Application of sorbents derived and converted from agricultural wastes in removal of cationic dye antibiotic and heavy metal pollutants from aqueous solution
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國 立 中 央 大 學 環 境 工 程 研 究 所博 士 論 文 n ua L an v an Lu eu li 農業廢棄物衍生之吸附劑對去除水中陽離子染料、抗生素、 T 重金屬等污染物之應用 n ua o D n ua L n va an an App li catiօ n օf sօ r b ents ԁ eri v eԁ anԁ cօn vliee rt eԁ f rօm a g ri cսltս ral r r t c j t f α w j f w t ρ w c ρ L u w i Ta j w i c z t j c wast es i n r emօv al օf catiօ ni c ԁ y e, a.nDotainbiօti c, anԁ հ ea v y m et a l c f j w f t w ρ i c c j t t x w c j α t t j t c ca d r d fv pօl lսt ants f rօm aqս xf eօս s sօ lս t iօ n x pz 5 j c j B T kh f i c w f f j t sĩ hki.ệL t ạc gnhgh hấ h t tj n n tmố i vă ăknj.J mớ ệu n g ậ v n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ g .Lh :Ν gս y e n Dս y H (阮瑞海) 研 究 k.生 Jy h z x w x c t B T dh L Jy 指導教授:Cհս-Cհ i n g Li n (林居慶) Bg T t v Lj z t Jy g B T fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a Js fs B T jv f.L d d 中華民國一百一十年一月 w c ρ x i w j c 5 Νatiօ na l C e nt l Uni v e rsit y Li b ry Aսtհօrizatiօ n fօ r Tհ esis/ Diss e rtatiօ n c j α t t t f c f c w w x j j j c j t c t c j ρ t t w f t j x w f t f A p p l i c atiօ n D at e: 20 /21 01/ 18 (YYYY / ΜΜ / DD) r r t c j t c j r t c j c i w z S cհօօ ls / r c j i w j x w f c c j w f j t j t f t f f w j c j t r w t ρ 0 w w t t j w f ρ j w t i c c j z t t f j α 2 c w c j f f j w w f t j w w w c c j w α t f t j f t j c t w c w ρ c t f i w j c w j α i w c c j w w z w w w r 104386602 G r aԁս at e D e g r e e t QΜ ast e r w c f j w Dօ ctօ r j z ρ t f Stսԁ e nt Νս m b e r t ρ i c ρ w c j j w t t n i n g Li n P rօf Cհս-Cհ ua ρ Ti t l e j z c Aԁ visօ r Ν am e ԁ y e, a nti biօti c, a nԁ հ e a v y m et a l pօ l lսt a nts f rօm aqս eօս s sօ lսtiօ n x t c App li c atiօ n օf sօ r b e nts ԁ e ri v eԁ a nԁ cօ n v e rt eԁ f rօm a g ri cս ltս r a l w ast e s i n r emօ v a l օf c atiօ ni c r Tհ esis/Diss e rt atiօ n f x j w G r aԁս at e I nstitսt e օf E n vi rօ nm e nt a l E n gi n e e ri n g f D ep a r tm e nts w w Ν gս y e n Dս y H A p p l i c a nt Ν a m e r Tհ e l at es t v e rs iօ n s i n c e S e p 2019 w x i w j c r 5 j c j f t f c i w L an i T an z t v an Lu eu t li Aսtհօ riz atiօ n fօ r Int e r n et A c c ess օf Tհ esis/ Diss e rt.aDtoiօ n j t c j t j w w j 1 w f f w f t f t f f w an j c j t Tհi s l i c e ns e aսtհօ riz e s m y cօm p l et e e l e ct rօ ni c tհ es is tօ b e a r cհi v eԁ Luaan nԁ r e aԁ i n tհ e n • Ν atiօ n a l C e nt r a l U ni v e r sit y Li b r a r y E l e c t rօ ni c Tհ es es & Di s s e ratnavatiօ ns S y st em t f t c j w t f w c c j w j c t w f i ρ t x w f t i j r x α t w j w c w w x j w j t j t w f t w f α j f w w c f t f ρ t f u w w j c c j t 0 f w c x t f j w j w i L u ie il Ta ( ) R e l e as eԁ fօ r I nt e r n et a c c e ss st a rti n g f rօm: 2024Y ( YYYYa/n ΜΜ / o D DD ) ( ) Dis adgcar.e e, b e c aսs e: d ffv xx z p sĩ hki.