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Ministry of Education and Training t to University of Economics Hochiminh City hi ng _ ep n w lo ad yi ju y th pl n ua al n va CHANTHAVONG SOMSANOUK tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb “Maternal Education, Women’s Access to Information and Childhood k jm Development: A Case of Lao PDR” gm om l.c an Lu n va y te re MASTER DEGREE THESIS IN ECONOMICS HOCHIMINH CITY, VIETNAM Ministry of Education and Training t to University of Economics Hochiminh City hi ng _ ep n w lo ad CHANTHAVONG SOMSANOUK ju y th yi “Maternal Education, Women’s Access to Information and Childhood pl n ua al Development: A Case of Lao PDR” n va tz n oi m ll fu z ht vb jm MAJOR: ECONOMICS OF DEVELOPMENT k (Research-Oriented Programme) gm om l.c CODE: 8310105 an Lu n va MASTER DEGREE IN ECONOMICS y HOCHIMINH CITY, VIETNAM te re ACADAMIC ADVISOR: VO TAT THANG DECLARATION t to hi ng I certify that, All contents of this dissertation have never been submitted for any other ep degree and has never been currently submitted for any other degree I certify that, to the best of my knowledge and helps from the advisor in preparing this dissertation n w and all sources used, have been acknowledged in this dissertation.” lo ad y th yi ju Signature pl n ua al n va CHANTHAVONG SOMSANOUK tz n oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb gm om l.c an Lu n va y te re iii t to hi ng ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ep First and foremost, I would like to express my highest appreciation for my thesis supervisor Dr Vo Tat Thang for his valuable suggestions and encouragements during n w my study and doing research at the University of Economics Hochiminh City (UEH) lo ad My highest gratitude also goes to all instructors, lecturers who provide me valuable y th ju knowledge especially Prof Dr Pham Khanh Nam who compliments and provides yi best viewpoints on my thesis proposal; my friends in class who are actively discussed pl n ua al and commented on my thesis My research would not have been possible without the permission from UNDP’s n va survey data who formally provided data needed for the qualitative analysis part which fu m ll are indeed valuable information that useful in this study tz n oi My best sincere appreciation also goes to the People’s committee of Hochiminh city who provide and grant aid as exchange scholarship, especially the Lao student z Dormitory in Hochiminh City where provide facilities and the best living condition vb during my study I also would like to express my best gratitude to the Postgraduate ht k gm providing guidelines during my study in UEH jm Institute of University of Economics Hochiminh City that helps facilitate and om l.c Finally, my heartfelt gratitude goes to my parents, sibling, wife and the dearest three sons of mine for support, love and encouragement, this dissertation is dedicated to an Lu them n va y te re C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an t to TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATION iii hi ng ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ep TABLE OF CONTENT v LIST OF TABLES vii n w LIST OF FIGURES viii lo ad List of abbreviations ix y th Abstract .x ju yi Introduction pl 1.1 Research Problem .1 n ua al 1.2 Some fact on Lao social, economic Status n va 1.2.1 Government policy on gender 1.2.2 Mechanism fu m ll 1.2.3 Education policy toward women empowerment n oi 1.2.4 Government policy on education tz 1.2.5 Literacy status of Lao people .7 1.3 Research objective and Research question .11 z ht vb 1.4 Scope of the Study 12 jm 1.5 Contribution 12 k 1.6 Thesis structure .12 gm Chapter 1: Literature review 14 om l.c 1.1 Theoretical background 14 1.2 Empirical review .18 Lu 1.2.1 The impact of maternal education on early childhood development .21 an n va 1.2.2 The role of mother’s education and women access to information impact on early childhood development 24 Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn y Chapter 2: Research Methodology and Data Resources 27 te 1.3 Summary 25 re 1.2.3 The effect of development economics on health .24 C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 2.1 Conceptual framework 27 t to 2.2 Analytical model and data processing: 31 hi ng 2.2.1 Model .31 ep 2.2.2 Estimation method 34 2.2.3 Variable definitions 34 n w 2.3 Data: 40 lo ad 2.3.1 LSIS I .40 y th 2.3.2 LSIS II 43 yi ju Chapter Empirical result .45 pl 3.1 Data description 45 n ua al 3.2 Emperial result 47 3.2.1 Maternal education and early childhood development 49 n va 3.2.2 Women access to information and early childhood development 49 m ll fu 3.2.3 Regional Effect 49 3.2.4 Wealth Quintile Index 50 n oi 3.2.5 Ethnicity effect 50 tz 3.2.6 Clean water using and toilet using 50 z 3.2.7 Household Member and number of children under 51 vb ht 3.2.8 Age of mother 51 k jm 3.2.9 Child’s gender: 51 gm Chapter Conclusion 52 om l.c 4.1 Conclusions .52 4.2 Policy implications 53 Lu 4.3 Limitation of the study 53 an REFERENCES I n va APPENDIX IV y te re Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an LIST OF TABLES t to hi ng Table1.1: Attendance of students by Education Level in 2014-2015 ep Table 1.2: Mean primary school enrollment rates (in %) for children aged 6-12 (2002- n w 2003) lo ad Table 2.1 Detail description of the variables y th Table 3.1 Descriptive statistic of variables used in the regression model yi ju Table 3.2 Logit estimation result pl n ua al Table 3.3 Average Marginal Effect result n va tz n oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb gm om l.c an Lu n va y te re Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an LIST OF FIGURES t to hi ng ep The diagrams for the determinants for early childhood development The Development progress of children in different age ranges n w lo ad yi ju y th pl n ua al n va tz n oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb gm om l.c an Lu n va y te re Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an List of abbreviations t to hi ng ep The Convention of the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination CRC: Right of the Child ECD: Early Childhood Development CEDAW: n w Lao PDR: lo ad LWU: Lao Women’s Union y th GRID: Lao People’s Democratic Republic Gender Resource Information and Development Center ju yi Lao NCAW: Lao National Commission for Advancement of Women pl n ua al n va tz n oi m ll fu z k jm ht vb gm om l.c an Lu n va y te re Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an Abstract t to Maternal Education, Women’s Access to Information and Childhood Development: hi ng A Case of Lao PDR ep Chanthavong Somsanouk The Lao People Democratic Republic (PDR), a transitional economy, and one of least n w developed economics in Southeast Asia region, After its opening the country and an lo ad economic pathway of its development following the semi-market economy system, y th the GDP of Laos during last decade growth with an average rate of 7%, which is a yi ju high rate compared to many countries in the region In the long run, to guarantee the pl sustainable growth and development of the country, to raise the productivity, the need n ua al for human resource becomes one of the main focuses in the 8th Social Economic Development Plan This paper examines the impact of maternal education and n va women’s access to information on probability of the outcomes of early childhood fu m ll development as expectedly that the healthier children will eventually to provide n oi higher labor productivity and guarantee the sustainable development of the country tz By using the Logit regression model, the measurement of health status of children called Early Childhood Development (ECD) this fills the gaps and make it more z diversity in research on the determinant of the child’s health vb jm ht The result of the study shows that maternal education is confirmed to have a positive k effect on children well being Children whose his or her mother has more years of gm school are more likely to be properly developed At the same time, Women access to om l.c information also found to have a positive effect with a satisfactory level of statistical significance for the likeliness that her children are properly developed an Lu The suggestions on implication of the theoretical and the finding of the research are the scientifically advanced for the policy makers for setting up guidelines for n va sustainable development strategies, particularly in aspect of women and child y Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn te Key words: Maternal Education, Women’s access to Information, Early Childhood Development, Lao PDR re empowerment through education and access to information C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 44 The survey also sampled men (age 15-49), but required only a subsample All men (age 15-49) were identified in every other household 12,694 men (age 15-49 years) were t to listed in the household questionnaires Questionnaires were completed for 12,017 hi ng eligible men, which corresponds to a response rate of 95 percent within eligible interviewed households ep There were 11,812 children under age five listed in the household questionnaires n w Questionnaires were completed for 11,720 of these children, which corresponds to a lo ad response rate of 99 percent within interviewed households y th ju A sub-sample of children 5-17 years were used to administer the questionnaire for yi children of 5-17 years Only one child has been selected randomly in each household pl n ua al interviewed, and there were 31,339 children (5-17 years) listed in the household questionnaires Of these, 15,494 children (5-17 years) were selected, and questionnaires m ll fu the interviewed households n va were completed for 15,435 which correspond to a response rate of 99.6 percent within n oi In this research, the combination two sets of the data on Early Childhood tz Development from LSIS I and LSIS II are used to make the larger samples Children at age between 2-4 years are the main targets, detail as table below: z k jm ht vb gm 2-4 years Male