(Luận văn) solutions to promote vietnam’s seafood exports to japan under the impact of the cptpp

ACADEMY OF POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCE lu an n va GRADUATION THESIS Japan under the impact of the CPTPP p ie gh tn to Topic: Solutions to promote Vietnam’s seafood exports to d oa nl w an lu u nf va Instructor: Hoang Kim Thu Student: Le Thi Ly ll oi m Student code: 508310117 z at nh Class: CLC 8.1 z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW OF SEAFOOD EXPORT AND OVERVIEW OF THE CPTPP 1.1 Some theoretical issues to export 1.2 Some theoretical issues about seafood exports 24 1.3 CPTPP Agreement and benefits for export 29 CHAPTER 2: THE SITUATION OF VIETNAM'S SEAFOOD EXPORT TO JAPANESE MARKET UNDER THE IMPACT OF THE CPTPP AGREEMENT 37 lu an 2.1 Overview of the Vietnamese seafood sector 37 va 2.2 Situation of exploit seafood and aquaculture in Vietnam 39 n gh tn to 2.3 The situation of Vietnam's seafood exports to the international market 43 2.4 The situation of Vietnam's seafood exports to the Japanese market 56 ie p 2.5 General valuation………………………………………………………… 76 w oa nl CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEAFOOD EXPORT TO JAPAN 77 d lu va an 3.1 SWOT analysis 77 ll u nf 3.2 Solutions 83 oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si LIST OF TABLES lu an n va NAME Chart 2.3.1 Vietnam's seafood exports Chart 2.3.2 World shrimp export market 2020-2021 Chart 2.3.3 Vietnam's shrimp export market in 2020-2021 Chart 2.3.4 Top largest pangasius export markets of Vietnam in 2021 Chart 2.3.5 Exports of squid and octopus Vietnam 2020 Chart 2.4.1 Vietnam's shrimp exports to Japan 2021 Chart 2.4.2 Import of Japanese shrimp Chart 2.4.3 Tuna exports from Vietnam to Japan 2018-2020 Chart 2.4.4 Tuna exports from Vietnam to Japan 2019-2021 gh tn to NO Vietnam's squid and octopus exports to Japan 2019-2020 p ie Chart 2.4.5 Top 10 seafood exporting countries in the world Table 2.3.1 Export turnover by product group d oa nl w Table 2.3.2 lu Top 10 seafood exporting and importing countries in the va an Table 2.4.1 world in 2020 u nf The value and volume of seafood consumption per capita in ll oi Japan m Table 2.4.2 z at nh Table 2.4.3 The largest seafood exporting countries to Japan 2017-2020 Table 2.4.4 Structure of Vietnam's seafood exports to Japan z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Abbreviations Explanation of abbreviations ASC Aquaculture Stewardship Council CEPT Common Effective Preferential Tariff CPTPP Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership GDP Gross Domestic Product FAO lu No an n va Food and Agriculture Organization of the United gh tn to Nations FDA Food and Drug Administration FTA Free trade agreement p ie d oa nl w lu EU EU European Union ITC 10 HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points 11 SPS SPS Sanitation and Phytosanitary Measures 12 VASEP Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers 13 WTO World Trade Organization u nf va an ll International Trade Centre oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si INTRODUCTION Reason for choosing the topic Currently, seafood export activities are an important economic sector in Vietnam due to the rapid growth and significant contribution to the national economy Aquaculture is considered inherently traditional industries of the coastal people in Vietnam Experiencing ups and downs, the fishery industry has grown from a small economic sector in the agricultural sector to become a spearhead economic sector Aquaculture is not only a source of rural economy but also an international trade product and a source of foreign exchange An important factor in the expansion of aquaculture in Vietnam is the export of products to potential markets Along with the lu an inherent advantages from nature, exporters always have to face stiff competition from n va competitors in all aspects: price, quality, distribution channels, technology, customers, tn to etc… Especially, exporting enterprises are also under pressure from their own gh countries to export goods to, such as laws, culture, protection policies, etc… Market p ie access is also becoming more difficult because of lack of knowledge of skills and w operational finance oa nl In 2020, although affected by the pandemic Covid-19 seafood exporters are d still in the top largest export value of world and accounted for 8.41 billion dollars, lu va an up 20% over 2016 Products are exported seafood exported to 167 countries and territories The three main markets are the EU accounting for 18%, the US 17%, u nf ll China 15% in addition, Japan accounts for 16%, which is one of the potential big m oi markets of this industry group In recent years, Vietnam's seafood exports to Japan z at nh have been increasing, especially after the Comprehensive and Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement came into effect - in the context of economic difficulties of z all countries, so the more preferential tariff treatment is fully utilized by importers as @ gm a competitive advantage However, Japan also imposes many strict import regulations, Vietnam's seafood export to Japan market m co l especially on food hygiene and safety, origin, the issue of how to promote seafood exports to Japan under the impact of the – CPTPP” an Lu Therefore, the author has chosen the topic: “Solutions to promote Vietnam's n va ac th si Objectives and tasks of research 2.1 Research objectives Analysis of the situation