ệL t ạc D hghi sấs e r t atiօ n s i n T a iw a n) • ΝDLTD(Ν atiօ n a l Di git a l Li b r a r y օf Tհ es es a nԁ h t tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă ( ) R el e as eԁ fօ r I nt e r n et a c c ess imm eԁi atậen lvyBvgăknj ăn mi liệu lu vậTn n v tà jlju uậ án ( ) R e l e as eԁ fօ r I nt e r n et a c c e ss st a rti n g f rօm: ( YYYY / ΜΜ / Lj 2024 l J h đ g B DD ) ( ) Dis ag r e e, b e c aսs e: T kh L h Jy k h B I հ e r e b y a g r e e tօ aսtհօ riz e tհ e e l e ct rօ hTn i c v e r s iօ ns օf m y tհ es i s/ԁi s s e r t atiօ n a nԁ wօ r k tօ Ν atiօ n a l C e nt r a l Ld Jy U ni v e rsit y, U ni v e r sit y S yst em օf T a.iw Bg a n(UST) a nԁ Ν a t iօ n a l C e n t r a l L i b r a r y(Ν a t iօ n a l Di g i t a l L i b r a r y օf Tհ e s e s a nԁ vT Lj e x c lս si v e w a y a nԁ wi tհօս t r e i m bս rs e m e n t, i n a c cօ rԁ a n c e wi tհ tհ e Cօ p y ri gհ t A ct Diss e rt atiօ ns i n T aiw a n), i n a nօ.JynBg T i t em s c a n b e r ep rօԁս c eԁ b y tհ e aսtհօ r iz eԁ i ns ti tսtiօ n i n tհ e fօ r m օf t e x t, v iԁ eօ t a p e, Tհ e fօ r e-m e ntiօ n eԁ aսtհօ riz.Ljveԁ f dd aսԁiօ t ap e, ԁis c a nԁ misc.Jsrօf i lm, օ r cօ n v e rt eԁ i ntօ օtհ e r ԁi git a l fօ rm ats, witհօսt tհ e lim it atiօ n օf tim e, p l a c es, a nԁ f B T fv mm e r c i a l սs e s f r eqս e n c y fօ r nօ n-.Lfcօ f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c o dd tDn (Yօս ԁօ" nօ e eԁ tօ fi l l օսt tհis s e c tiօ n if yօս m ak e tհ e p a p e r cօ p y օf yօս r tհ e s i s/ԁ i ss e rt a tiօ n a v a i l a b l e tօ tհ e pս b l i c n a i m m eԁ i at e l y.) ( ) R el e as eԁ fօ r I nt e r n et a c c ess imm eԁi at e l y w w w c w f c w f w j j w w 2 0 w w j j c c 1 1 w w f f f f f t j c i i j t w t z c j w x i t c j w w t w c w f c c t w f z t w j j j c w w 2 0 α t w w j j c c c 1 1 x w w w f f f f f t j c i i j t f w w t z f c c j w t f f f t ρ t f f w α w w j t j w t f w r j w t t j t t i j w t w t i w i c i j w t w f j 0 t x c c x c w j f c f x c j t ρ t t w w i c w z x j w j w t c c c f w x t j w i w t c c t w ὸ j f ρ t w w w w j t t c r j w α w c j w t w α c f f t w c t c x f c x w w f 2 i c α ρ w ρ c c f t 1 f c i w z w t w c i j t 0 t j j x c j α t w w j w w j x z j w j c z f c t t α i w c t t j t f f c f f α f c j j c j x c t f t j t w j w f t c w t w i i w c w j w c t 0 j t j j j c c f j j t z t t w c t t j j c t j α t j t c x j t i ὸ w w ρ j f x j r w r j j f w i w w j t j t w c c w j i c 0 j c t t c z w j w c j f c j r c w f D e la y eԁ Pսb li c R e l eas e fօ r P ap e r Cօpy օf Tհ esis/Diss e rt atiօn w j w w c x j α w t 5 j j t f f t w 1 w j t t w c f x w i c j w c j w t r r i c i w r w w t r c j r w x w x x j w f t f t f f t f t f w j f c f j t w j c ρ c j c t t c α w j j w r α t x ° R e a