LSIS I 4426 2269 om l.c Number of children LSIS II 4881 2499 2381 Total 9307 4768 2538 Female 2157 an Lu n va y te re Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 45 Chapter Empirical result t to 3.1 Data description hi ng In this study dataset is obtained from the MICS, which are the collected set of data from ep MICS and MICS6 MICS5 is the survey completed in the year 2011-2012; MICS6 is the survey completed in the year 2016-2017 n w Total number of children age ranges from 2-5 years, in the collection of two lo ad times of surveys is 8.269 children, 4.080 are female child Variables Means Standard yi ju y th Table 3.1: Descriptive statistic for variables used in the regression model Min Max pl Deviation n ua al Dependent Variable 1 1334659 8790664 m ll DM2 98186 DM3 3260698 DM4 9494498 2190907 4145833 tz 220462 n oi DM1 3528516 fu 854275 n va ECD Independence variable 3.838076 ACINFOR 5158438 4997857 MAGE 29.49825 6.523034 15 CHGEN 5065909 4999868 CLEANWT 7360019 4408249 HHMEM 6.409602 2.690935 34 UNDER5 1.61652 8029776 ht n va y te re Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn an Khmer Lu 2: Mon- 49 om l.c 1: Lao-Tai k 0: Other Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn jm ETNGROUP 24 vb 6.108598 gm z MEDU C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an 46 Hmongmien t to Chines-T hi ng WINDEX poorest ep Second Middle n w Upper lo Richest ad 7555932 4297609 1 North pl REGION yi ju y th OWNLPLOT n ua al Central n oi m ll fu Dependent Variable: n va Number of Observation: 8.269 South tz Early childhood development: in the sample, there are 8.269 observations, while those are properly developed are 7.082 people, or about 85,65%, this shows that in entire view most of Lao children are properly developed z jm ht vb Domain 1: Literacy and Numeracy: out of 8.268 children, there are only 1.823 children are properly developed, while another 77,95% are poorly developed k Domain 2: Physical: almost all children have proper physical development, only 1% found to be poorly developed gm om l.c Domain 3: approaches to learning: there are over 7000 children are properly developed, only 5% are found to be poorly developed Lu an Domain 4: Social-Emotional Development: children who are not properly developed account for only 15% out of the whole samples n va Independent variables: y Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhd 77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77t@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn.Stt.010.Mssv.BKD002ac.email.ninhddtt@edu.gmail.com.vn.bkc19134.hmu.edu.vn te re School year of mother school: the highest level of school is 22 years, while the lowest is no illiteracy mother The total number of mothers in the sample is 5,693 persons, in average Lao mother give birth to 1.45 children And most of the mothers are primary school graduate which is accounted for 1,491 persons gh p ie C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an w C.33.44.55.54.78.65.5.43.22.2.4 22.Tai lieu Luan 66.55.77.99 van Luan an.77.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.37.99.44.45.67.22.55.77.C.33.44.55.54.78.655.43.22.2.4.55.22 Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an.Tai lieu Luan van Luan an Do an n a lo d ju y th 47 yi pl n ua al 3.2 Emperial result Table 3.2 Logit estimation result DM1 (P-value) DM2 (P-value) DM3 (P-value) DM4 (P-value) 0513*** 7830*** 0158** -.1680* (0.000) (0.000) (0.006) (0.016) 0082 2680 -.0346 -.1689 (0.854) (0.396) (0.258) (0.623) 0101 3538* 0061 -.3392* (0.692) (0.041) (0.641) (0.032) 0191 0396 0167* -.2333* (0.144) (0.696) (0.041) (0.014) (0.259) (0.198) (0.030) (0.599) -.1119 1733 -.0820*** 0303 (0.270) (0.136) (0.000) (0.622) -.5265 -.0737 -.0146 -.2954 (0.302) (0.852) (0.844) (0.249) -.0191 -.1073 -.0474 -.0732 (0.918) (0.574) (0.156) (0.526) 2288 1847 -.0045 0496 (0.062) (0.193) (0.854) (0.549) 6472 2733 5214 -.3181 (0.177) (0.569) (0.290) (0.555) 7009 6372 1663 4215 (0.142) (0.186) (0.735) (0.432) 1.2191** 7274 8950 (omitted) (0.005) (0.089) (0.059) 7089 5400 8341 0211 (0.116) (0.236) (0.077) (0.967) -.3001* 0335 (0.013) (0.811) -.3261*** -.6464*** (0.000) (0.000) (0.005) (0.000) 0591 5817*** (0.601) (0.000) k m 2.0860 (0.056) 9770 (0.363) 1.9136 (0.113) gm (0.467) (0.390) an n y te re ac th -.0235 (0.880) -.1969 (0.279) -.3130 (0.122) -.3704 (0.108) -.0961 (0.412) 7095 (0.191) Prob > chi2 = 0.0001 Obs = 4,720 si -.1051 (0.586) 5486* (0.046) 7441* (0.035) 9366* (0.019) 0405 (0.842) 2.7401*** (0.000) Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Obs = 4,688 va 0887 (0.831) 3494 (0.583) -.3285 (0.608) 9901 (0.240) 3901 (0.331) 4.6095 (0.004) Prob > chi2 =0.0037 Obs = 4,614 -.6258** -.8128*** Lu 3553 4004 om l.c 0977 (0.468) 6434*** (0.000) 8754*** (0.000) 1.199*** (0.000) -.0943 (0.246) -2.543*** (0.000) Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Obs = 4,720 j ht vb cd -.1824 (0.184) 0162 (0.926) -.0406 (0.841) 1028 (0.666) -.0220 (0.854) 9536 (0.093) Prob > chi2 = 0.0000 Obs = 4,720 Note: *p
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