[...]... target of 20 kWh/m2a 97 10 5 10 5 10 9 10 9 11 1 11 2 11 4 11 5 11 6 11 6 11 7 11 9 11 9 12 2 12 3 12 4 12 4 12 6 12 7 12 7 12 9 13 0 13 2 13 3 13 5 13 5 13 7 14 1 14 2 14 2 14 4 14 5 14 7 14 9 xviii SUSTAINABLE SOLAR HOUSING 8.6 .1 8.6.2 8.6.3 8.6.4 8.6.5 8.6.6 8.6.7 8.6.8 8.7 .1 8.7.2 8.7.3 8.7.4 8.7.5 8.7.6 8.7.7 8.7.8 8.8 .1 8.8.2 9.2 .1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.4 9.2.5 9.2.6 9.2.7 9.2.8 9.2.9 9.2 .10 9.2 .11 9.2 .12 9.2 .13 9.3 .1 9.3.2 9.3.3 9.3.4... coefficients 8.5 .1 Scheme of the solar assisted heating system, central and individual solutions: 8.5.2 Space heating demand 8.5.3 Energy balance of the reference and solar base case 10 8 11 0 11 0 11 2 11 3 11 3 11 6 11 6 11 8 11 8 12 0 12 0 12 0 12 1 12 2 12 5 12 5 12 8 12 9 13 0 13 6 13 6 13 7 13 8 13 8 13 9 13 9 14 0 14 3 14 4 14 4 xii SUSTAINABLE SOLAR HOUSING 8.5.4 8.5.5 8.5.6 8.5.7 8.5.8 8.6 .1 8.6.2 8.7 .1 8.7.2 8.7.3 8.7.4... study Sunspace types Space heating demand in relation to area to volume (A/V) ratio 14 6 14 6 14 7 14 8 14 8 15 1 15 3 15 7 15 9 16 0 16 1 16 1 16 2 16 2 16 3 16 3 16 4 16 4 16 5 16 5 16 6 16 6 16 7 16 8 16 8 17 1 17 2 17 4 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES xiii 8.8.4 8.8.5 8.8.6 9 .1. 1 9 .1. 2 9 .1. 3 9 .1. 4 9 .1. 5 9 .1. 6 9 .1. 7 9 .1. 8 9.2 .1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.4 9.2.5 9.2.6 9.2.7 9.3 .1 9.4 .1 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 9.4.5 9.4.6 9.4.7 9.4.8 Space heating demand... combi-system with a condensing gas boiler 15 0 15 0 15 2 15 2 15 4 15 4 15 6 15 6 15 6 15 7 15 9 16 0 16 6 16 7 16 9 17 0 17 3 17 3 18 6 18 6 18 8 18 8 18 8 19 1 19 2 19 3 19 3 19 3 19 4 19 4 19 5 19 6 19 6 19 8 19 9 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES xix 9.3.5 9.3.6 9.3.7 9.4 .1 9.4.2 9.4.3 9.4.4 9.4.5 9.4.6 9.4.7 9.5 .1 9.5.2 9.5.3 9.5.4 9.5.5 9.5.6 9.5.7 9.5.8 9.6 .1 9.7 .1 9.7.2 9.7.3 9.7.4 9.7.5 9.7.6 9.8 .1 9.8.2 9.8.3 9.8.4 9.8.5 Energy use,... simulation period is 1 May to 30 September Space heating demand for the south window variation in the row house; U-values are shown for the glazing Space heating demand for the north window variation in the row house; U-values are shown for the glazing Space heating demand for the row house for different shading coefficients 17 4 17 6 17 6 17 9 18 0 18 1 18 2 18 3 18 3 18 5 18 5 18 7 18 9 19 0 19 0 19 1 19 2 19 4 19 7 204 205... percentage of the south window frame is 25% instead of 30% Simulation results for the energy balance in the heating period (1 October–30 April) Total energy demand, primary energy demand and CO2 equivalent emissions A1 .1 A1.2 A1.3 A1.4 A1.5 A1.6 A1.7 A1.8 A1.9 A1 .10 A1 .11 A1 .12 General information on the apartment building General information on the row house mid unit General information on the row... analysis of the passive house market 84 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.3 .1 4.3.2 5.2 .1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.3 .1 5.3.2 6.3 .1 54 56 57 58 60 61 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES xvii 7.2 .1 8 .1. 1 8 .1. 2 8 .1. 3 8 .1. 4 8 .1. 5 8 .1. 6 8.2 .1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.2.6 8.2.7 8.2.8 8.2.9 8.3 .1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.3.5 8.3.6 8.3.7 8.3.8 8.4 .1 8.4.2 8.4.3 8.4.4 8.4.5 8.5 .1 8.5.2 8.5.3 8.5.4 8.5.5 8.5.6 Mean regional U-values of the... 256 257 258 258 259 259 262 262 263 264 xvi SUSTAINABLE SOLAR HOUSING 10 .5.5 Sensitivity analysis for different supply systems in terms of non-renewable primary energy 264 A1 .1 A1.2 A1.3 A1.4 A1.5 A1.6 A1.7 A1.8 A1.9 A1 .10 A1 .11 A1 .12 Geometry of the apartment building Section of the apartment building Geometry of a row house unit Geometry of the single family house Heat gains and losses: Detached house... emissions 10 .3 .1 Targets for single family house in the Mild Climate Renewable Energy Strategy 10 .3.2 Comparison of key numbers for the construction and the energy performance of the single family house; for the proposed solution the percentage of the south window frame is 25% instead of 30% 19 9 200 2 01 202 203 204 205 206 207 210 211 212 213 214 214 215 217 220 224 226 227 228 229 229 2 31 232 232... 8.5.8 8.6 .1 8.6.2 8.7 .1 8.7.2 8.7.3 8.7.4 8.7.5 8.7.6 8.7.7 8.7.8 8.7.9 8.7 .10 8.7 .11 8.7 .12 8.7 .13 8.7 .14 8.7 .15 8.7 .16 8.7 .17 8.7 .18 8.8 .1 8.8.2 8.8.3 Number of hours of the indoor temperature distribution Scheme of the central system Influence of the collector size on usable solar gains Influence of the collector size on usable solar gains for a reduction in heating demand depending upon the supply . xxi INTRODUCTION I .1 Evolution of high-performance housing 1 I.2 Scope of this book 4 I.3 Targets 4 Part I STRATEGIES 1 Introduction 9 2 Energy 11 2 .1 Introduction 11 2.2 Conserving energy 12 2.3 Passive solar. 2.35) 10 0 8 .1. 1 Degree days (20 /12 ) in cold, temperate and mild climate cities 10 4 8 .1. 2 Monthly average outdoor temperature and solar radiation (global horizontal) for Stockholm 10 4 8 .1. 3 Monthly. system 14 8 8.5.8 Primary energy demand depending upon collector area 14 8 8.6 .1 Space heating demand of solution 1a 15 1 8.6.2 Space heating demand 15 3 8.7 .1 The design of the suggested solar combi-system