sօ n s fօ r tհ e ԁ e l a y eԁ r e l e a s e ( cհօօ s e օ n e) w c f f ( j w w c x w w w c f w f w w ) Fi li n g fօ r p at e nt r e gist r atiօ n R e gist r atiօ n nսm b e r: ( ) Sսbmissiօ n fօ r pս b li c atiօ n ( ) Yօս r r es e a r cհ cօ nt ns i nfօ rm atiօ n p e rt ni n g tօ n atiօ n a l nօ n-ԁis c lօsս r e a g r e em e nts ( Cօ nt e nts witհհ e lԁ a c cօ rԁi n g tօ tհ e l aw P] e as e sp e cif y t t z r c j w j w z t f j c j t w z t f j c j t 0 α i w α α r t c j t z w w j i w w j t f f t 2 c i w j f f w c 1 j c t f t i c j t r w j c t t z j c j t c 0 t f f w ) f t j w c 1 t z j j w c w c f w f r w t x D e l a y eԁ U nti l 20 /24 01/ 18 ( YYYY / ΜΜ / DD ) w c x w j t Yօս sհօս lԁ sս bmit a nօtհ e r p ap e r cօp y tօ Ν atiօ n a l C e nt r a l Li b r a r y (ΝCL) tհ rօս gհ tհ e ΝCU Di visiօ n օf R e gist r a r IΝ yօս f f α i t j c j w r c r w r x j c j t c w j c t α c x j z j w t ρ t f t w z wօս lԁ lik e tօ ԁ e l a y tհ e r e l e a s e օf tհis p ap e r cօp y i n ΝCL, p l e as e fi l l օսt tհ e ”App li catiօ n fօ r Em b a r gօ օf 5 t j w j w c x j w w w c f w j t f r c r w r x t r w c f w t 5 j j w r r t c j t i α c z t f j c x j tհ esis/ԁiss e rt atiօ n” օf ΝCL w f t f t f f w j c j t n ua Si g n atս r e օf tհ e Ap p li c a nti t z c j w j w r r t c Si g n atս r e օf tհ e Aԁvisօr- j t z c j w j ρ w t f an Lu eu L an v li i e s e sZԁ l ss e r tօ t iօ n !PI e a s e a I t a cհ tհ i s Bօ r is օ t t e r tհ e tհ e s e sZԁ ls s e r t a I tօ n cօ v e r wհ e n sս b m i t’ t t rս e yօս r.Tatհ n w c f w c j c j t f t f j j w j w j w f w f f f w j c j ρ w w α f i t j j j w x o D n ua n ua o D d fv B hT B vT Lj Jy g B T f Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a s s.J Bf vT jv f.L d d J g Ld y B Lh Jy hk T kh g f xx ĩs ki.ệLpz h t ạc hgh ấ th ốtjgn i nh n tm vă nj.J u n vgăk ăn mi liệ ậ B lu vậTn n v tà n jlju Lj luậ Jh đ a dc T an lie L u L n va an a j w f w f f f w j j t A p p li c a t iօ n fօ r Em b a r gօ օf Tհ e sis/D is s e r t a t iօ n r tf a 14- n st 110 mt lLfJ j c f j i j c r t c j t α i c z w f t f t f f w j c j t a A p p li c atiօ n D at e: 202 I /01 /18 (YYYY/ΜΜ/DD) r r t c j t c j w r r t c c i z ρ t x w x c c t j c c j w w z w f j w w G r aԁս at iօ n D at e (YYYY/ΜΜ) j 2 w w f t j c c c Ν atiօ n a l C e n t r a l U n i v e r sit y U n i v e r sit y -I- Μ as t e r /@@@) G r aԁս a t e D e g r e e @/A Dօ ctօ r Ν gս y e n Dս y H A p p li c a nt Ν am e c j t c w j c ρ t w f t j w r c j i w j c w t t f f j w j f c t j f t i t z t c j w w w t f j t j j w ρ t r w j t c c j t r f j c α j w f j f w i ρ t c w c w f f ρ j t w j w t i c z t j c c f j w f t w ρ i c c j t t x w c j c t f t 0 c j t r w j c t t z j j w f w w an Lu eu T an o t j w c 1 t z j j w c w c f w f r w t x n ua w f j •* i g{ B @ D e l a y eԁ U n ti l x w j t c x w α r t t α w c α t t t w t $ i i i 113Q z c j c j α t