^ /^(U^^ " Z l ^ /VW/uW Chu Van Man Ca quan chu tri de tai ^U TRUONC? Branch: Biology Project: Using izozym to analyse the genetical polymorphism of the termite damaging the housing, dyke, tree etc, in oder to contribute exactly their classification and to conservet their biodiverty Numerical code: Q T O l - 4 Supervising agency: VNU Responsible agency: Hanoi university of science Combined agency: Main responsible: Ms Chu Van Man Combined responsible: Dr Trinh Dinh Dat, Bs Nguyen Thi Thu Hien, Ms.Nguyen Van Sang, Ms.Dinh Nho Thai, Bs.Nguyen Van Quang Implementing period: from 2001 to 2002 10 The target of project: 11 Abstract of the content and the result: - Result of Science and Technology: The esterase isosyme system of two termite species annandalei and Odontotemes yunnanensis from different Macrotermes location were analyzed NTSYS software was used for eletromorph in polyacrylamide gel The result showed that: The electromorph of esterase isosyme system was polymorphic The Cucphuong population of Odontotemes yunnanensis had loci with dominant alleles; the Xuanmai population of Odontotemes yunnanensis also had loci with dominant alleles respectively The Cucphuong population of Macrotermes annandalei with loci, alleles; the Xuanmai population Macrotermes annandalei with loci, alleles; the Tamdao population of Macrotermes annandalei with loci, alleles were shown correlatively The genetic identity (I) between Macrotermes and Odontotermes genera was small (I = 0.3) and the genetic identity between the Cucphuong and Xuanmai Macrotermes annandalei populations was 0.88 (I = 0.88) This result showed that the esteraza isosyme system of those two termites species was different - Result of training: 01 Bachelor degree - To contruct the material and technical bases - Practical application possibility: Contribution to termite identification in Vietnam - Publication: 01 paper L I M DAU Mdi la cdn trung xa hdi cd y nghia dac biet quan trgng Nhieu cong trinh kien true, kho tang, de dap, cay trdng bi mdi pha hoai gay thiet hai hang ty ddng n^n kinh te' qudc dan Thanh phdn loai mdi d cac vdng khac tren cac ddi tugng kinh te' khac thi ra't khac nhau, Cdng viec diet mdi bang phuang phap sinh hgc ddi hdi phai cd nhirng kien thirc phan loai chfnh xac khdng gidng nhu diet mdi bang hoa cha't ddc Cac loai ddng hinh nhdm cdn trimg la kha bien, vf du nhu mudi Anopheles minimus Anopheles maculatus, rudi Drosophila v.v Neu sir dung da'u hieu hinh thai de phan loai nhieu trudng hgp mgt sd nha phan loai hgc da nham ISn xep nhieu loai khac vao mgt loai vi hinh dang ben ngoai cua chung ra't gidng Trudng hgp vdi hg Rhinotermitidae cua mdi cung cd tinh trang tuang tu Cac loai ddng hinh thudng gap trudng hgp cac loai khac chie'm cac sinh thai gidng vay khdng the hien rd su phan hoa ve mat hinh thai Trong qua trinh nghien cdxi cd quan nifm khac ve loai da dSn de'n mau Ihudn ve ke't qua phan loai Ne'u xet cac loai tren theo quan diem di truyen thi Loai la tap hgp nhirng ca the da dugc hinh qua trinh phat trien tie'n hoa, cd chung ngudn gdc, cd dac diem chung ve kieu hinh va kieu gen, cd kha nang giao phdi sinh huu thu va di truyin tfnh dac trung cua loai qua nhieu the he Theo quan diem thi cac loai ddng hinh chfnh la cac loai ddc lap Nhung neu ta xet cac loai theo hinh thai thi cac loai phan biet dugc vdi khong phai bang tinh cha't bat thu lai chiing vdi hoac each ly sinh san giira cac quan the ma chfnh bang cac dac diem sai khac hinh thai ben ngoai O day ta thay ro cd su ban che ciia phuang phap phan loai khong mang ban cha't di truyen nhu su sai khac vdi cac chi tieu di thudng hoac sai khac biet hoa gidi tfnh Mat khac cac loai khac mang ban chat di truyen khac Trudng hgp thudng tha'y d cac loai ddng hinh, thuc te phan bd cua cac loai ddng hinh khong phai ludn tach biet