xử lý môi trường ở nhà máy lọc dầu dung quất

Integrated environmental management in Dung Quat refinery Priority for environmental management 1. Reduce 2. Reuse 4. Final Treatment Waste Raw material • Using efficient energy • Improve technology • Saving • Cleaner production 1. Reduce 2. Reuse 3. Recycle 1. Reduce 2. Reuse 4. Final Treatment 3. Recycle 1. Reduce 2. Reuse 1. Reduce 2. Reuse 4. Final Treatment 1. Reduce 2. Reuse 3. Recycle 4. Final Treatment 1. Reduce 2. Reuse Air pollution control Source of emissions – Pollutants discharged from 11 stacks of refinery including SO 2 , NOx, CO, HC… – Dust generated from transportation activities within refinery – Leakage, fugitive emission from tank, pipeline and equipment vents – Heat and radiation from units, fire heater and flare – Noise and vibration from power plant and rotating equipments Air pollution control • Cleaner production— prevention, redesign  Changing fuel, removal pollutant from raw material  Changing technologies  Increasing inspection and maintenance  Operating procedures — production coordination • Recycle • End-of-Pipe control Particles control devices Gaseous pollutants control devices Approaches to Emission Control PROCESS Cleaner production Control Devices Reduced emission Stack Cleaner production Control Devices Air pollution control Cleaner production (treatment at the source) • Remove H 2 S out of gas (Gas Plant, LTU) (C 2 H 4 ỌH) 2 NH (DEA) +H 2 S  (C 2 H 4 OH) 2 NH 2 HS • Remove S out of raw material (NHT, LCO hydrotreater Unit) S+H 2 =H 2 S • Purpose: - Catalyst protection – Improve quality of product Protection of Environment • Amine regeneration: (C 2 H 4 OH) 2 NH 2 HS  (C 2 H 4 OH) 2 NH + H 2 S SRU Recycle back to absorption units Air pollution control • Treatment of gas streams (rich H 2 S) from unit ARU, CNU, SWS • Purpose: - Protect of Environment – Recovery of Sulfur • H 2 S gas is very toxic, odor (rotten egg) S (solid) is easy to handle and control and it can be sold for fertilizer production • Reaction for S recovery (Gauss) H 2 S + 3/2 O 2 = SO 2 +H 2 O SO 2 +2H 2 S = 3S+2H 2 O 3H 2 S + 3/2 O 2 = 3S+2H 2 O • Sulfur Recovery from H 2 S gas stream Air pollution control Cleaner production (treatment at the source) End of Pipe control • Particle matter (PM) control – Cyclones (precleaners) • Located within reactor of RFCC for primary removal catalyst out of oil vapor • They are often used to reduce the inlet loading of PM to downstream collection devices by removing larger, abrasive particles • Cyclones are used to control PM, and primarily PM greater than 10 micrometers • Particle matter control – Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) Gas stream from regenerator of RFCC containing high concentration of PM (1200mg/m 3 ) whereas environmental standard (TCVN 5939-1995) is 400 mg/m 3 Using ESP to remove PM to meet standard. Advantages of ESP • High collection efficiency (99÷%) • Treats large volumes of gas • Produces only low pressure drops • Economical to operate • Offers dry collection of valuable products • Generates dry waste for disposal or recycle End of Pipe control Feed Residue Air DeSOx CO Boiler WHB Reactor/Regenerator Steam Economizer MTC Discharge electrodes Flue gas in Clean gas out Hoppers Rappers ESP Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) End of Pipe control Air pollution control of RFCC unit [...]...End of Pipe control • Control SOx (DeSOx) SOx formed when burning oil or gas containing S S + O2 = SO2 – When processing BachHo crude oil, SO2 in emission from Dung Quat refinery is lower than TCVN 5939-1995 (500mg/Nm3) Removal of SO2 is not necessary – When processing sour crude oil or TCVN is more stringent, it is required to equip SO2 control devices End of... NaOH… ) scrubbing Control NOx • Formation of NOx from air Nitrogen – NO increases with T°C, significant at >700°C – NOx in flue gas: 500-1000 ppm (90% NO + 10% NO2) • Concentration of NOx of flue gas in Dung Quat refinery is lower than TCVN 5939-1995 (1000mg/Nm3), treatment of this gas is not required • But when standard is more stringent, treatment may be required Control NOx • Pre-combustion: – Fuel... applying different methods of treatment – Some streams required to treat, the other are not required to meet TCVN 5945-1995 Classification of effluent streams • The typical sources of effluent streams in Dung Quat Refinery are: – – – – – One through cooling water Storm water Oily Surface Water (OWS) Oily Water (OW) Stripped Sour Water (high concentration of phenol) Management of wastewater • One through . Integrated environmental management in Dung Quat refinery Priority for environmental management 1. Reduce 2. Reuse 4. Final Treatment Waste Raw. oil or gas containing S S + O 2 = SO 2 – When processing BachHo crude oil, SO 2 in emission from Dung Quat refinery is lower than TCVN 5939-1995 (500mg/Nm 3 ). Removal of SO 2 is not necessary –. >700°C – NOx in flue gas: 500-1000 ppm (90% NO + 10% NO 2 ) • Concentration of NO x of flue gas in Dung Quat refinery is lower than TCVN 5939-1995 (1000mg/Nm 3 ), treatment of this gas is not required. •