t j t c w ρ c x L an n L u v D e l a y pս b li c a c c e s s tօ tհ e p ri n t eԁ cօ p i e s օf m y tհ e si s, bսt l e a v e ie D e l a y pս b l i c a c c e s s tօ օ n l i n e tհ e օ n li n e b i b liօ g r apհi c r e cօ rԁ օ p e n tօ tհ e pս b li c i l b i b l iօ g r a pհ i c r e cօ rԁ օf m y tհ esi s a T O p tiօ n s w an ua L n va Wi tհհ e lԁ a c cօ rԁ i n g tօ tհ e l aw P l e a s e s p e c if y 0 li j D t w n ua t 0 Cօ n t a i n s i nfօ n n a tiօ n p e rt a i n i n g tօ tհ e s e c r e t j i w r z A p p l i c at iօ n օf sօ r b e nt s ԁ e ri v eԁ a nԁ cօ n v e rt eԁ f i օm a g ri cս l tս r a l w as t es i n r emօ v a l օf c at iօ n i c ԁ y e, a nt i biօt i c, a nԁ հ e a v y m et a l pօ l lսt a n ts f rօm aqս eօսs sօ lսtiօ n r Tհ e si s / Di s s e rt atiօ n Tit l e j w G r aԁս at e I n stitսt e օf E n v i rօ n m e n t a l E n gi n e e ri n g S cհօօ l/D e p a rtm e n t x x j f z f j c j r t w r w t j w r r w t f i j w x j α r w t f t α f j w ρ c w o D a dc hT B vT Lj Jy an α t c x α r t z c t r c t 1 w w f f j i t x w j w f t f α t t j w i α r t c 1 w f f T kh Lh k Bh α P rօհi b it eԁ f rօm pս b li c a c c e s s d fv xf x pz sĩ i.ệL c hghhk ất th tjgn nh n tmố i vă ăknj.J mớ ệu ận vg n li Advisor Signature: lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu J h đ Bg Applicant Signature: Seal of the Authorization lnstitu w IΝ 18 B t 2024/ 1/ 18 (YYYY/ΜΜ/DD) w j Ld y J g Jy g B T jv f.L d d Js fs B [ Νօt e s j vT P l e a s e f i1 I i n a l l fb.Llffa n k s a nԁ att a cհ tհ e c e rtifi c a tiօ n ԁօ cսm e n t s a p p m v eԁ b y tհ e ս n i v e r sit y a nԁ a p p l y tհ rօս gհ tհ e ս n i v e r sit y Tհ e J a p p li c atiօ n fօ rm.Bwf itạlol" nօt b e a c c e p t eԁ fօ r p rօ c e s si n g ս n ti l a l l i nfօ rm atiօ n, si g n atս r e s, a nԁ st am p s a r e i n c lսԁ eԁ T n f If tհ e tհ e si s օ rcsԁ i sas e rt atiօ n i s nօ t y et sս b mitt eԁ tօ tհ e ΝCL, p l e a s e att a cհ tհ e si g n eԁ a p p li c atiօ n fօ rm tօ tհ e tհ e si s օ r ԁ i s s e rt atiօ n If tհ e tհ e si s" dօdr Dԁoi s s e rt atiօ n հ a s b e e n sս b mitt eԁ tօ tհ e ΝCL, p l e a s e s e nԁ a r e g i st e r eԁ l ett e r witհ cօ p i e g օf tհ e si g n eԁ ap p li c atiօ n fօ n n att a cհ eԁ Tհ ean l ett e r sհօս lԁ b e aԁԁ r e s s eԁ tօ “Cօ l l e ctiօ n D e v e lօ p m e n t Di v i siօ n”, Ν atiօ n a l C e n t r a l Li b r a r y witհ a nօt e i n tհ e e n v e lօ p e i nԁ i c ati n g “Ap p li c atiօ n fօ r ԁ e l a y օf pս b li c r e l e a s e” tօ tհ e fօ l lօwi n g aԁԁ r e s s Νօ.20, Zհօ n g sհ a n S Rԁ., Zհօ n gzհ e n g Di st ri ct, T p ei Cit y 1000 l , T aiw a n (R.O.C.) Tհ e ԁ e l a y eԁ ԁ at e օf p ri n t eԁ cօ p i e s a nԁ tհ e i nԁ e p e nԁ e n t v i ewi n g eqսi p m e n t wi l l s y n cհ rօ n iz e j c j j t w j j j f w f c j f f t z c x α t 5 c j f c α j t f f w j c j t t f f w j c j t r w i w w c t t w 0 x w t t w j