socio-technical networks science and engineering design

Electrical Engineering While there are sporadic journal articles on socio-technical networks, there’s long been a need for an integrated resource that addresses concrete socio-technical network (STN) design issues from algorithmic and engineering perspectives. Filling this need, Socio-Technical Networks: Science and Engineering Design provides a complete introduction to the fundamentals of one of the hottest research areas across the social sciences, networking, and computer science—including its denition, historical background, and models. Covering basic STN architecture from a physical/technological perspective, the book considers the system design process in a typical STN, including inputs, processes/actions, and outputs/products. It covers current applica- tions in society, including transportation networks, energy systems, tele- healthcare, nancial networks, and the World Wide Web. A group of STN expert contributors addresses privacy and security topics in the inter- dependent context of critical infrastructure, which include risk models, trust models, and privacy preserving schemes. • Covers the physical and technological designs in a typical STN • Considers STN applications in popular elds, such as healthcare and the virtual community • Details a method for mapping and measuring complexity, uncertainty, and interactions among STN components The book examines the most important STN models, including graph theory, inferring agent dynamics, decision theory, and information mining. It also explains structural studies, behavioral studies, agent/actor system studies and policy studies, in different STN contexts. Complete with in-depth case studies, this book supplies the practical insight needed to address contemporary STN design issues. ISBN: 978-1-4398-0980-8 9 781439 809808 90000 K10490 ww w. crcpres s.c om www.auerbach-publications.com Socio-Technical Networks Hu Mostashari Xie Socio-Technical Networks Science and Engineering Design Socio-Technical Networks Science and Engineering Design Edited by Fei Hu Ali Mostashari Jiang Xie CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-0981-5 (Ebook-PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not-for-profit organization that provides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a photocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC To Fang Yang and Gloria Yang Hu …… To Ali’s family …… To Linda’s family vii © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Contents Preface ix About the Authors xi Contributors List xiii 1 Sociotechnical Systems: AConceptual Introduction 1 ALI MOSTASHARI 2 Systems-Level Modeling of Sociotechnical Systems 13 ALI MOSTASHARI 3 Dynamic Models and Analysis for Information Propagation in Online Social Networks 39 XIAOHONG GUAN, YADONG ZHOU, QINGHUA ZHENG, QINDONG SUN, AND JUNZHOU ZHAO 4 Analyzing Sociotechnical Networks: A Spectrum Perspective 71 XINTAO WU, XIAOWEI YING, AND LETING WU 5 Sociotechnical Network Models: A Review 105 TODD AYCOCK, JUSTIN HEADLEY, JUSTIN FLOYD, AND FEI HU 6 Understanding Interactions among BitTorrent Peers 127 HAIYANG WANG, LI MA, CAMERON DALE, AND JIANGCHUAN LIU 7 Sociotechnical Environments and Assistive Technology Abandonment 167 STEFAN PARRY CARMIEN 8 A Sociotechnical Collaborative Negotiation Approach to Support Group Decisions for Engineering Design 181 STEPHEN CY. LU, NAN JING, AND JIAN CAI 9 Risk Analysis in Sociotechnical System 229 JONATHAN SCOTT CORLEY AND FEI HU viii  ◾  Contents © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 10 Privacy Support in Cloud-Computing-Based Sociotechnical Networks 249 YAO WU, FEI HU, AND QI HAO 11 Trust Models in Cloud-Computing-Based Sociotechnical Networks 271 YAO WU, FEI HU, AND QI HAO 12 Networking Protocols in Sociotechnical Networks 297 DONG ZHANG AND FEI HU 13 Design Tools of Sociotechnical Networks 313 LING XU AND FEI HU 14 Sociotechnical Networks for Healthcare Applications 325 JOSHUA DAVENPORT, GABRIEL HILLARD, AND FEI HU 15 Collaborative Software Development Based on Socialtechnical Networks 343 RYAN ANDREW TAYLOR AND FEI HU 16 Virtual Communities Based on Sociotechnical Systems 369 KELI KOHOUE, SADITH OSSENI, AND FEI HU Index 383 ix © 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Preface Needless to say, one of the hottest research elds across computer networking and social sciences is sociotechnical networks (STNs). In general when we discuss socio- technical networks in this book, we are referring to systems such as the Internet, power grids, and transportation networks enabled by data communication networks and telecommunication networks. us, the focus is on the technological network and understanding the complexities of designing, managing, and operating such networks using social/organization networks. is sets the focus apart from work process design or ergonomics, and concentrates on the design and architecture of large-scale technological networks that are inuenced by and in turn impact a social network of people and organizations with dierent goals and values. Here, we dene a sociotechnical system as a dynamic entity comprised of inter- dependent and interacting social/institutional and physical/technological parts, characterized by inputs, processes/actions, and outputs/products. Sociotechnical systems are usually composed of a group of related component and subsystems, for which the degree and nature of the relationships is not always clearly understood. ey have large, long-lived impacts that span over a wide geographical area. Many have integrated subsystems coupled through feedback loops and are aected by social, political, and economic issues. Examples of systems that fall within this category are transportation networks, telecommunication systems, energy systems, the World Wide Web, water alloca- tion systems, nancial networks, etc. Such systems have wide-ranging impacts, and are characterized by dierent types and levels of complexity, uncertainty, and risk, as well as a large number of stakeholders. is book will mainly cover the following aspects in STNs: 1. Fundamentals of Sociotechnical Networks: In this part, we will introduce the basic concept of STN including its denition, historical background, and signicance. 