of Vietnam's seafood exports to the Japanese market after the CPTPP took effect and solutions to promote seafood exports to the market Japan 2.2 Research tasks To achieve the set goals, the thesis needs to solve the following task: - Provide the theoretical background seafood, seafood export, the contents of regulations on seafood export, the Comprehensive Trans-Pacific Partnership lu an Agreement (CPTPP) va - Provide an overview of Vietnam's seafood export situation and an overview n - Analysis of the situation of seafood exports from Vietnam to Japan since ie gh tn to of the Japanese seafood market p CPTPP effective agreements oa nl w - Propose solutions to promote seafood export to the Japanese market Object and scope of research d lu u nf - Research scope: va an - Research object: Vietnam's seafood export to Japan ll + Scope of time: data for the analysis of the topic from 2018 to 2020 oi m Research Methodology z at nh + Research space: Vietnam and Japan z gm @ This thesis applies the following research methods: - Statistical methods of data from studies, reports, journals m co an Lu - Comparative method l - Methods for synthesis and analysis n va ac th si 5.Structure of the topic This thesis consists of chapters: - Chapter 1: Literature review of seafood export and overview of the CPTPP - Chapter 2: The situation of Viet Nam’s seafood export to Japan market under the impact of the CPTPP Agreement - Chapter 3: Solutions to promote the development of seafood export to Japan lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si CHAPTER 1: LITERATURE REVIEW OF SEAFOOD EXPORT AND OVERVIEW OF THE CPTPP 1.1 Theoretical background of export Exporting goods is one of the key business activities that affect the development of a country's economy In addition, it is also understood as the lack of sales of goods and services from one country that can produce those goods or services to another, in order to link the production activities of one country with another, for goods to be distributed and circulated worldwide 1.1.1 Export concept According to Clause 1, Article 28, Law of Commerce 2005: "Exports of goods lu an as the goods are taken out of Vietnam's territory or into special area located on the n va territory of Vietnam is considered the customs area separate according to regulations tn to of the Law" ie gh 1.1.2 Export characteristics p There are five main characteristics of export activities: nl w Firstly, export and import are the two main activities constituting foreign trade, oa which is trade between two countries Export activities are often more complicated d than domestic business activities due to the large, difficult-to-control market, and are lu va an also affected by factors such as the economic, political, cultural, religious, and legal u nf environment of the country It is also affected by changes in exchange rates, ll commodity due to be paid in foreign currency m oi Secondly, the buyer and seller are two parties with two different nationalities, z at nh so it will lead to disagreements in language, culture, customs, as satisfaction level Therefore, exporters need to learn and study carefully about the needs and satisfaction z purposes and needs l gm @ of the importing country's market in order to export products that are suitable for their an Lu standards on the requirements of each country m co Thirdly, exports always require good design and high quality, must meet n va ac th si Fourth, many major problems in negotiating transactions, signing purchase and sale contracts, transporting and exporting goods are still risky Fifth, geographical conditions, means of transport and payment methods greatly affect the process of transporting goods, the progress of goods delivery For example, when goods at the port of departure encounter bad weather, ships cannot depart, leading to delays, and congestion delaying delivery time (Belay Seyoum, PhD) 1.1.3 Export forms Recently, goods trading activities between countries are conducted in many different export forms, depending on the exporting enterprise There are typically three main types of export: direct export, entrusted export, international processing lu an 1.1.3.1 Direct export va n The form of exporting products and goods of enterprises to foreign countries to gh tn is called direct export Enterprises must directly participate in export activities, including signing export contracts, taking the initiative in transporting, packaging, ie p labeling and paying for goods The exporter can directly produce goods or could be nl w trade company d oa This is the main type of export used, the outstanding advantage of direct export an lu helps businesses to be more active in exchange, purchase and sale, in addition to better va understand the market as well as demand and psychology tastes of the importing ll u nf country to promptly improve products and services to satisfy customer satisfaction oi m On the other hand, the exporter side does not have to bear the intermediate export costs such as the cost of buying export licenses In addition, this form also facilitates z at nh the development and position of exporters in the international market, enterprises can z also easily control the prices of their goods and products in foreign markets @ gm On the disadvantage, the company needs to allocate its resources over a l broader and more complex market, has to accept a fiercer international competitive m co environment, has to accept all the risks