A transitivity comparison of experiential meanings in english and vietnamese linguistics articles

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS A TRANSITIVITY COMPARISON OF EXPERIENTIAL MEANINGS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE LINGUISTICS ARTICLES Nghiên cứu so sánh bình diện chuyển tác nghĩa trải nghiệm báo ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh tiếng Việt ĐINH THỊ HƯƠNG Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 Hanoi, 10/ 2022 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY M.A THESIS A TRANSITIVITY COMPARISON OF EXPERIENTIAL MEANINGS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE LINGUISTICS ARTICLES Nghiên cứu so sánh bình diện chuyển tác nghĩa trải nghiệm báo ngôn ngữ tiếng Anh tiếng Việt ĐINH THỊ HƯƠNG Field: English Language Code: 8.22.02.01 Supervisor: Dr Lê Phương Thảo Hanoi, 10/ 2022 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I, the undersigned, hereby certify my authority of the study project report entitled “A TRANSITIVITY COMPARISON OF EXPERIENTIAL MEANINGS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE LINGUISTICS ARTICLES” submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in English Language Except where the reference is indicated, no other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the text of the thesis Hanoi, 2022 Đinh Thị Hương Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Supervisor: Dr Lê Phương Thảo Date:…………………… i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to my research supervisor, Dr Lê Phương Thảo, Faculty of English, Hanoi Open University for her careful guidance and professional, academic advice on my thesis I am really lucky to receive her great encouragement, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge to finish my thesis in such a limited time I am also grateful to all the lecturers of my MA course at Faculty of English, Hanoi Open University, for their useful guidance and support and all the staff of the Post - graduate Department at Hanoi Open University for their sympathy and administrative assistance I would also like to send my special thanks to my friends and colleagues to support me in completing the research and sharing helpful materials and experiences during my study Finally, I owe my all family a debt of gratitude, especially my parents, who always stand by me and provide me with emotional support and great care while my thesis was in process and have helped me overcome many unexpected difficulties during the course and the thesis This accomplishment would not have been possible without them ii TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii ABSTRACT vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES viii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale 1.2 Aim and objectives of the study 1.3 Research questions 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Significance of the study 1.6 Structure of the study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Previous studies 2.2 Theoretical background 2.2.1 Overview of systemic - functional grammar 2.2.2 Functions of language 11 2.2.3 Transitivity 12 19 2.3 Summary 20 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research design 20 3.2 Research methods 20 3.3 Criteria for collecting data 21 3.4 Data collection 21 3.5 Data analysis 21 3.6 Reliability and validity 23 CHAPTER 4: TRANSITIVITY IN ENGLISH LINGUISTICS ARTICLES 24 Processes 24 4.1.1 Material Process 25 4.1.2 Mental process 25 4.1.3 Existential processes 26 4.1.4 Verbal Process 26 4.1 iii 4.1.5 Relational Process 27 4.1.6 Behavioral Process 27 Participants 28 4.2.1 Material Process 29 4.2.2 Verbal Process 30 4.2.3 Relational Process 31 4.2.4 Mental Process 31 4.2.5 Existential Process 32 4.2.6 Behavioral Process 32 Circumstances 33 4.3.1 Circumstances of Location 35 4.3.2 Circumstances of Cause 36 4.3.3 Circumstances of Manner 36 4.3.4 Circumstances of Angle 37 4.3.5 Circumstances of Accompaniment 37 4.3.6 Other Circumstances 37 Summary 39 4.2 4.3 4.4 CHAPTER 5: TRANSITIVITY IN VIETNAMESE LINGUISTICS ARTICLES 40 40 5.1 Processes 5.1.1 Material process 41 5.1.2 Verbal Process 41 5.1.3 Mental Process 42 5.1.4 Existential Process 43 5.1.5 Relational Process 44 5.1.6 Behavioral Process 44 Participants 44 5.2.1 Material Process 46 5.2.2 Verbal Process 47 5.2.3 Mental Process 48 5.2.4 Existential Process 49 5.2.5 Relational Process 49 5.2.6 Behavioral Process 50 Circumstances 50 5.3.1 Circumstances of Location 53 5.3.2 Circumstances of Cause 53 5.2 5.3 iv 5.3.3 Circumstances of Manner 54 