[...]... Introduction Chapter 1: Exploring Popular SQL Implementations Introduction to SQL Understanding the SQL Standard Overview of Vendor Implementations of SQL Oracle IBM DB2 UDB Microsoft SQL Server and Sybase MySQL PostgreSQL Connecting to SQL Databases ANSI SQL Data Types Creating SQL Databases Querying SQL Databases Manipulating Data in SQL Databases Summary Chapter 2: Functions: Concept and Architecture... Microsoft SQL Server Sybase MySQL and PostgreSQL Summary Chapter 3: Comparison of Built-in SQL Functions by Vendor Types of Functions Classifying Built-in SQL Functions Oracle IBM DB2 UDB Microsoft SQL Server and Sybase ASE MySQL PostgreSQL Overview of Built-in Functions by Vendor Summary Chapter 4: SQL Procedural Extensions and User-Defined Functions Procedural versus Declarative Languages ANSI SQL Guidance... Guidance for Procedural Extensions to SQL SQL Procedural Extensions by Vendor Oracle PL /SQL Microsoft or Sybase Transact -SQL IBM Procedural SQL MySQL PostgreSQL Summary Chapter 5: Common ANSI SQL Functions ANSI Query Syntax Aggregate Functions 30 31 31 32 33 33 34 35 36 37 39 39 40 48 49 49 51 52 52 54 55 57 57 58 59 60 60 AVG() COUNT() MAX() and MIN() SUM() 62 63 64 65 String Functions 65 ASCII() CHR() or... Pipelined UDF Altering UDFs Dropping UDFs Debugging PL /SQL Functions DBMS_OUTPUT DBMS_DEBUG Error Handling in PL /SQL Functions Adding PL /SQL Functions to an Oracle Package Overloading Using PL /SQL UDF in Transactions Compiling PL /SQL Modules into Machine Code Finding Information about UDFs in the RDBMS Restrictions on Calling PL /SQL UDFs from SQL Summary 410 411 411 412 412 412 413 415 415 416 417... Functions Summary Chapter 23: Generating SQL with SQL and SQL Functions Using Literal Values, Column Values, and Concatenation Other Functions Commonly Used to Generate SQL Code Summary Chapter 24: SQL Functions in an Application Calling Functions from an Application Establishing a Database Connection Connection Pools Modeling the Process Creating or Identifying the SQL Functions Coding the Application Component... Simple UNIX Shell Function Example Simple SQL Function Example ANSI SQL Functions Built-in Functions Executing Built-in Functions Practical Uses of Functions Creating, Compiling, and Executing a SQL Function Passing Parameters by Value or by Reference Scope of a Function Better Security Overloading Classifying SQL Functions: Deterministic and Non-Deterministic Functions Oracle IBM DB2 UDB ix xxxv 1 1... It Back Together Summary xxx 555 555 556 556 557 557 557 557 558 558 559 559 559 560 564 565 566 566 566 567 569 569 569 570 572 574 575 576 Contents Chapter 22: Embedded Functions and Advanced Uses ESQL Statements Static versus Dynamic Querying Common Uses of Embedded Functions Single-Row Functions Scalar Functions Aggregate Functions Mathematical Functions Date and Time Functions String Functions. .. 18: Creating User-Defined Functions in PostgreSQL Acquiring Permissions Query SQL Functions Using Composite Types with PostgreSQL Functions SQL Row and Table Functions Dropping UDFs Debugging PostgreSQL UDFs Error Handling Overloading UDFs Finding Information about UDFs PG_PROC Functions ROUTINES Functions ROUTINE PRIVILEGES Functions 503 507 508 509 509 510 513 514 514 516 517 517 517 518 519 521 521... @@SPID @@SQLSTATUS @@TIMETICKS @@TOTAL_ERRORS @@TOTAL_READ @@TOTAL_WRITE @@TRANCHAINED @@TRANCOUNT 291 291 292 292 293 293 294 295 295 296 296 297 297 298 299 301 301 302 302 303 303 303 304 305 305 305 306 306 306 307 307 308 308 308 309 309 310 310 311 311 311 312 xxi Contents @@TRANSTATE @@UNICHARSIZE @@VERSION @@VERSION_AS_INTEGER Summary Chapter 10: MySQL Functions MySQL Query Syntax Aggregate Functions. .. CURRENT_SCHEMA CURRENT_USER NULLIF() SESSION_USER USER VERSION Summary Chapter 12: ANSI SQL User-Defined Functions User-Defined Functions or SQL Routines? Functions versus Procedures Internal versus External Functions Creating UDFs Altering UDFs Removing UDFs Summary Chapter 13: Creating User-Defined Functions in Oracle PL /SQL Compiler Oracle 10g Compiler Optimization Acquiring Permissions Creating UDFs . 49 ANSI SQL Guidance for Procedural Extensions to SQL 51 SQL Procedural Extensions by Vendor 52 Oracle PL /SQL 52 Microsoft or Sybase Transact -SQL 54 IBM Procedural SQL 55 MySQL 57 PostgreSQL 57 Summary. xi xii Contents Microsoft SQL Server 30 Sybase 31 MySQL and PostgreSQL 31 Summary 32 Chapter 3: Comparison of Built-in SQL Functions by Vendor 33 Types of Functions 33 Classifying Built-in SQL Functions 34 Oracle. 3 MySQL 3 PostgreSQL 4 Connecting to SQL Databases 4 ANSI SQL Data Types 5 Creating SQL Databases 5 Querying SQL Databases 7 Manipulating Data in SQL Databases 9 Summary 11 Chapter 2: Functions: Concept