Saunder July 14, 2010 18:20 K10322˙C000 Saunder July 14, 2010 18:20 K10322˙C000 Saunder July 14, 2010 18:20 K10322˙C000 Saunder July 14, 2010 18:20 K10322˙C000 CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4398-0649-4 (Hardback) is book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. 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Long-term evolution (Telecommunications) I. Song, Lingyang. II. Shen, Jia, 1977- III. Title. TK5103.485.E96 2011 621.3845’6 dc22 2010025218 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Saunder July 14, 2010 18:20 K10322˙C000 Contents Contributors vii SECTION I INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction to UMTS: WCDMA, HSPA, TD-SCDMA, and LTE 3 MATTHEW BAKER AND XIAOBO ZHANG 2 Overview of Wireless Channel Models for UMTS and LTE 43 ABBAS MOHAMMED AND ASAD MEHMOOD 3 Virtual Drive Test 79 AVRAHAM FREEDMAN AND MOSHE LEVIN SECTION II 3G PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION 4 WCDMA Planning and Optimization 115 XUEMIN HUANG AND MEIXIA TAO 5 TD-SCDMA Network Planning and Optimization 189 JIANHUA ZHANG AND GUANGYI LIU SECTION III HSPA PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION 6 Capacity, Coverage Planning, and Dimensioning for HSPA 231 ANIS MASMOUDI AND TAREK BEJAOUI 7 Radio Resource Optimization and Scheduling Techniques for HSPA and LTE Advanced Technologies 265 TAREK BEJAOUI, ANIS MASMOUDI, AND NIDAL NASSER v Saunder July 14, 2010 18:20 K10322˙C000 vi Contents 8 Teletraffic Engineering for HSDPA and HSUPA Cells 297 MACIEJ STASIAK, PIOTR ZWIERZYKOWSKI, AND MARIUSZ G / LA¸BOWSKI 9 Radio Resource Management for E-MBMS Transmissions towards LTE 331 ANTONIOS ALEXIOU, CHRISTOS BOURAS, AND VASILEIOS KOKKINOS 10 Managing Coverage and Interference in UMTS Femtocell Deployments 361 JAY A. WEITZEN, BALAJI RAGHOTHAMAN, AND ANAND SRINIVAS SECTION IV LTE PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION 11 RF Planning and Optimization for LTE Networks 399 MOHAMMAD S. SHARAWI 12 Advanced Radio Access Networks for LTE and Beyond 433 PETAR DJUKIC, MAHMUDUR RAHMAN, HALIM YANIKOMEROGLU, AND JIETAO ZHANG 13 Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) Closed-Loop Power Control for 3G LTE 455 BILAL MUHAMMAD AND ABBAS MOHAMMED 14 Key Technologies and Network Planning in TD-LTE Systems 487 MUGEN PENG, CHANGQING YANG, BIN HAN, LI LI, AND HSIAO HWA CHEN 15 Planning and Optimization of Multihop Relaying Networks 549 FERNANDO GORDEJUELA-SANCHEZ AND JIE ZHANG 16 LTE E-MBMS Capacity and Intersite Gains 587 AM ´ ERICO CORREIA, RUI DINIS, NUNO SOUTO, AND JO ˜ AO SILVA Index 611 Saunder July 14, 2010 18:20 K10322˙C000 Contributors Antonios Alexiou University of Patras Patras, Achaia, Greece Matthew Baker Alcatel-Lucent Cambridge, United Kingdom Tarek Bejaoui Mediatron Lab University of Carthage Sfax, Tunisia Christos Bouras University of Patras and RACTI Patras, Achaia, Greece Hsiao Hwa Chen Department of Engineering Science National Cheng Kung University Tainan City, Taiwan, Republic of China Am ´ erico Correia Instituto de Telecomunicac¸ ˜ oes ISCTE-IUL Lisboa, Portugal Rui Dinis Instituto de Telecomunicac¸ ˜ oes FCT-UNL Caparica, Portugal Petar Djukic Department of Septenes and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa, Canada Avraham Freedman NICE Systems Ltd. Intelligence Solutions Division Ra’anana, Israel Mariusz G / la¸bowski Poznan University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications Chair of Communications and Computer Networks Poznan, Poland Fernando Gordejuela-Sánchez Centre for Wireless Network Design (CWiND) University of Bedfordshire Luton, United Kingdom Bin Han Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing, People’s Republic of China Xuemin Huang NG Networks Co., Ltd. Suzhou, People’s Republic of China vii Saunder July 14, 2010 18:20 K10322˙C000 viii Contributors Vasileios Kokkinos University of Patras and RACTI Patras, Achaia, Greece Moshe Levin NICE Systems Ltd. Cellular Technology Department Ra’anana, Israel Li Li Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing, People’s Republic of China Guangyi Liu Research Institute of China Mobile Beijing, People’s Republic of China Anis Masmoudi Mediatron Lab University of Carthage Tunisia and ISECS Institute University of Sfax Sfax, Tunisia Asad Mehmood Department of Signal Processing School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Blekinge, Sweden Abbas Mohammed Department of Signal Processing School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology Blekinge, Sweden Bilal Muhammad Department of Electronics Engineering IQRA University Peshawar Campus NWFP Peshawar, Pakistan Nidal Nasser Department of Computing and Information Science University of Guelph Guelph, Canada Mugen Peng Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing, People’s Republic of China Balaji Raghothamon Airvana Chelmsford, Massachusetts Mahmudur Rahman Department of Septenes and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa, Canada Mohammad S. Sharawi Electrical Engineering Department King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dharan, Saudi Arabia Jo ˜ ao Silva Instituto de Telecomunicac¸ ˜ oes ISCTE-IUL Lisbon, Portugal Nuno Souto Instituto de Telecomunicac¸ ˜ oes ISCTE-IUL Lisboa, Portugal Anand Srinivas Airvana Chelmsford, Massachusetts Saunder July 14, 2010 18:20 K10322˙C000 Contributors ix Maciej Stasiak Poznan University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications Chair of Communications and Computer Networks Poznan, Poland Meixia Tao Institute of Wireless Communication Technology Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Jay Weitzen Airvana and university of