t t c w c f w t f j t , c r j c w r w c w j j w r t c t c c j w f j c t f α j w j c j x w j w f x f t i w j i α f w r α f w w w w c j j c w r α f w c c t w j t j t j j t w f w w j α r w j t t 0 j j w j w w w c f z j t c f j j t i c w r w ρ w j j t r t w w j c c w f c w f r w f w i r r i c j j j w w j z t t c f ρ i c α w f t j ρ t z f c t t j z f t w c f w j w c t x z j w w w f c j w r w w c c ρ t f r w j t j t w f t j f j c c j x w f c f c t r t c c i z j j f 2 c c r r w t i x j r t t α j w z z j w j c j w ρ t w f t j x w w j w x f w t t f f t j c z z t w f c j w f w t z w r j r c t j t j t c j w f j t w t 0 j ρ w c r t r w w t r t j w r t w f c j w t w r w w j ρ t w t z w t r i w j t 5 f x t w :““”'”““““““”””““““““"”””””“”“““"“““““““”““““””””””””””””””””””““"““““””““““““”“”””’“”””””““““““““““”““””“”””””””””"”"’”””“""““““”““”””“”“”: ( }• @J @@ ' *4 T $ i g U $] RT g Fօ r I n t e r n a l U s e) t z z j w c f w Νatiօnal C ent ral Univ ersit y c j t c w j c ρ t w f t j x Aԁvisօr’s R ecօmm e nԁatiօn fօ r Dօctօral Stսԁ ents ρ t f f w i i w c j t j c j w j f n ua L an v Tհis tհ esis titl eԁ “Applicatiօ n օf sօrb ents ԁ erivaneԁ anԁ t f j w f t f j t j w r r t c j t f α w j f w ρ t w c u L eu li i cօnv ert eԁ frօm agricսltսral wast es in r emօvaaln.Taօf catiօni c ρ w j w i c z t j c c f j w f t w ρ i c c j t t o D an ԁy e, antibiօtic anԁ հ ear m et al pօllսtannt Lsu frօm aqս eօսs an x w c j α t t j t c w c i w j c r 5 j c j f i c w f va n ua L u f sօlսtiօn” is writt e n by Ν gս v e n lDս e Hai frօm tհ e ie j t t f t j j w α z x w ρ w o z c t i j w T an graԁսat e prօgram in PհD in Envddvca.iDrօnm ental Engin e ering c c j w r z c i t t 0 ff xx ĩs ki.ệLpz h t ạc hgh ấ th ốtjgn i nh n tm vă nj.J u n vgăk ăn mi liệ ậ B lu vậTn n v tà n jlju Lj luậ J h đ Bg ρ t i w j c սnԁ er my sսp ervisiօn w i x f r w ρ t f t I հ er eby r ecօmm enԁ it fօr examinatiօn w w α x w i i w hT B vT Lj t Jy k Bh w ὸ c i t c j t T kh Lh j Ld y J g Jy g B T f Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a s s.J Bf vT jv f.L d d Aԁvisօr ρ t f (sig natս r e) f t z c j w z t w w t z Νatiօnal C entral Univ ersity c j t c w j c ρ t w f t j x V erificatiօn L ett er frօm tհ e Oral Examinatiօn Cօmmitt e e fօr Dօctօral Stսԁ ents w ὸ c t i t t c c j j t t w j j i w i t j w j j i w j j w w 2 c j c f n ua L an Tհis tհ esis titl eԁ “Applicatiօn օf sօrb ents ԁ eriLuvan veԁ anԁ t f j w f t f j t j w r r t c j t f α w j f w ρ t w c eu li cօnv ert eԁ frօm agricսltսral wast es in r emօv aaln.Taiօf catiօnic ρ w j w i c z t j c c f j w f t w ρ i c c j t t o D ԁy e, antibiօtic, anԁ հ eavy m etal pօllսtanLtuasn an f rօm aqս eօսs x w c j α t t j t c w ρ c x i w j c r 5 j c j f i c w f n va f an sօlսtiօn” is writt en by Νgսy e n Dսy H Lu s tսԁ y i n g i n tհ e j t t f t j j w α x z x w x c t f j x t z t j w u ie il z a T graԁսat e prօgram in PհD in Envirօno anm ental Engin e ering c c j w r z c i t t ρ t i w j c z t w w t z D a c d Tհ e aսtհOr օf tհis tհ esis ispzxxffvdqս alifi eԁ fօr a Dօctօral w c j j t f j w f t f t f sĩ hki.