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[...]... Nanoreactor Engineering for Life Sciences and Medicine 8.5 8.5.1 8.5.2 8.5.3 8.5.4 8.5.5 8.5.6 8.5.7 8.5.8 8.5.9 Nanoreactors/Nanoparticles and Mammalian (Stem) Cells Prerequisites for Polymers and Other Components of Nanoparticles and Nanoreactors for Use in Stem Cell Biology Components of Nanodevices to Be Considered in Affecting (Stem) Cell Functions Synthesis of Nanoreactors and Nanoparticles for. .. polyelectrolyte-layered materials, and hydrogels Organic polymer materials have been used as microreaction cages [26], enzymes [27, 28] for photochromic dyes [29], and other nanoparticles (see Figure 1.2) [30] A clear advantage of organic polymer is that it is possible to molecularly imprint nanoreactors for example, for 8 Nanoreactor Engineering for Life Sciences and Medicine R = pentyl Figure 1.1... structures [3], and cells [4] Considering an ensemble of nanoreactors, the reaction kinetics found in 1 2 Nanoreactor Engineering for Life Sciences and Medicine restricted geometries are different compared with the same reactions in bulk solvent, and they are hard to predict First of all, for spaces containing a discrete number of molecules, the continuum approximation is no longer appropriate for describing... Biology and Therapy Polymers and Surface Modifications Used for Applications in Mammalian Cells and Medical Applications Selection of Stem Cells for Transplantation Diagnostic Use of Nanotechnology in Stem Cell Biology Therapeutic Options of Nanoreactors and Nanoparticles in Stem Cell Transplantion Enhancing Effectiveness of Nanoparticles and Nanoreactors in Human (Stem) Cells–Understanding and Influencing... also include hollow inorganic nanoparticles formed through Ostwald ripening [261], halloysite and polyelectrolyte capsules [262], hollow TiO2, calcium phosphate [263], 22 Nanoreactor Engineering for Life Sciences and Medicine monoliths [264], chemically tailored nanoreactors in silicate and zeolites [265], hollow silicate with tunable wall thickness [266, 267], and hybrid PEG/cyclic or cubic silica nanoparticles... 1990s, and several early reviews point to its potential in chemical transformations and medicine [9–11] Since then, other reviews highlighting the synthesis and general characterization of specific categories of nanoreactors have been published These include self-assembled nanoreactors [12, 13], nanoreactors and nanocontainers [14], biomineralized nanoreactors [15], planar, inorganic, polymeric [16], and. .. phase, and (c) inverse hexagonal phase Copyright ACS Reproduced by permission [212] 20 Nanoreactor Engineering for Life Sciences and Medicine Liquid crystals, ionic liquid films, and lipid tubules [208–211], have also been shown to have utility as nanoreactors to make other nanoparticles (See Figure 1.13) [212–214] Again, the structure of the liquid crystal phase controls the particles obtained and the... reactant, and the efficiency and nature of the reaction it may undergo, can be changed from 6 Nanoreactor Engineering for Life Sciences and Medicine what it would be in solution The pocket in which the reactant resides can change the electronic distribution or impart strain in the inserted molecule, facilitating subsequent chemical transformations Porous macroscopic solids such as silicates and other... Chemistry of Materials, Vol 8, 8, 1996, pp 1616-1624 24 Nanoreactor Engineering for Life Sciences and Medicine [13] Vriezema, D., Aragones, M., Elemans, J., Cornlissen, J., Rowan, A., Nolte, R., “Self-Assembled Nanoreactors,” Chemical Reviews, Vol 105, 4, 2005, pp 1445-1489 [14] Sauer, M., Meier, W., “Colloidal Nanoreactors and Nanocontainers.” Colloids and Colloid Assemblies, 2004, pp 150-174 [15] Volkmer,... dissolution, disruption, or degradation of the carrier, it has been shown that it is possible to supplement some organic polymer nanoreactors with channel proteins to facilitate controlled material transport in and out of the nanoreactor [55, 56] 10 Nanoreactor Engineering for Life Sciences and Medicine (a) (i) GMA, methanol, 20°C (ii) DEA, methanol, 20°C PEO macro-initiator (1) PEO-GMA-DAE triblock copolymer . Nanoreactors and Nanoparticles for Use in (Stem) Cell Biol ogy and Ther apy 243 8.5.4 Poly mers and Sur face Mod i fi ca tions Used for Appli ca tions in Mam ma lian Cells and Med i cal Appli ca. biomineralized nanoreactors [15], pla nar, inor ganic, poly meric [16], and com pos ite nanostructures with nanoreactor- like poros - ity [17], amphilic block copol y mer nanoreactors [18], and polyelectrolyte nanoreactors. face and each other, the dif fer ence between reac tion kinet ics in con fined space and in bulk will be larger. 4 Nanoreactor Engineering for Life Sciences and Medicine 1.2 Examples of Nanoreactor