of foreign markets If there is no import and new market or mistake detrimental an Lu export staff have qualifications and experience when participating in contracting in a n va ac th si 1.1.3.2 Entrusted export Entrusted exports are also known as indirect exports The form of consignment export is often used by small businesses that not have the ability to export, or not have enough export experience and are limited in export procedures The seller will entrust an intermediary with export experience to carry out the export procedures by signing an export entrustment contract for a fee usually based on a percentage of the value of the goods For this form, there are still some disadvantages in terms of business efficiency, which being reduced due to profit sharing, not being proactive in finding markets as well as finding customers On the other hand, export entrustment still has the lu an advantages of low risk, including less responsibility and less procedures n va 1.1.3.4 International processing gh tn to International processing is an activity where one party will deliver input materials, machinery and equipment (the party ordering the processing) to another ie p party (the party receiving the processing) to produce finished products as required by nl w the seller, then transferred to the ordering party and paid the processing fee In fact, d oa international processing is an exchange of money and services, one party will receive lu the other party's processing because the cost of outsourcing is cheap, and the other va an party will sell labor to generate income The essence of international processing is to u nf export local labor Processed goods are usually goods that require a large amount of ll labor value and not require high qualifications and capacity of workers The less m oi developed countries usually recognize the country and the developed countries is the z at nh go-ordering z The advantages of using this method are:(i) International processing plays a gm @ huge role in the movement of intangible goods; (ii) Promote the specialization of labor on a global scale, helping the international division of labor to flourish; (iii) It l m co has a great effect in helping outsourcing businesses absorb more international experience and workers have access to more advanced equipment and technology; an Lu (iv) This is a form that is inevitably applied in the first stage of international economic n va ac th si CHAPTER 3: SOLUTIONS TO PROMOTE THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEAFOOD EXPORT TO JAPAN 3.1 SWOT analysis 3.1.1 Strengths The geographical position of Vietnam brings many potential to aquaculture and exploitation of seafood, this is a nutrient-rich environment for aquatic plants, a place to live, reproduce, growth of white shrimp, upland shrimp, shrimp, yellow shrimp, mullet, sea bass, sea bream, mussels, cobia, and crabs Vietnam's sea has more than 2000 species of fish, including about 130 species of economic value lu Besides marine fish, there are many natural resources such as over 1600 species of an n va crustaceans, the annual production allowed for exploitation is 50-60 thousand tons/year, species with high economic value are marine shrimp, lobsters and shrimps, to gh tn crabs, about 2500 species of molluscs in which the most important economic is the octopus The potential of Vietnamese seafood is still very large, ensuring a rich and ie p abundant source of raw materials for the seafood processing industry in Vietnam nl w That creates conditions for businesses to focus on technological innovation, creating d oa high-quality processed seafood products that meet the requirements of fastidious an lu markets in general and Japan markets in particular u nf va Products have met the standards of the importing countries: The Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development has promulgated a series of industry standards ll oi m on conditions to ensure the safety and hygiene of fishing vessels, fishing ports, fish z at nh markets, purchasing establishments, ice production establishments, seafood processing, cold storage, retail establishment This helps Vietnam's seafood exports z be more convenient, avoiding the situation of being returned Specifically, 1/2021, @ gm Japan's largest shrimp export market of Vietnam the 2nd in value, but is the largest m co l market by volume, reaching 4.9 thousand tons, worth 42.6 million USD, increase 25.6% in volume and 22.7% in value over the same period in 2020, the number of catches an Lu of fishery products that have been warned of food safety violations in 2020 is while n va ac th si the number of batches warned in 2019 was 36 lots, equivalent to 2018 (35 lots), down 30% compared to 2017 (50 lots) ( Ministry of Industry & Trade) Viet Nam’s seafood has diversity of products: Besides, increase production of value-added products, businesses should also pay attention to diversifying export seafood Along with, the main seafood products are continuing develop, many new products have appeared to meet consumer requirements from affordable to luxury in different markets such as salmon, king crab, refined shrimp products such as sushi shrimp, sushi tuna and other mixed products to further enhance the added value of Vietnamese seafood exports to Japan The Government and enterprises conduct many trade promotion activities: lu an seminars on markets, attendance at international seafood fairs, provision of market n va information, propagate