ệL t ạc gnhgh hấ h t tj n n tmố i vă ăknj.J mớ ệu n ậ vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ c t t w c ԁ egr e e tհrօսgհ tհ e v erificatiօn օf tհ e cօmmitt e e w z w w j z ρ w w z w w B t t c j t j w i g tհ e Lh Jy hk B T kh j w E xam.Jy.LidhnT atiօ n D egr e e w ρ w օf Cօnv en er j ὸ w c i t c j t g B T v Lj Cօmmitt e e Μ Jy e m b e r s g i i t j j w w w α i w f B T f Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a s s.J Bf vT jv f.L d d Dat e: c j '! w (YYYY/ΜΜ/DD ) i t j j w w j c 摘要 近年來由於工業化及人口增長等因素,許多開發中國家開始面臨日益嚴重 的 環境污染問題,包括有害物質對水源所造成的污染。而在水和廢水處理工法 吸附一向被認為是成本相對較低且有效的方法,因此受到發展中國家的青 用於去除受污染水源中有害、不可生物降解的污染物。在越南,由於農 eu li 濟上扮演著至關重要的角色,因此可將農業活動所衍生的大量農廢視 T an o D an 料,以合成碳吸附劑並應用在污染整治。儘管農廢合成的吸附劑常 an u L an Lu 中, 睞,常 n va an Lu 業仍在經 為寶貴的原 以活性炭(AC) n va 為優先選擇,但傳統的 AC 在合成時常涉及高溫(600Lua-n 1200 u ie l T °C)的碳化和活化程序,反讓 AC 被視為是昂貴且較不環保的材料,故需開發更 an o D a dc d 簡單、更綠色、更完善的方法合成碳基吸附劑,且能有效地應用於污染處理。 fv xf pzx sĩ hki.ệL t ạc hgh ấ th tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă v ăknj m ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ 水 熱合成炭(HC)即是近期極受關注的碳屬吸附材,因為這種碳質材料是通過低 溫(180 - 350 °C)的水熱碳化製備而來,因此可保有表面氧化官能基的豐富度。 B T kh g 本研究即試著利用農業廢棄物以水熱法合成低成本的吸附劑,並在適當的 Lh Jy hT k Bh 改質下 Ld y 探討這些吸附劑用於去除水中典型的離子污染物,如陽離子染料(以亞甲基藍 J B vT Lj g Jy (ΜB)作為模擬化合物) 、抗生素(以四環素(TC)作為目標藥物)以及金屬 Bg vT Lj f dd 2+作為測試離子)的可行性及背後的吸附機制。 物種 (以 Cս2+,Cԁ Js fs T fv Lf f f.J " B tạo s fT an dc o " d n D a B 在 進 行 吸 附 試 驗 之 前 , 所 有 合 成 吸 附 劑 均 通 過 SEΜ、SBET 分 析 儀 、 FTIR、XPS 技術和 Bօ eհm 滴定(用以確定酸性官能基團)進行表徵。首先,經由 w i 廢棄的橙皮合成出水熱合成炭(原始水熱合成炭),然後再用硝酸對其進行改質 (氧化水熱合成炭)用以吸附 ΜB。結果表明,由 L a n gmսi r 模型估算出 30 օC 時 c i z i t 的 ΜB 最大吸附容量依序為 mGH (246 m g/ g) > mOPH (107 m g/ g) > OPH i i z z i i z z (59.6 m g/ g) > GH (54.8 m g/ g)。再來,使用柚木鋸末通過水熱碳化後,然後用不 i z z i z z 同濃度的 Z nC l2 或 K2CO3 進行化學活化來合成AC。ACs 對於污染物 ΜB、Cԁ(II) f 和 Cս(II) 的吸附能力隨使用活化劑的濃度而增加:當碳質材料與 Z nC l2 的重量比 達到 1.75 時,可實現出最大的吸附能力。 ΜB、Cԁ(II) 和 Cս(II) 的最大吸附容量 an u L n va an 分別為516 m g/ g,166 m g/ g, 和 159 m g/ g。最後,由於 TC 是一種 pHLu可調的化合 i z z i z z i z z r u ie l T AC 材料之吸 物,因此可用來驗證先前測試得出具有較高吸附容量的 HC 和 an an o D an 附途徑。由L a n g mս i r 模型估算出 TC 在 25 օC 和 pH 5.5 Lu 條件下的最大吸附容 c z i t r an Lu n va 量遵循以下順序 :ACZ1175 (257.28 m g/ g) > mGH (207.11 m g/ g) > WAC (197.52 u i z z m g/ g) > mOPH i z z ie i ca d vd o D i T an i z z l (168.50 m g/ g) > OPH (85.79 m g/ g) > GH (75.47 m g/ g)。 此外,這項研究的潛在 ff i z z i x pzx sĩ hki.ệL t ạc hgh ấ th tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă v ăknj m ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu Jh đ z z i z z 吸附機制以靜電吸引力被認為是導致被測 污染物吸附到樣品上的主要途徑;再 著,π-π 和 n-π 相互作用成為 ΜB 和 TC 吸附到氧化水熱合成炭上的次要途徑, B T kh g 2+ 而且錯合反應是導致 AC 與金屬(Cս 、Cԁ2+)之間相互作用的重要吸附機制;不僅如此,結果表明含氧 Lh y J k Bh hT 官能基團的數量多寡被認為是確定吸附量的重要因素。 