ma chiing cd the dugc phan bd ra't gan tham chf chiing cd the ciing tdn tai mot khu vuc nha't dinh Dilu dd cd the tha'y d loai An.Culicifacies Phiic loai gdm hai loai ddng hinh dugc phan bd d hai huyen ke' can thudc An Do va nam hai viing dd tinh hinh sdt ret khac ban Xuat phat tir dieu mau thuSn tren, gan day cac nha khoa hgc da tap trung nghien cun phu:c loai Anopheles theo khia canh di truy6n hgc bang each su dung phuang phap di truyin va sinh hoa nhim tim hilu ban cha't cac chi tieu hinh thai qua dd xac dinh dugc da'u chudn di truyin Mdt ca sd ciia cac nghien cdu la dua vao dinh nghia loai theo hudng dich tl hgc ciia Paterson-1963: Loai la nhirng nhdm ca the cd chung mdt quy gen tu nhien Dac diem sinh hgc cua quy gen se quye't dinh kha nang truyin benh cua cac ca the cdn triing Cac quy dinh phdng trijr phai true tie'p chdng cac ca the cd chiia cac quye't dinh truyin benh vdn gen Cho tdi nay, cac nha phan loai diu tha'y su cdn thie't cua viec sir dung phuang phap va ky thuat mdi de nghien cun phdn loai Cac phuang phap da va dang dugc tien hanh d nhilu nudc tren the' gidi va da dat dugc nhiing ket qua rdt tdt Thuc te' cho thay bien di dien di la phuang phap tdt vl mat di truyin de phan tfch cac vien mdt loai cdn triing tren ca sd phan tfch tdn sd alen ciia cac he izozym [1] O Viet Nam cho de'n chua cd mgt nghien ciJu nao dang ke phan tich tdn sd alen cua cac he izozym ap dung phan loai mdi Vi vay chiing tdi lua chgn de tai: " Phdn tich tinh da hinh di truyen he izozym cua cdc nhdm moi gdy hai (de dieu, nhd ciia, cdy ), gdp phdn xdc dinh su da dang sinh hgc vd phdn loai chiing ", nhdm: o Xac dinh tinh bie'n di cua mgt sd he izozym thong qua phan tich cac alen cua mdi locut izozym o Phan tich khoang each di truyin giira cac qudn the va cac loai mdi o Gdp phdn vao viec phan loai mdi d Viet Nam NOI DUNG CHINH 4.1 Tong quan tai lieu 4,1,1 Tinh hinh nghien cim enzym a triing Trong ra't nhilu trudng hgp viec nghien ciin cac loai cdn triing y hgc bi can trd bdi nhung khd khan vl phan loai hgc Bdi vi cac ddn lieu hinh thai khdng dii de phan biet cac loai ddng hinh hay cac vien cua phiic loai Vf du phiic loai An.gambiae bao gdm ft nhat loai vien va d mgt vai nai tren luc dia chau Phi, mdt vai loai la khdng the phan biet dugc vdi vl cac dac dilm hinh thai, nhung chung lai khac ro ret vdi tu each la vecta truyin benh Cac ket qua nghien ciin so sanh hinh thai cac cau tir dien di cac enzym giiJa cac loai vien da cho tha'y viec sir dung cac ddn lieu dien di cd rdt nhilu triln vgng de giai quye't cac khd khan tren Saul va cdng su (1977)[13] da sir dung ke't qua dien di enzym Alcohol dehydrogenaze (ADH) de nhan biet cac loai Culex quinquefasciatus va Culex pipiens dugc dac trung bdi cac cau tir dien di ky hieu la Q va P Tsukamoto va Horio (1987) so sanh dien di malic enzym d 65 loai phu cua mudi d Nhat Ban da phat hien su khac vl tdc di chuyen ciia cac ca'u tir dien di ME d cac loai nghien ciiu Green va cdng su (1990)[11] tren ca sd cac ddn lieu da hinh cua locut enzym da dua cac bang chiing di truyen de xac dinh cac vien A,B, C, D ciia phiic loai An.dirus d Thai Lan Khi sir dung tdn sd alen cua cac locut EST va Tetrazolium oxydase de nhan bie't cac vien A, B, C va merus cua phiic loai An gambiae, Mahon va cdng su (1976) da chi rdng neu phdi hgp tdn sd ciia ca locut EST ciia mdi loai thi cd thi nhan bie't chfnh xac tdi thieu la 0.9533 Bang phuang phap dien di nghien ciiu sd he izozym d An.minimus cac nha nghien ciiu d Viet Nam cho thdy he izozym cua phiic loai cd he izozym la da hinh Trong he tren thi ODH va MPI cd the sir dung de phan biet mgt sd vien phiic hgp loai Tren ca sd ket hgp vdi ket qua nghien cun te' bao, hinh thai cd the xac dinh ft nhat loai phu'c loai An.minimus a Viet Nam Da sd nhirng bie'n di sinh hoa d nhirng qudn the nghien ciiu la 10