and advertise Vietnamese seafood products on the mass media, tn to international specialized magazine, initially bringing e-commerce into the seafood gh industry As a result, we have established a proactive and balanced market position, p ie independent of the traditional Japanese market, reducing the proportion of w intermediate markets, initially won an important position in international markets oa nl There have been some high technologies in processing and farming: A d major barrier for Vietnam's seafood exports to the Japanese market today is that Japan lu va an has introduced strict quality standards, which are mainly for products of aquaculture origin Therefore, to ensure the quality of exported aquatic products, farming must be u nf ll considered a process that requires good work at all stages: from preparing the m oi breeding, working breed, feed, process of care, patient tracking during feeding, z at nh harvesting and transport to processing areas Currently, the seafood industry has focused on researching the technology of seed production for objects of export value z such as black tiger shrimp, giant shrimp, giant freshwater shrimp, pangasius, basa @ gm fish, and mono-sex tilapia, in which some objects have gone into mass production At scallops and white-leg shrimp with initial positive results m co l the same time, it also imported seed production technology and raised abalone, an Lu The material and technical base for the seafood processing industry has developed quite rapidly In 2000, there were 699 seafood processing establishments n va ac th si nationwide, including frozen processing facilities and IQF chain facilities, with a total freezing capacity of 2000 tons/day Most processing facilities have workshops, warehouses, equipment, cleaning tools, wastewater treatment systems, and product testing equipment that all meet quality standards Many facilities conduct production according to industrial methods The application of a quality management system and regulations on food hygiene and safety is increasingly popular 3.1.2 Weaknesses Besides, the strengths of Vietnamese seafood products, there are still many weaknesses Our country is in the process of innovating industrialization and modernization, like other industries, Vietnam's seafood is having to gradually lu an overcome existing weaknesses to improve competitiveness n va The imbalance between raw material production areas and export tn to processing areas For clarity, the production area of raw materials not meet demand gh and are not caught up export processing area This imbalance stems from many factors, p ie such as the low level of production organization, output and quality as well as weak w coordination between the two areas Although aquaculture and fishing are concerned oa nl and developed, the development of raw materials in many places is still spontaneous, d easily causing harm to the environment, greatly affecting the sustainable development an lu of fisheries Raw material production and post-harvest preservation basically did not u nf va meet standards for food safety High price of shrimp seed and high price of shrimp feed have increased the cost of raw materials, when the proportion of raw material ll oi m prices usually accounts for only 90% of the product cost High raw material prices z at nh have reduced the competitiveness of Vietnamese shrimp products, especially when the world market fluctuates and export prices decrease z Since the beginning of the year, seafood processing factories for export have @ gm mostly operated at just over 60% of their capacity due to insufficient raw materials m co l Currently, there are many enterprises worry because the delivery deadline is due but there is a shortage of production materials To deal with the shortage of raw materials, an Lu some have to purchase raw materials from outside the province or import them from n va ac th si abroad Imported materials always have a price 5-10% higher than the domestic price, but help enterprises to actively produce, stabilize the market and retain customers Environment for aquaculture and seafood processing is being polluted: The basic environmental factors in seafood processing in Vietnam include scrap and solid waste, liquid waste, waste and odor in seafood processing In fact, for every ton of frozen products for export, shrimp meat will emit 0.75 tons of waste into the environment, fish fillets will give 1.8 tons, headless molluscs will give 0.45 tons, bivalve molluscs is tons Besides, the amount of liquid waste in seafood processing is considered the most serious problem Wastewater from seafood processing plants has much higher pollution indicators than the standard industrial wastewater of class lu an B n va Seafood processing wastewater causes serious environmental pollution if not tn to treated But since most of the facilities were built before the Environmental Protection gh Law came into existence, financial conditions are limited, while technology and p ie treatment equipment are expensive, at the same time, due to the environmental w management and consulting work is not done well, not strictly On the other hand, oa nl due to the high cost of wastewater treatment and this cost does not bring direct profit, d many seafood processing facilities not really comply with regulations on an lu wastewater treatment, causing local environmental pollution when there is a lack of u nf va inspection and supervision by functional