5.3.4 Circumstances of Stance 54 5.3.5 Circumstances of accompaniment 55 5.3.6 Circumstances of contingency 56 5.3.7 Circumstances of matter 56 5.3.8 Circumstances of extent 57 5.3.9 Circumstances of role 57 Summary 58 5.4 CHAPTER 6: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE EXPERIENTIAL MEANINGS ARE EXPRESSED IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE LINGUISTICS ARTICLES 59 6.1 In terms of process types 59 6.2 In terms of participants 60 6.3 In terms of circumstances 62 6.4 Summary 63 65 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 7.1 Recapitulation 65 7.2 Concluding remarks 68 7.3 Limitations of the study 69 7.4 Recommendations and suggestions for further research 70 REFERENCES 71 IN ENGLISH 71 IN VIETNAMESE 73 ENGLISH SOURCES 73 VIETNAMESE SOURCES 74 v ABSTRACT The study aims to help learners of English to understand experiential meanings in English and Vietnamese linguistics articles from a perspective of systemicfunctional grammar The research was carried out based on a combination of a variety of methods such as the analytic method, descriptive, contrastive, and synthetic method The researcher has carried out this study which is mainly based on the Functional Grammar of Halliday and Matthiessen's theory (2004) to investigate the transitivity system of English and Vietnamese linguistics articles As the main aim is to compare how the experiential meanings expressed between the linguistics articles as a whole in the two languages, the corpora include ten research articles from English and Vietnamese linguistics articles However, since the similarities and differences are considered from the transitivity angle, the unit of analysis and comparison is the English and Vietnamese clauses The comparison is then made in terms of percentages due to the differences in the number of clauses in the two corpora The data for analysis was taken from five linguistic articles for each kind of language (English and Vietnamese) for investigation The samples were in the form of clauses in English and Vietnamese linguistic articles collected from the official websites of the linguistics articles in the United Kingdom and “NGÔN NGỮ & đời sống”, the journal of linguistic society of Vietnam The findings show that linguistics scholars in English and Vietnamese construct experiential meanings in their texts in mostly similar ways The differences are also found in the two corpora; but they are mostly reflected in specific percentages of each process type, participant type, and circumstantial type in the two corpora vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Circ.: Circumstance ELAs: The English Linguistics Articles FG: Functional Grammar FL: Foreign language Pro.: Process RA: Research article SFG: Systemic Functional Grammar VLAs: The Vietnamese Linguistics Articles vii LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES Figure 3.1 Types of Processes in ELAs 17 Table 3.2 Participants used in ELAs 21 Table 3.3 Circumstances involved in the Processes in ELAs 25 Figure 3.3 The Percentage of Circumstance Types in ELAs 27 Figure 4.1 Types of Processes in VLAs 32 Table 4.2 Participant Functions used in VLAs 37 Table 4.2.5 The percentage of Participants in Relational Process in VLAs 41 Table 4.3 Circumstances involved in the Process in VLAs 42 Figure 4.4 The Percentage of Circumstance Types in VLAs 44 Figure 5.1 Six process types of English and Vietnamese Linguistics Articles 50 Table 5.2 Participants’ frequency of occurrence and percentage in ESLAs and VSLAs 52 Table 5.3 Circumstances in linguistic articles in English and Vietnamese 53 viii Table 5.2 Participants’ frequency of occurrence and percentage in ESLAs and VSLAs Participants’ function ESLAs Frequency of VSLAs Percentage Frequency of Percentage Occurrence Occurrence Actor 90 27.11 50 16.50 Goal 74 22.29 36 11.88 Recipient 24 7.23 0 Scope 11 3.32 0 Attribute 2.41 2.31 Client 0.60 0.10 Senser 1.51 1.32 Phenomenon 2.11 0.07 Carrier 27 8.13 75 24.75 Attribute 17 5.12 75 24.75 Token 0.90 38 12.54 Value 0.90 38 12.54 Behaver 0 0.03 Behavior 0 0.03 Existent 1.81 1.32 Sayer 35 10.54 0.10 Receiver 2.41 0 Verbiage 12 3.62 0.03 Sum 332 100 303 100 Based on the data analyzed, it could be concluded that English linguistics articles tend to have the same preferences for the use of different Participants for equivalent purposes and functions A similar noticeable point is that actors using linguistics articles take up a large proportion Goal shares the highest rank, above 27.11% versus 16.5% in both ELAs and VLAs Besides, Goal, Carrier, and