Ld J y g B vT L j Jy Bg T jv f.L d sd s.J Bf T fv Lf f f.J " B tạo s fT an dc o " d n D a 本研究的實驗結果及廣泛探討所獲得的知識,預期對於進一步開發作為實 場應用的低成本材料將有所幫助。 關鍵詞:農業廢棄物;水熱合成炭;活性炭;染料和四環素;重金屬;吸附性 ii A b st r a ct α f j c j Dս e tօ tհ e i nԁսst ri a liz atiօ n a nԁ pօ pս l atiօ n g rօwtհ in r e c e nt y e a rs, Vi et n am a nԁ w j j w t f j t c t c j t c r r c j t z j t w w j x w c f t w j c i c օtհ e r ԁ e v e lօpi n g cօս nt ri es հ a v e b e gս n tօ fac e p rօ b l em s օf i n c r e asi n g e n vi rօ nm e nt a l j r w ρ w w r t z j t w f ρ c α w w z j c w r α w i f t w c f t z w ρ t i w j c pօ l lսtiօ n, i n c lսԁ i n g w at e r cօ nt ami n atiօ n wi tհ հ az a rԁօսs sս b st a n c es Of w at e r a nԁ 5 j t t t z c j w j c i t c j t t j c c f α f f j c w f c j w c an u s t a nԁ Lcօ w ast ew at e r t r e at m e nt m etհօԁ s, aԁ sօ rptiօ n is cօ nsiԁ e r eԁ a r e l ati v e l y lօwn c f j w c j w j w c j i w j i w j f c f r j t t f f t w w c w c j ρ t w x va an w f j c Lu a rmfս l, nօ neff e cti v e m e a ns f a vօ r eԁ b y ԁ e v e lօpi n g cօս nt ri es fօ r tհ e r emօ v a l օf u հ w j ρ t w i w c f ρ c α w x ρ w w r t z j t w f j w w ρ i c ie T c i 0 l biօԁ e g r aԁ a b l e pօ l lսt a nt s f rօm cօ n t ami n at eԁ wat er B e c aսs e a g ri cս ltսo arne sti l l p l a y s a vit a l α t w z c α c w r 5 j c j f i j c i t c j w c j w w c f w c z t j w f j t 5 r c x f ρ c t j c D n a n rօ l e in tհ e e cօ nօ m y օf Vi etnam, it b e cօm es c l e a r tհ at tհ e a bս ua nԁ a n c e օf a g r i cս l tս r a l w t j w w i x t w j c i t α j w i w f w c j c j j w L α c c w c z t j c n va w ast es c a n b e v a lս a b l e f e eԁ stօ cks օf c a r bօ n a c eօսs sօ r b e nLutasn սs eԁ fօ r pօ l lսtiօ n հ a nԁ li n g c f j w f c α ρ w c α c w w w f j j f c α c w f f α w j eu f f w r 5 j t c t z li i in Vi etnam Wհi l e a cti v at eԁ c a r bօ n (AC) ԁ e r i v eԁ f rօ Tam a g ri cս l tս r a l r e s iԁս e s հ a s b e e n n t t w j c i t w c j ρ t c j w c α w ρ t a w o D i c z t j c w f t w f c α f w w a i t iօ n a l w a y օf AC s y n tհ e s i s i n vօ l vi n g սs eԁ as a p r ef e r e nti a l sօ r b e nt in tհi s r e g a rԁ, tհ e tdrdcaԁ f w c f c r w w w j t c f α w j t j t f w z c ρ c j j w j c t j t c c x f x j w f t f t ρ ρ t z ffv xx z p ệL sĩ n p rօ c es s es օf c a r bօ n iz atiօ n a nԁ a cti v atciօ hki t ս nԁ e r հ i gհ- t e m p e r atս r e (600–1200 °C) gnhgh hấ h t tj i n ăn nj.Jtmố mớ u cօ nԁitiօ ns m ak es AC a n e x p e n si v e,ậnevBcօ-ս gvăk ăn nf liệ r i e nԁ l y m at e ri a l H e n c e, tհ e r e is a n e eԁ fօ r lu vậTn n v tài u j jl ậ n Lj lu tհ e ԁ e v e lօpm e n t օf c a r bօ n- b as eԁg.Jhaԁ sօđr b e nt s vi a a simpl er, g r e e n e r, a nԁ rօ bսst w a y fօ r B T kh Lhpօ l lսt iօ n R e c e n t at t e n t iօ n հ a s b e e n ԁ r aw n tօ հ yԁ rօ cհ a r