agencies ll The level of management, science and technology is still low: Although the m oi level of technology and techniques for production, processing and preservation has z at nh improved, it is still low compared to other exporting countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, China, has reduced the comparative advantage of Vietnam's seafood z exports Management qualifications are still limited in terms of both knowledge and @ gm experience of competing in the international market, demand forecasting, careful m co l study of demand characteristics, cultural traditions, technical requirements of the market are still unfamiliar, limiting the speed of market expansion an Lu Businesses not have plans and programs to promote seafood export in Japan market: This is a strategic issue and needs long-term investment, and they still n va ac th si have less participation in fairs and exhibitions in order to actively seek customers so much as to lose export contract in the hands of competitors This should be quickly overcome to confirm aquatic VN brand and market development Financial potential of enterprises is still limited: VASEP said that high interest rates on loans in VND along with tight monetary policies from banks, which are the reason why many seafood enterprises have difficulties, the number of enterprises operating in moderation and bankruptcy According to VASEP's assessment, if the difficulties in capital are not quickly resolved, the situation of seafood production, processing and export in 2021 will still face many difficulties lu Cost of testing seafood shipments is getting higher and higher: According an to VASEP, currently, the cost of testing shipments before exporting is becoming a n va burden for businesses when the fee to pay increases by an average of 1.5-2 times to tn compared to before Taking samples for shipment testing along with control measures ie gh and procedures before exporting has made most export shipments of enterprises have p to wait for 7-10 days, which is a big disadvantage, especially in the current time Enterprises facing difficulties in capital and credit at the same time reduce their w oa nl competitiveness compared to similar seafood exporting countries like Vietnam d Therefore, businesses recommend or change the control approach u nf va an lu 3.1.3 Opportunity ll Firstly, investors' confidence in Vietnam in general and in Vietnamese m oi seafood in particular has increased significantly after the Covid-19 pandemic thanks z at nh to effective anti-epidemic policies and mottos, social security together with economic development of the Government and Country of Vietnam Besides, the main seafood z @ competitors with Vietnam such as India, Ecuador had to regularly blockade and l gm isolate society to fight the epidemic, leading to a significant reduction in production and export output of these countries by about 50% Similarly, neighboring countries m co such as Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand also reduced about 30% of seafood an Lu exports due to the continuous outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic Therefore, these n va ac th si countries will have significant latency than Vietnam to restore production to maintain the supply for the world This will be a great opportunity for Vietnamese seafood Secondly, enterprises improve product quality, build image and brand, and focus on developing markets for Vietnam's seafood industry To make a breakthrough, farmers and exporters focused on building high-quality product lines, diversifying products and developing value-added product lines Creating added value for fish products make a difference compared to other white fish products will help increase competition and make consumers choose fish products instead of other products Along with that, the improvement of seed quality, investment of resources for research, breeding capable of growing and developing well in all conditions and lu an market expansion is also a matter experts note n va Third, experts say, “there will be a shift of production from China to tn to Vietnam, especially after the US-China trade "war" and the Covid-19 pandemic” gh Demand for raw materials from Vietnam tends to increase Convenient seafood p ie products (RTC and RTE) with added value tend to be more popular in the world w market Supporting industries for seafood production (drugs, chemicals, packaging, oa nl supplies, equipment, tools for production - processing ) have opportunities to d develop in Vietnam, thereby creating conditions for seafood enterprises to be more va an lu active in production Fourth, the CPTPPs that took effect and were put into effect in 2019 have u nf ll facilitated our country's exports In the Japanese market, although Vietnam has m oi signed a free trade agreement, but seafood products exported to this market are still z at nh subject to 3.5% for fresh seafood and 7.3% for processed seafood When participating in the CPTPP, thanks to tax reduction, it will create very favorable conditions when z competing on prices, promote production and export l gm @ 3.1.4 Challenges m co Firstly, Vietnamese seafood has not yet built a national brand name for key an Lu products, so Vietnamese seafood products are highly dependent on market fluctuations, low profits and under great competitive pressure Vietnam is a country n va ac th si with strengths in aquaculture and fishing, but every year, Vietnam still has to import a large