Attribute are 61 three participants, which account for the high rates in the data Besides the similar features discussed above, there are a number of differences in the use of Participants in the English and Vietnamese linguistics articles Firstly, although Actor is used most in both languages, the Actor in the English data outnumber the Actor in the Vietnamese one The Vietnamese linguistics articles focus less on action and event prediction in their linguistic study Secondly, although Actor and Goal are more prominent than other participants in both the English and Vietnamese data, the distance in the distribution of them is different in Material Processes Actor accounts for 27.11% in English compared with 16.50% in Vietnamese, while Goal takes up 22.29% in ELAs and 11.88% in VLAs Thirdly, we can only find Recipient and Scope in English texts and Behaver and Behavior in Vietnamese ones Finally, the proportions of Carrier, Attribute, Token and Value in Vietnamese linguistic articles are higher than in English ones 6.3 In terms of circumstances Table 5.3 presents a comparison of circumstances in linguistic articles in English and Vietnamese Through the analysis of circumstances in ELAs and VLAs, we can see that most circumstances are Location, Manner, Cause, Accompaniment and Angle Table 5.3 Circumstances in linguistic articles in English and Vietnamese ESLAs VSLAs Types Frequency of Percentage Occurrence Frequency of Percentage Occurrence Extent 0 1.3 Location 87 51.7 65 42 Manner 44 26.2 58 37 Cause 20 11.9 11 7.3 Contingency 1.8 3.2 Accompaniment 2.4 1.9 Role 0 0.5 Matter 1.8 3.1 62 Angle 4.2 3.7 Total 168 100 157 100 As presented in Table 5.3, the percentage of Location is dominant in linguistics articles in English and Vietnamese Contingency, Matter, Accompaniment, and Angle only occupy a small number in the data In linguistics articles of the two languages, the proportion of circumstances is similar In these kinds of circumstances, Contingency, Matter, Accompaniment appear successively at 1.8%, 1.8%, and 2.4% in English and 3.2%, 3.1%, and 1.9% in Vietnamese Angle accounts for only 4.2% in English compared with 3.7% in Vietnamese Location circumstances are dominant in both languages Extent and Role cannot be seen in English and in Vietnamese Extents occur twice (1.3%), Role occur once (0.5%) Linguistics articles are formed to help people know the linguistic information and general social uses of language The information of time and place is very important in linguistic articles Circumstances of Location, Cause, Manner, Accompaniment, and Angle show those things They help humans know when, where and why these situations happen, how these kinds of circumstances, etc Such things are seen in both languages The total instances of types of circumstances in linguistic articles in English are higher than those in Vietnamese (168 versus 157 instances); with 87 versus 65 cases in Location, 20 versus 11 cases in Cause, cases versus in Accompaniment, 44 versus 58 cases in Manner, versus cases in Angle However, there are different big rates of circumstances between both languages To sum up, this reflects that linguistics articles in both English and Vietnamese are detailed, similar to each other and show care for people The result of the research is that there are more similarities than differences between the proportion of circumstances in ESLAs and VSLAs 6.4 Summary From the analysis of linguistic articles in both English and Vietnamese, it can be concluded that both languages possess some features in common We can see Material Processes that become one of the most dominant types and appear with the high rates in the data in both languages The analysis of the transitivity system shows that the Material processes are employed with the highest frequency in the English linguistic articles (42%), while in Vietnamese linguistic articles, they are Relational Processes (44%) Meanwhile, the Mantel Processes rank second in ELAs, but in Vietnamese texts, they are Material Processes These other subtypes of Processes in both languages appear less The analysis reveals interesting results, which help us see similarities as well as 63 differences of other Processes in linguistic articles in English and Vietnamese In the English data, the findings of the research show that there are five main categories of Processes emerging from the English Material Processes are the most prominent Processes identified with Actor, Goal, Scope, attribute and Recipient), followed by Verbal Processes This proves that English linguistics