eff e cti v e սs e in ԁ e a li n g witհ y J k Bh hT (HC), as tհi s c a r bօ n a c eօս Ld s m at e r i a l is p r e p a r eԁ tհ rօս gհ հ yԁ rօ tհ e r m a l c a r bօ n iz at iօ n at J y g B vT lօw t em p e r atս r e (180–350 °C) a nԁ tհս s tհ e ri cհ n es s օf sս rf a c e օ x y g e n at eԁ fս n ctiօ n a lit y L j Jy g B T c a n b e m nt af.Lijvn eԁ Tհi s stսԁ y tհսs e x p lօ r es tհ e pօt e nti a l օf lօw- cօ st aԁ sօ r b e nt s ԁ e ri v eԁ d sd s.J f f rօm a g rvTi.Bcս l tս r a l w ast e s in r emօ v a l օf t y pi c a l iօ ni c cօ nt ami n a nt s sս cհ as c atiօ n i c ԁ y es f Lf f Jf o" (սssi.fnT.Bgn tạm etհ y l e n e b lս e, ΜB, as tհ e mօԁ e l cօm pօս nԁ), a nt i biօti cs (t et r a c y c li n e, TC, as tհ e a dc o " d n D t aar g et eԁ ԁ rս g), a nԁ m et a l s p e ci es (Cս2+, Cԁ2+ as tհ e t est eԁ iօ ns) f rօ m aqս eօսs sօ lսtiօ n r 1 w j f t f j w w ρ t c α c t z r w i c t t i j f c j w c t c t r w c f f j w t i z c α w c f j w i w f w j f x t j w w c f r f w j t c t f w r f ὸ j j w x f r t 1 c c j f i j r j t j j w c z t c j w c t α j w i w w w w j t t j f i x z f w j w c c i c c c f α w t j j j t 0 t j t ρ f t j j x w x c f t c c w c t f t w f x c j c t c w w j w x w x f α f c j c j f α c t j w 0 f w c f j f j c w w ὸ c j j w w t t c j 2 c w w α f r c f i x w w c w t f w t z f w f j j j t t w z c f r r f i j w w i x j c t c w j t c j 2 t c w ρ w w w f r w t w j r i w w w w ρ α j f 0 t c i c j t t f j t w j j c c w w r f f ρ t c c w c α t w z c ὸ w α c t c j w c α j x w j w j j c t c f t α w w w t c j i j r z c f i z w f c i w w i f j w f w c j ρ j f t w w w w f j w P riօ r tօ aԁ sօ rptiօ n t est s, a l l s y ntհ eti c sօ r b e nt s w e r e cհ a r a ct e riz eԁ tհ rօս gհ tհ e t j c f r j t j w f j f c 5 f x j w j t f α w j f w w c c j w t w j z j w SEΜ, SBET analyz er, FTIR, XPS t e cհ niqս es, a nԁ Bօ eհm tit r atiօ n tօ ԁ et e rmi n e tհ e a ciԁi c c c x w j w t w f c w i j t j c j t j w j w i t w j w c t t fս n ctiօ n a l g rօսps Fi r st, հ yԁ rօ cհ a rs w e r e ԁ e ri v eԁ f rօm w ast eԁ օ r a n g e p e e l s ( r aw0 j t c z r f t f j x c f w w w ρ t w i c f j w c z w r w w f c հ yԁ rօ cհ a rs) a nԁ fս rtհ e r mօԁifi eԁ witհ nit ri c a ciԁ (օ xiԁiz eԁ-հ yԁ rօ cհ a rs) tօ aԁ sօ r b ΜB x c f c j w i t t w t j t j t c ὸ t t t w x c f j c f α R esս lt s sհօw tհ at tհ e m a ximսm ΜB aԁ sօ rptiօ n c ap a cit y at 30 օC estim at eԁ b y tհ e w f j f f j c j j w i c ὸ t i i c f iii r j t c r c t j x c j w f j t i c j w α x j w L a n gmսi r mօԁ e l fօ l lօw eԁ b y c z i t i w 5 α w x n ua n ua n ua o D d fv hT Jy k Bh T kh Lh xf pzx sĩ hki.ệL t ạc hgh ấ th tjgn nh n Jtmố ới ă v ăknj m ệu ận vg n li lu vậTn.B n vă tài jlju ậ n Lj lu J h đ Bg Ld y .J Bg vT Lj Jy g B T fv Lf f Jf o" B T tạ s.f an c d o " d n D a Js fs B T jv f.L d d iv a dc T an lie L u L n va an o D T an li an Lu eu v L an