Massachusetts Lowell ECE Department Chelmsford, Massachusetts Changqing Yang Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing, People’s Republic of China Halim Yanikomeroglu Department of Septenes and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa, Canada Jianhua Zhang Wireless Technology Innovation (WTI) Institute of Beijing University of Posts and Telecom Beijing, People’s Republic of China Jie Zhang Centre for Wireless Network Design (CWiND) University of Bedfordshire Luton, United Kingdom Jietao Zhang Huawei Wireless Research Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China Xiaobo Zhang Alcatel-Lucent Shanghai Bell Shanghai, People’s Republic of China Piotr Zwierzykowski Poznan University of Technology Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications Chair of Communications and Computer Networks Poznan, Poland Saunder July 7, 2010 9:20 K10322˙C001 INTRODUCTION I [...]... aspects of UMTS and CDMA that affect network planning and optimization have been introduced earlier In many cases, an extensive range of parameters and options are provided in the UMTS specifications to enable these aspects to be configured and tuned to maximize performance in particular scenarios For example, for handover, thresholds may be configured to optimize the trade-off between fast handover and ping-pong... Dual-Band HSDPA 9:20 Multimedia Broadcast/ Multicast Service (MBMS) K10322˙C001 Downlink performance Downlink performance Downlink performance Downlink performance requirements for requirements for linear requirements for rx requirements for receive diversity equalizer diversity + equalizer interference cancellation Long-term evolution (LTE) Figure 1.3 Key features of each UMTS release Evolved Cellular Network. .. date Figure 1.8 Closed-loop power control in UMTS Saunder July 7, 2010 9:20 K10322˙C001 Adjust SIR target up or down as appropriate 16 Evolved Cellular Network Planning and Optimization Uplink: Selection combining in RNC RNC Downlink: Soft combining in UE Figure 1.9 Soft handover in UMTS Soft handover can play an important role in increasing network capacity in UMTS, since it provides a source of diversity... requirements and consequent changes for network planning In parallel with the widespread deployment and continuing development of HSPA, a radical new step is also available in the form of the long-term evolution (LTE) of UMTS LTE aims to provide a further major step forward in the provision of mobile data services, and will become widely deployed in the second decade of the 21st century LTE continues... 7 challenges for network planning and optimization for HSPA, as it becomes necessary to take into account the planning of different frequencies and combinations of aggregated carriers in addition to the original aspects of UMTS network planning In some cases, this may even extend to the different aggregated carriers having significantly different coverage areas if they are in different bands 1.4 TD-SCDMA... Principles of LTE 31 1.5.2.1 Multi-Carrier Multiple Access 32 1.5.2.2 Multi-Antenna Technology 34 1.5.2.3 Packet-Switched Radio Interface 36 1.5.2.4 Flat Network Architecture 37 1.5.2.5 Evolved MBMS 37 1.5.3 Network Planning Considerations for LTE 38 1.5.3.1 Interference Management 38 1.5.3.2 Other Aspects of Network Planning 39 1.5.3.3 Network Self -Optimization. .. principle of CDMA 4 Introduction to UMTS: WCDMA, HSPA, TD-SCDMA, and LTE NodeB 11 12 Evolved Cellular Network Planning and Optimization 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 –1 –1 1 1 –1 1 –1 1 –1 1 –1 –1 1 SF = 2 SF = 4 SF = 8 Figure 1.6 Orthogonal variable spreading factor code tree time-aligned, but poor and variable cross-correlation if they are not time-aligned This means they are suitable for separating data flows (a.k.a.,... predominant cellular technique for the next four decades, up to and including the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), which was the first cellular system to achieve worldwide penetration, with billions of users Such widespread deployment has led to a high level of understanding of network planning issues for GSM, in particular in relation to frequency reuse planning Practical network deployments... (SDOs) covering Europe (ETSI), Japan (ARIB and TTC), Korea (TTA), North America (ATIS), and China (CCSA) ∗ International Mobile Telecommunications for the year 2000 Saunder July 7, 2010 9:20 K10322˙C001 6 Evolved Cellular Network Planning and Optimization 1G (analogue) 2G (digital, e.g., GSM) 3G (IMT-2000 family, e.g., UMTS) 4G (IMT-advanced family, e.g., LTE- advanced) Figure 1.2 The generations of... behavior, depending on the environment and characteristics of each cell In addition, the network operator may consider other implementationrelated techniques to improve performance For example, network synchronization [whereby the NodeBs are tightly synchronized, often by means of an external Saunder July 7, 2010 9:20 K10322˙C001 20 Evolved Cellular Network Planning and Optimization time reference such as . RAGHOTHAMAN, AND ANAND SRINIVAS SECTION IV LTE PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION 11 RF Planning and Optimization for LTE Networks 399 MOHAMMAD S. SHARAWI 12 Advanced Radio Access Networks for LTE and Beyond. 3G PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION 4 WCDMA Planning and Optimization 115 XUEMIN HUANG AND MEIXIA TAO 5 TD-SCDMA Network Planning and Optimization 189 JIANHUA ZHANG AND GUANGYI LIU SECTION III HSPA PLANNING. PLANNING AND OPTIMIZATION 6 Capacity, Coverage Planning, and Dimensioning for HSPA 231 ANIS MASMOUDI AND TAREK BEJAOUI 7 Radio Resource Optimization and Scheduling Techniques for HSPA and LTE Advanced