articles focus on the experience of events and actions in language to give cases about the linguistics Meanwhile, most of the Participants occur in the English data with high proportion, namely Actor, Goal while Recipient, Carrier, Sayer and Attribute also appear many times Actor and Goal take of the highest occurrence because they are related to the most dominant Process - Material Process However, there are not any Behavior and Behaver employed in the data The frequency and distribution of the other participants in the English linguistics articles occur less with a small proportion Circumstances appear in most texts, especially circumstances of Location Location is dominant in the data, followed by Cause, Manner, Angle and Accompaniment This means that these Circumstances show information for people clearly: time, place, cause, and so on The rest circumstances: Extent, Role, Matter and Contingency are not seen in the data In Vietnamese data, there are various Processes, and six Processes types are found, including Material Processes, Relational Processes, Verbal Processes, Mental Processes, Behavioral Processes and Existential Processes The Relational Process is the most commonly used process type in these texts on linguistics articles Researchers give studies in short forms, which may be easy for readers to understand and remember the information Similarly, Material Process in the Vietnamese data is the second outstanding one 64 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 7.1 Recapitulation The researcher has carried out this study to investigate the transitivity system of English and Vietnamese linguistic articles The research questions are thus (1) “What transitivity resources are employed to construct experiential meanings in English specialized linguistics journal articles (ESLAs), and how are they employed?”, (2) What transitivity resources are employed to construct experiential meanings in Vietnamese specialized linguistics journal articles (VSLAs), and how are they employed? And (3) “What are the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese specialized linguistics journal articles in terms of how experiential meanings are constructed?” To answer the research questions, the author reviewed genre theory by Swale (1981, 2001, 2005) and Bhatia (1993), SFL theory by Halliday (1994), Halliday and Matthiessen (2004, 2014), and the transitivity model for Vietnamese by Hoàng Văn Vân (2012), and the related literature using SFL as the theoretical framework on linguistics as well as on other genres A review of SFL shows that SFL is a comprehensive framework for describing language as a system Language enables us to understand our own experiences and express our social relationships (Halliday, 2004) It interprets human experience and provides us with the lexical resources for constructing meaning and executive functions, including ideal meta-functions (experiential and logical meta-functions), the realization of interpersonal bodily functions, and the construction of coherent and continuous sequences of discourse called texts Meta function In SFL, the core unit is the clause—a lexical-grammatical unit that more clearly than any other unit identifies unique lines of structure related to meta-functions SFL confirms that there can be three ways of looking at the clause: from the angle of Mood, which concerns interpersonal meanings - the nature of the exchange between the speaker (or writer) and listener (or reader); from the angle of Theme, which concerns the textual meaning - nature of a message; and from the angle of Transitivity, which concerns ideational meanings - the nature of the clause as a representation As the focus of the study is on Transitivity, a thorough review of the Transitivity system and its components including the processes, the participants, and the circumstances were also made for the further analysis of the transitivity resources utilized in the English corpus Then, a careful review of the experiential grammar of the Vietnamese clause by Hoàng Văn Vân (2012) was made, based on which the analysis of the clauses of the Vietnamese corpus was carried out The review of the 65 two frameworks shows that although Hoàng Văn Vân has grouped processes and circumstances for Vietnamese transitivity resources in a way slightly different from Halliday, they both employ the same theoretical framework - the SFL model as developed by Halliday (1985, 1994) Both Halliday’s and Hoàng Văn Vân’s studies view the clause as a multifunctional unit which can be analysed