amount of raw materials for export processing In 2018, Vietnam imported 1.7 billion USD of seafood materials The reason is due to the volatility of the market and the inaccurate forecast of the source of raw materials for seafood processing, leading to an imbalance between supply and demand Secondly, competitive pressure is the first problem for the Vietnamese economy and businesses However, competition always has a clear duality On the one hand, competition will be very negative for weak businesses, especially those with outdated production and business technology On the other hand, competition brings the motivation for enterprises to continuously innovate and create, while lu an creating more choices for consumers va n Thirdly, to enjoy tariff preferences under the CPTPP, Vietnam's exports to tn must meet the criteria for goods origin This is a challenge because of the awareness ie gh of businesses, especially small and medium enterprises, regarding integration in p general and the tax reduction roadmap, origin criteria in particular are incomplete as well as export goods are highly dependent on imported raw materials from foreign lu 3.2 Solutions d oa nl w countries va an In recent years, the seafood industry Vietnam has seen strong growth and u nf achieved many positive results Vietnam has become one of the countries with the ll largest seafood export value in the world The development of the fishery industry m oi has made an important contribution to promoting economic growth, creating many z at nh new jobs, and improving people's living standards z However, besides the achieved results, the fisheries sector still has many gm @ limitations and faces many difficulties and challenges, such as the production scale is not commensurate with the potential; the structure of the fisheries sector is not l m co reasonable; the aquaculture infrastructure system is still backward and lacks synchronization; investment capital for aquaculture infrastructure is still difficult; an Lu inefficient production organization; The quality and added value of the fishery n va industry is still low In addition, the protection of aquatic resources has not yet been ac th si paid attention Policy for fisheries development has not really been effective Especially, there is still the situation of fishermen illegally fishing in foreign waters Therefore, the Country as well as seafood enterprises need to take measures to promote exports: 3.2.1 For the Country • Continue to focus on restructuring the seafood industry on the basis of fully assessing domestic and world market demand To link the restructuring of the fisheries sector with the conditions of aquaculture development of each region and each locality, and adapt to climate change Link the restructuring of the fisheries lu sector with the reorganization of production along the value chain from production, an input material supply to farming, exploitation, processing, preservation and n va consumption in order to reduce costs, improve productivity, quality, efficiency and to gh tn improve the competitiveness of Vietnamese seafood products p ie • Transfer from farming, mining traditional manner to industrialized fisheries sector, high-tech applications Reorganize mining activities, promote nl w farming, modernize management, promote application of science and technology d oa Restructure the fishing industry, associated with the protection of aquatic resources an lu and the environment At the same time, modernize ships and equipment, ensuring to va improve fishing efficiency Restructuring the fisheries industry, strongly shifting to ll u nf marine aquaculture It must be determined that this is a breakthrough task in oi m restructuring the fisheries industry in the coming period to promote fisheries growth, shift the labor structure from fishing to farming, and create many jobs, improve the z at nh lives of the people z • Enhancing the role of the Fisheries Association in supporting export @ l gm enterprises, providing information and consulting for businesses, building a team of professional staff to meet international requirements Develop trade promotion m co activities to support enterprises to penetrate the market, strengthen the relationship of international trade an Lu Fisheries Association with local and foreign authorities to handle disputes in n va ac th si • Maintain and strengthen the control of food hygiene and safety Strictly and seriously this stage can improve the quality of goods exported to Japan Especially warning, for businesses to be aware that product quality for the market is a prerequisite for success • Signing trade agreements, bilateral and multilateral agreements to call for capital and technical assistance to develop domestic seafood production, boost exports, and improve the reputation of Vietnamese seafood products in the world Quickly approve the project to establish a seafood export insurance fund submitted by The Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development to partially support the damage to units and organizations that produce and export seafood in general facing force lu an majeure risks or the export market fluctuates badly n va • The Country should obtain a preferential capital from different sources tn to (budget capital, ODA capital, long-term loans from international organizations) to gh develop the production of aquatic raw materials through infrastructure construction, p ie resource investigation, research, transfer