2. STN Models: Social Network Analysis (SNA) is a mathematical method for “connecting the dots.” SNA allows us to map and measure complex, and sometimes covert, human groups and organizations. [...]... transportation networks enabled by data communication networks, and telecommunication networks Thus, the focus is on the technological network and understanding the complexities of designing, managing, and operating such networks using social/organization networks This sets the focus apart from work process design or ergonomics, and concentrates on the design and architecture of large-scale technological networks. .. Vol 21, 3–87 Land, K.C and Schneider, S.H 1987 Forecasting in the Social and Natural Sciences: An Overview and Statement of Isomorphisms In K.C Land and S H Schneider, eds., Forecasting in the Social and Natural Sciences Boston: D Reidel Mazur, A 1981 Media Coverage and Public Opinion on Scientific Controversies 31 J. COMM., 106 (1981) Mitola, J 2006 Cognitive Radio Architecture: The Engineering Foundations... Kong University of Science and Technology in 1999, and M.S and Ph.D degrees from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 2002 and 2004, respectively, all in electrical engineering She is currently an assistant professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte She was a graduate research assistant in the Broadband and Wireless Networking... London: Pinter Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 1999, ISBN: 978-0-471-13946-1 Hardcover 17616 pages Wiley: March 1999 Kling, R., McKim, G., and King, A 2003 A bit more to IT: scholarly communication forums as socio-technical interaction networks Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(1), 46–67 Kling, R and Scacchi, W 1982 The web of computing:... interests are sensor networks, wireless networks, network security, and their applications in biomedicine His research has been supported by the U.S National Science Foundation, Cisco, Sprint, and other sources He obtained his Ph.D degrees at Tongji University (Shanghai) in the field of signal processing (in 1999), and at Clarkson University (New York) in the field of electrical and computer engineering (in... sociotechnical networks has been primarily explored at the data network level Many sociotechncial data network layers are heterogeneous in nature and can include a TCP/IP backbone, sensor networks, WiMax, wireless local area networks, and cellular networks, all of which are vulnerable to security breaches There have been extensive studies on network security for different sociotechnical systems, including risk and. .. jurisdictional and geographical boundaries Issues of local versus global optimization for larger-scale sociotechnical networks are fundamental systems-level decisions that need to depend on the organization and structure of the social network layer and on the economic optimization of locally managed networks as well as other system attributes and properties such as reliability, resilience, and security... institutional context and political economy, stakeholder involvement, labor relations, and social goals of sociotechnical systems, as well as ecosystem and sustainability research 1.5  Sociotechnical Networks One major type of sociotechnical system is sociotechnical networks These are normally networked physical/technological systems used and managed by a network of people, organizations, and enterprises... Sociotechnical networks are important because they can span across nations and impact millions of individuals They are often critical in the effective functioning of societies and economies Because of their networked nature, sociotechnical networks face major challenges with regard to security, resilience, reliability, multiobjective multilayer optimization, and tensions between local and global control and optimization... optimization algorithm based on Darwinian evolutionary mechanisms and uses a combination of random mutation and crossover and selection procedures to breed better models or solutions from an originally random starting population or sample (Wall, 1996) Optimization methods are tools that are suitable for analyzing large-scale networks and allocation processes, but may not fit all purposes Often when . socio-technical network (STN) design issues from algorithmic and engineering perspectives. Filling this need, Socio-Technical Networks: Science and Engineering Design provides a complete introduction. Networks Hu Mostashari Xie Socio-Technical Networks Science and Engineering Design Socio-Technical Networks Science and Engineering Design Edited by Fei Hu Ali Mostashari Jiang Xie CRC Press Taylor. transportation networks enabled by data communication networks and telecommunication networks. us, the focus is on the technological network and understanding the complexities of designing, managing, and