experiential, interpersonal, and textual meanings; and thus their studies have given the present researcher insights into the clause of the two languages and detailed guidelines for clause separation and analysis To achieve the aims and objectives of the study, the research is designed as a comparative study, conducted under the corpus linguistics methodology The specific approach adopted for the study is corpus-based linguistics To decide on the above-mentioned appropriate methodology and research approach, the author provided a brief review of the methodology and research approaches concerning the current research with justifications were also made From the chosen research design, research methodology, and research approach, the author then decided on the specific methods applied for the research, which include corpus method (a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods for corpus analysis), descriptive, and comparative methods The corpus for the research is five English specialized linguistics journal articles and five Vietnamese specialized linguistics journal articles They have their genrespecific schematic structures The comparison was made with English being the base language and Vietnamese being the comparative one The comparison of the two sets of data was made in terms of the use of transitivity resources and their frequency of use, and how these resources are used to pinpoint how the experiential meanings are achieved in the ESEJs and VSEJs in each of the article sections and in the articles as a whole The baseline English data were obtained with the assistance of SysFan a computational tool for greater convenience while that for Vietnamese was done “manually” The exploration and comparison of the two sets of data show that the operation of transitivity resources in both English and Vietnamese specialized linguistic journals articles reflect two major ‘experiential lines’ reflecting two lines of experiential meanings via (1) the goings-on in the linguistic world, the flows of linguistic events, problems, situations that need dealing with, or the quantum of changes in the micro and macro-linguistic systems, as well as (2) the necessary impacts from the linguistic researchers that bring about a quantum of changes In both sets of the linguistic RAs, the major experiential resources: Participants, Processes, and Circumstances - are used at quite similar percentages Corresponding 66 to the two major experiential meanings, in both sets of the corpora, the Participants (whether being central participants as Actor, Senser, Sayer, Existent, the Goal, the Phenomenon, or the Be-er 2) are (1) linguistics factors/indicators/events, and (2) the linguistic researchers/authors in general or the proper names of several linguistic researchers In both sets of corpora, the Processes that unfold through time are realized by verbs denoting the Happenings in the economies, the Doings (creatings, changings) by linguistic agents or by the researchers, the Sensing (saying, thinking, feelings, seeing) by the linguistic participants in the macro and micro linguistics or researchers, the Beings (having attributes, having an identity), unfolding inertly of the linguistic factors/agents/ issues or the research, and Havings (relationships with) of the linguistic factors/agents/ issues or the research The Circumstances are the settings for linguistic processes as well as the settings for the research activities Both sets of corpora use ergative structures, at similarly low percentages, to express the changes in linguistic situations or the changes of linguistic indicators/factors which are beyond the expectations and controls of anyone in the economy, including the linguistic researchers This is a technique used by both groups of researchers in English and Vietnamese to maintain the distance from him/her and the happenings in the research and the economy Both sets of linguistic journal articles use a high frequency of relational and material processes As mentioned earlier, relational structures with inanimate subjects and a finite verb enable the high objectivity, generalizations, evaluation and interpretation, and impersonality of the writing Material processes are also used at high frequency Differences can be found when the analysis comes to more delicate levels, i.e., in terms of specific percentages of processes, structures reflecting central participants, and circumstances For example, to discuss the intentions and the purposes of what is to be done in the research, Vietnamese researchers choose to use verbal