and application of advanced technology, w first of all, technology for seed production of economically valuable species, oa nl technology for offshore fishing, fisheries management support, quality management, d environmental management, market information support, training of experts and an lu technical staff u nf va • The Country should have preferential credit policies for fishermen to ll borrow capital to build ships and purchase necessary equipment for fishing, especially m oi offshore fishing It is necessary to simplify procedures for lending to fishermen, apply z at nh a lending policy with low interest rates and long loan terms to encourage fishermen to borrow capital for production Support loan interest rates for export enterprises, z have not raised prices of electricity, coal and other inputs Adjust the exchange rate @ l gm in the direction of supporting exports and widening the exchange rate band m co 3.2.2 For the Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers an Lu • Promote planning and investment in concentrated and large-scale aquaculture areas with advanced technology according to sustainable ecological n va ac th si model in key areas, focus on forms of investment through seafood processing facilities, take the processing facility as the focal point of investment planning in the concentrated aquaculture area Farming areas must be planned so that population clusters can be formed, traffic works, electricity supply, domestic water supply, infrastructures, culture and complete infrastructure built There must be a reasonable irrigation system, culverts, canals and ditches to ensure a good supply of water, which is treated before being put into ponds and treated with waste water and waste after farming Develop national programs to develop each specific species of culture, especially those with high output and economic value • Apply science and technology to self-produce the necessary quantity of lu an aquatic breeds and ensure quality for farming; apply biotechnology (genetics, n va hybridization, selection) to create new varieties with high yield and disease resistance tn to For a number of aquatic species with high economic value that cannot be produced gh domestically, technology can be imported or foreign experts can produce seeds to p ie meet production requirements To set up centers specializing in large-scale seed w production both to manage the quality and reduce the cost of seed production, and to oa nl combat environmental pollution d • Implements a clean farming process according to international safety and lu va an hygiene standards (GAP, HACCP); apply technologies and management methods to eliminate the use of banned chemicals and antibiotics in the aquaculture process This u nf ll is considered a big step for the seafood industry to ensure the hygiene requirements m oi of aquatic products right from the raw material stage z at nh • Support, promotion and marketing of Vietnam's seafood brand to Japan: as a representative of seafood export enterprises, it is necessary to provide adequate, z gm @ timely information about the Japanese market for businesses and help solve problems arising in enterprises in exporting seafood to Japan In addition, the Association l should conduct research on the Japanese seafood market, research and recommend m co participation in fairs, organize advertising campaigns for Vietnamese seafood an Lu products in Japan, coordinate with importers and distributors in potential markets to advertise and promote Vietnamese seafood products or provide technical assistance n va ac th si and training to market staff of production enterprises, processing aquatic products for export Coordinate with tourism to bring seafood cuisine to bring Vietnamese culture to Vietnamese restaurants in Japan Strengthening links between tourism companies and seafood export enterprises of Vietnam and restaurants in Japan 3.2.3 For Businesses Japanese market which is very fastidious in choosing seafood with the purpose of protecting public health Therefore, Vietnamese exporters need to focus on the following solutions: • Firstly, strict controls on chemical residues and banned the use of antibiotics lu an It is necessary to strictly implement the use of chemicals and antibiotics in n va aquaculture, processing and preservation of aquatic products Strengthen supervision to tn of seafood production and processing of enterprises For exporting enterprises, it is ie gh necessary to carry out a certification test for banned antibiotic residues in seafood p according to regulations of Japanese authorities nl w The total solution to control injection contamination and antibiotic residues d oa includes all activities at all stages of the process chain that need to be managed, strict lu sanctions, better education propaganda in all branches and all levels Because of the va an list of banned chemicals for seafood, other industries are still "indifferent" for u nf circulation and use in other activities of life Therefore, it is necessary to take a firm ll stance against the actions of injecting impurities (agar), or salting raw materials with m oi bitter powder because it is not only commercial fraud but must be considered z at nh dangerous behavior, more serious, affecting human health and life z • Second, improve the quality, safety and hygiene (ATVS) of exported gm @ seafood l Ensure the quality and safety standards of Japanese consumers, Vietnamese m co seafood