nanochromatography and nanocapillary electrophoresis. pharmaceutical and environmental analyses, 2009, p.282

[...]... nanoliquidchromatography (NLC), and nanocapillary electrophoresis (NCE) since these techniques deal with nano amounts of sample, flow rate, and detection as well We hope that this text will be useful for graduate students, researchers (biological and environmental sciences), and professionals of pharmaceutical, agrochemical, and other chemical industries REFERENCES 1 A Connors, A textbook of pharmaceutical analysis,... liver, and heart [8–11] Under such situations, it is essential to have analytical techniques that can detect drugs, pharmaceuticals, and xenobiotics in biological and environmental samples at very low concentrations Apart from the above requirements of nanoanalyses, the need of detection at the nanolevel is also increasing continuously in dosage formulations, food products, and other chemical and biotechnology... important and scientists and regulatory authorities are asking for data on detection at the nanogram level Among various analytical techniques, chromatography and capillary electrophoresis are the choice of scientists, academicians, and clinicians as these techniques can analyze samples of low volume or having poor ingredient concentrations Some attempts have been made to develop nanochromatography and nanocapillary. .. have termed it nanocapillary electrophoresis (NCE) 1.3 NANOCHROMATOGRAPHY AND NANOCAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS Recently, the word nano has become a trend in science and technology and some of us think that it is the new generation but, as mentioned above, its root is about 22 years old NLC and NCE are gaining importance day by day They are very useful and effective tools for samples of low quantities or... Optimization and other issues related to nanoanalyses are discussed in later chapters of the book 12 INTRODUCTION 1.8 SCOPE OF THE BOOK This book explains the importance and applications of nanoanalytical techniques with special emphasis on separation of drugs, pharmaceuticals, and xenobiotics in biological and environmental matrices A thorough search of the literature was carried out and many papers... science and technology, nanoanalysis is becoming more important because scientists, academicians, and regulatory authorities are asking for data detection at the nanogram level This need is especially pressing in genomics, proteomics, and drug designing and development programs Our search of the literature and experience dictates that chip-based analytical techniques viz nanoliquid chromatography and nanocapillary. .. fabrication of compliant microcomponents due to its outstanding aspect ratio and attainable film thickness, which enables good design of structures such as beams and hinges [10] Additionally, plastic chips may be disposable, eliminating cross contamination and sample carryover problems in multiple use devices Soper and coworkers [11–16] and Locascio and coworkers [17,18] have developed plastic microfabricated... true and complete nanochromatography is only possible on a chip, which is called lab-on-chip chromatography but we simply named it nanochromatograpy (NC) broadly In the case of liquid chromatography it may be called nanoliquid chromatography and abbreviated as NLC The same definition is also true and complete for capillary electrophoresis, which is also possible on chips, and we have termed it nanocapillary. .. volumes are available for sampling Besides, high throughput screening (HTS) and drug discovery (combinatorial Nanochromatography and Nanocapillary Electrophoresis By Ali, Aboul-Enein, and Gupta Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Inc 1 2 INTRODUCTION chemistry) need low level analyses Moreover, recent advancements in proteomics and genomics compel scientists to develop nanoanalytical techniques Similarly,... demand for them is increasing due to their economic, fast, and portable capabilities A complete analysis can be carried out in seconds by using 1 to 5 mL of solvent Moreover, the machines are very compact and can be carried to sites for environmental analyses Some important developments and advances in NLC and NCE are described in papers by Manz and coworkers [25–28] These authors [50] presented a miniaturized .