processes like generalize, suggest, present, show, discuss the English researchers choose mental processes like find, note, assume, estimate In another example in terms of the use of circumstances, Vietnamese writers tend to choose to persuade the readers of the credibility, reliability and validity of their research by using more referencedbased information via Circumstances of angle and stance, while English writers prefer to show precision by an exceptionally higher percentage of Circumstances of location (of time and place) In short, though differences are found in the types and frequency of specific processes, structures, and circumstances, both corpora utilize all possible experiential resources to express the goings-on, the flows of events in the micro and macro-linguistic systems, and the experiences of their research activities At the 67 same time, all researchers of both corpora tend to make attempts to use the experiential resources in the ways that enable them to maintain the informativeness, objectivity, validity, impersonality, argumentation, and justification- the qualities of research papers- in their own Ras 7.2 Concluding remarks The comparison shows that English and Vietnamese articles have similarities in the type, nature, and frequency of experiential resources In particular, both corpora use various processes; both have a similar distribution of process types, exhibiting the unique characteristics of each section of the research article and the general structure of the research articles Both corpora use a high frequency of active inanimate participants as Actors, Sayers, Sensors, Goals, Be-ers, and Existents, especially as Be-ers or Relators In this way, the researchers can maintain objectivity, impersonality thus enabling the validity of their own research This quality of research articles is also achieved by the way the researchers use passive structures, to implicitly mention the Actors/Sayers/Sensors Both corpora have similar distributions of active agents to build research positions and passive agents when they want to step back and focus on linguistic research, linguistic agents/participants/indicators/or data and research methods Furthermore, both of the corpora use a high degree of linguistic terms and jargon These terms and jargon are the participants in various linguistic processes and both the authors of both corpora not provide any further definitions Understandably, the specialized linguistics journals are aimed to report the outcomes of linguistic analysis to the participants of the scientific community, thus the assumption is that the reader has high expertise in the area and no further explanations of linguistic terms are necessary as in the scientific textbooks for school students or magazines for the general readers Finally, the corpora shares similar application and distribution of circumstance types to specify when, where, how, in what manner, from what angle or stance that the research processes or linguistic processes unfolds This can increase the argumentation and justifiability as well as making referenced-based statements or suggestions All these enhance the objectivity, impersonality and validity of the research There are obviously disparities in experiential meanings between the two sets of corpora Particularly, there are differences in the distribution of experiential resources (processes, participants and circumstances) in the two corpora 68 First, the English authors use more material processes to express the experience of their actions Thus, material process frequency is higher in almost every section of the English papers than that in Vietnamese counterparts while the Vietnamese researchers use more relational processes in each section of their articles It is also interesting to note that though material processes of doings are higher, most of the material processes have agentive subjects/participants The agentive subjects are not merely We, the author, the researcher, but also You - the readers in imperative clauses unfolding the metal processes such as: Note that [ ], remember that [ ], see [table/chart ] to refer to the pre-established results of the previous studies The reason is when it comes to establishing the space for the current research, the Vietnamese authors use nghiên cứu trước rằng, lý thuyết thành cơng rằng, lý thuyết chi phí chìm nhấn mạnh (many previous studies show that, Success theory shows that, sinking expense theory emphasize.) as the central participants in verbal processes while authors of English corpus use names of other