processing enterprises need to: Quickly apply the quality management an Lu program according to HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point) similar to EU, US and Korean regulations and Vietnam is still implementing Improve the quality of n va ac th si seafood raw materials and reduce input prices by equipping a storage system on board, build a system of fish markets at fishing ports of key provinces, industrial processing and consumption centers Special attention is paid to aquaculture as the main source of raw materials for processing because aquaculture products are usually of better quality and uniform in quantity than caught products, the preservation of preprocessing is also more convenient and reduce risks caused by microorganisms • Third, the planning of aquaculture areas for export The planning of aquaculture areas must ensure the following basic principles: Firstly, aquaculture in the direction of sustainable development, associated with the protection of the ecological environment; secondly, aquaculture must be gradually lu an modernized, developed according to the main method of industrial farming, n va combined with other farming methods suitable to the conditions of each region; third, tn to to focus strongly on developing brackish water aquaculture and marine aquaculture, gh and at the same time developing freshwater aquaculture; fourth, create strong changes p ie in shrimp farming for export, and at the same time focus on farming other aquatic w products for domestic consumption and export oa nl • Fourth, enhance equipment renewal, modernize seafood processing and d preservation technology to ensure the quality of seafood exported to Japan Select to lu va an import advanced Japanese fishing, farming and processing technologies in line with the actual conditions of human resources and the conditions of Vietnam's aquatic ll u nf resources m oi • Fifth, human resources need to be trained in accordance with the level of z at nh technology, master and make good use of modern machinery and equipment, have knowledge and understanding of food safety and hygiene from production, z l • Sixth, build a brand for export products gm @ purchasing, transportation to preservation and processing m co Build a brand for products exported to Japan, Vietnamese businesses need: an Lu request the National Office of Intellectual Property of Vietnam to guide, help and support to be registered for protection of corporate trademarks in the Japanese market; n va ac th si studying the law on product promotion of Japan and applying all forms of promotion and brand promotion in accordance with the provisions of Japanese law; carefully study the needs and tastes of Japanese consumers in order to offer and promote appropriate brands to create a strong impression on Japanese people about the unique features of products and brands of Vietnamese businesses; seeking support and help from the Ambassador, Trade Office of Vietnam in Japan, international organizations to settle trademark disputes in the Japanese market; cooperating with processors, distributors of agricultural products and food with prestigious Japanese brands Understand the market needs and consumer tastes of the people of Japan: With an extremely demanding market such as Japan, the enterprise needs to investigate and lu an research the market carefully: market capacity, competitors, distribution channels, n va market penetration methods, partner business culture, price levels, time limits, new p ie gh tn to consumer trends, consumer culture, … d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si REFERENCES Belay Seyoum, PhD, “Export-Import Theory, Practices, and Procedures”, Second Edition Justin Paul & Rajiv Aserkar, “Export import Management”, Second Edition, Oxford University Press Henry Thompton “International Economics: Global Markets and Competition” (3rd Edition), April 2011 Sri Lanka National Study, “Potential Exports and Nontariff Barriers to Trade” , April 2019, publisher Asian Development Bank lu an Paul R.Krugman, Maurine Obstfeld, “International economics theory and n va policy”, sixth edition, Boston San Francisco New York to gh tn 6.“Specification Manual for IMPORTING SEAFOOD IN JAPAN”, Tokyo, January 2021, Embassy of Vietnam in Japan, Vietnam Trade in Japan p ie w Torbjørn Trondsen Professor, “ Criteria and Methodology to improve the effects oa nl of international trade on food sercurity in fishing-exporting and fishing-importing d developing countries” Norwegian College of Fishery Science University of Tromsø, va an lu Norway ll u nf Website “the General Department of Customs” m oi Website “the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development” z at nh 10 Website “Association of Seafood Exporters and Producers” z gm @ 11 Website: “The Country of World Fisheries and Aquaculture” en165.html, 03,2020 m co l 12.Website:https://thienlocphat.asia/japan-increased-import-of-fresh-raw-squid- an Lu 13.Website:https://www.globaltradetracker.com/search/The+10+largest+seafood+e n va xporting+countries+to+Japan+in+the+period+2017-2020 ac th si 14.Website: https://tradingeconomics.com/vietnam/exports/japan/fishcrustaceansmolluscs-aquatics-invertebrates 15.Website:https://www.agr.gc.ca/eng/internationaltrade/marketintelligence/reports/ sector-trend-analysis-fish-and-seafood-trendsinjapan/?id=1595249033288(July 2020) 16.Website http://www.fao.org/3/a1454e/a1454e04.pdf lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si