authors Vietnamese authors utilize more verbal processes and fewer mental processes compared to English authors Though both discuss research intentions and results, the two seem to express themselves in different ways In terms of circumstances, generally, the English linguistics researchers seem to use more circumstances for additional information than the Vietnamese ones Specifically, the Circumstance of location (of time and place) and Circumstance of causes are used at higher rates in English corpus than in Vietnamese ones Meanwhile, these two types of circumstances enable the precision of when, where and why an action (by the researchers or of the linguistic factor) occurs This poses a question of whether one group comes from low-context culture and the other are from high-context culture, and since it is beyond the scope of this study, this reason will not be further discussed At the expense of these types, Circumstances of manners, matter and stance are more favored in the Vietnamese corpus This is a way that Vietnamese researchers increase the persuasiveness of their research credibility 7.3 Limitations of the study In addition, the current study focuses on the language of the linguistic articles; thus, the conclusions are limited to the texts of linguistic instructions and contexts as they should have been The thesis deficiency is inescapable due to the researcher’s limited linguistic knowledge, reference materials, and shortage of time The research has not reached the depth that was expected, and the results are not as satisfactory 69 as they should have been 7.4 Recommendations and suggestions for further research The thesis is hoped to make a minor contribution to Vietnamese teachers of English whose students are college or university undergraduates The results of the thesis, on the other hand, may be useful to the students themselves To teachers The thesis is expected to be a useful resource for college and university teachers teaching Functional Grammar The results of this study can provide EFL teachers with a general understanding of lexico-grammatical features of texts, particularly English and Vietnamese texts on linguistic articles, in terms of types of Processes, types of Circumstances, and Participants, as well as verbs involved in the Processes To students This research will be also beneficial to those who major in English as Foreign as learners with knowledge of lexico-grammatical features in terms of types of Processes, types of Circumstances and Participants and verbs involved in the clauses Mastering these features, students can have a basic background to understand how language works and discover effective ways to write an effective and persuasive text in general and English Texts on linguistic articles in particular To copywriters English news on linguistic articles is a powerful means to captivate readers’ attention Therefore, the findings of this research can be helpful for copywriters in accomplishing their mission of writing good linguistic articles for websites of their companies Readers also know that the material process is mostly found in linguistic articles so that they get an easy understanding of the meaning represented by the dominant process in English and Vietnamese linguistic articles In this research, much effort has been made to point out the similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese linguistic articles in terms of transitivity in the light of Systemic Functional Grammar In this research, some more aspects are awaiting our investigation Process types of transitivity in other types in text or discourse written in English and Vietnamese Interpersonal meaning in English and Vietnamese linguistic articles Textual meaning in English and Vietnamese linguistic articles An Investigation into Pragmatic Features and Semantic Features in English and Vietnamese linguistics 70 REFERENCES IN ENGLISH Baxter, J (2010) Discourse-analytic Approaches to Text and Talk Research Methods in Linguistics, 117-137 Baker, P (2010) Sociolinguistics and Corpus Linguistics Edinburgh University Press Bartley, L V (2018) Putting Transitivity to the Test: A Review of the Sydney and Cardiff Models Functional 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The Language of Linguistics: The Analysis of Linguistics Discourse ELT Documents 134, London: Modern English Publications and The British Council 23 Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G., & Svartvik, J (1985) A Comprehensive English Grammar London and New York: Longman 24 Thái Minh Đức (1998) A Systemic-functional Interpretation of Vietnamese Grammar PhD Thesis Sydney: Macquarie University 25 Thomson, G (1996) Introducing Functional Grammar London: Arnold 26 Thompson, G., & Ramos, R G (1995) Ergativity in the Analysis of Business Texts DIRECT 27 Schiffrin, D (1994) Approaches to Discourse Australia: Blackwell Publishing 28 Shuyuan, Z et al (2014) Functional Stylistic Analysis: Transitivity in EnglishMedium Medical Research Articles International Journal of English Linguistics Vol No 12-25 29 Swales, J (1971) Writing Scientific English London: Nelson 30 Wodak, R and Meyer, M (2002) Method of Critical Discourse Analysis London: Sage Publications, Incorporated 31 Eggins, S (2004) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics New 72 York: Continuum International Publishing Group 32 IN VIETNAMESE 33 Cao Xuân Hạo (2004) Tiếng Việt: Sơ thảo ngữ pháp chức (Vietnamese: 34 An Outline of Functional Grammar) Hà Nội: NXB Giáo Dục Cao Xuân Hạo (2007), Ngữ Pháp Chức Năng Tiếng Việt: Câu Tiếng Việt Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Giáo Dục 35 36 37 38 39 Diệp Quang Ban (1987) Câu đơn tiếng Việt Hà Nội: NXB Giáo Dục Halliday, M.A.K (2012), Dẫn luận Ngữ Pháp Chức Năng Hoàng Văn Vân dịch Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Đại Học Quốc Gia Hà Nội Hoàng Văn Vân (1998) Những ứng dụng lí thuyết chức hệ thống (The Applicability of Systemic Functional Linguistics) Tạp chí Khoa học - ĐHQGHN (VNU Journal of Science), t.XIV, no 5, 10-31 Hồng Văn Vân (1999) Tìm hiểu bước đầu chất ẩn dụ ngữ pháp (A Preliminary Study on the Nature of Grammatical Metaphor) Tạp chí Khoa học - ĐHQGHN (VNU Journal of Science), t.XV, no 3, 30-47 Hoàng Văn Vân (2005) Ngữ Pháp Kinh Nghiệm cú tiếng Việt: Mô tả Theo Quan Điểm Chức Năng Hệ Thống (In lần thứ 2) Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Khoa học Xã hội 40 Hoàng Văn Vân (2008) vị trí tổ chức Đề ngữ cú đơn, cú phức đơn vị chuyển tiếp Ngôn ngữ (số 4) tr 19-27 41 Lê Hùng Tiến (1999) Một số Đặc điểm Ngôn ngữ luật pháp tiếng Việt Luận án tiến sỹ Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội Nhân văn- ĐHQGHN 42 Nguyễn Hòa (1999) Nghiên cứu Diễn Ngơn Chính trị - Xã hội tư liệu Báo chí Tiếng ANh Tiếng Việt đại Luận án tiến sỹ ngữ văn Trường Đại học Khoa học Xã hội Nhân văn- ĐHQGHN 43 Nguyễn Thiện Giáp (2010) Khái niệm Ngôn ngữ học Hà Nội: Nhà Xuất Bản Giáo Dục Hà Nội ENGLISH SOURCES Paula Villegas (2014), Beyond The Four Pillars of F-L-I-P: Exploring theoretical underpinnings of Flipped Learning in the context of English for Academic Purposes, The language scholar Truy xuất từ: 73 https://languagescholar.leeds.ac.uk/beyond-the-four-pillars-of-f-l-i-pexploring-theoretical-underpinnings-of-flipped-learning-in-the-context-ofenglish-for-academic-purposes/ , truy cập ngày 16/8/2022 Marc Jones (2020), Duoethnography of Two EFL Teachers Developing Their Own Classroom Teaching Materials, The language scholar Truy xuất từ: https://languagescholar.leeds.ac.uk/duoethnography-of-two-efl-teachersdeveloping-their-own-classroom-teaching-materials/, truy cập ngày 16/8/2022 Denise de Pauw (2022), ‘If we were on campus… ’: Reflections on Managing the Multiple Spaces of Online Teaching, Language Centre, School of Languages, The language scholar Truy xuất từ: https://languagescholar.leeds.ac.uk/if-we-were-on-campus/, truy cập ngày 16/8/2022 Charlie Taylor (2022), Reflecting on Using Extensive Reading as Part of a Classroom Management Strategy, The language scholar Truy xuất từ: https://languagescholar.leeds.ac.uk/reflecting-on-using-extensive-readingas-part-of-a-classroom-management-strategy/, truy cập ngày 16/7/2022 Prof Dr Julide Inozu (2020), The importance of emotions in year abroad language study, The language scholar Truy xuất từ: https://languagescholar.leeds.ac.uk/the-importance-of-emotions-in-yearabroad-language-study/, truy cập ngày 18/6/2022 VIETNAMESE SOURCES Đỗ Minh Hùng - Nguyễn Kim Sơn (2022) “Lớp từ xưng hơ tình thái ngôn ngữ hội thoại chơi học sinh trung học sở”, Ngôn ngữ đời sống, ISSN: 0868-3409 Lê Thanh Hương (2022) “Hành động hỏi MC chương trình “Giai điệu tự hào””, Ngôn ngữ đời sống, ISSN: 0868-3409 Trần Yến Vân-Phú Thị Nhung (2022) “Khó khăn giải pháp việc dạy học trực tuyến giai đoạn COVID-19 trường đại học Công nghiệp Hà Nội”, Ngôn ngữ đời sống, ISSN: 0868-3409 Dương Thị Hồng Thắm (2022) “Nâng cao kĩ viết Tiếng Anh cho sinh viên Khoa Tiếng Anh, trường Đại Học Thương mại”, Ngôn ngữ đời sống, ISSN: 08683409 Bùi Trọng Ngỗn (2022) “Các từ lệnh điều khiển trâu bị: họ, tắc, rì, …từ 74 đâu tới?”, Ngơn ngữ đời sống, ISSN: 0868-3409 75