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(Luận văn) a critical discourse analysis of kamala harris’ ideology in her speech at the 2020 democratic national convention

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VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Nguyễn Thị Khánh Vân lu an n va p ie gh tn to A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF KAMALA HARRIS’ IDEOLOGY IN HER SPEECH AT THE 2020 DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION d oa nl w nf va an lu lm ul MA THESIS IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE z at nh oi z m co l gm @ an Lu n va HANOI, 2021 ac th si VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES Nguyễn Thị Khánh Vân lu an n va p ie gh tn to A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF KAMALA HARRIS’ IDEOLOGY IN HER SPEECH AT THE 2020 DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION d oa nl w nf va an lu lm ul Field: English Language z at nh oi Code: 8220201 Supervisor: Nguyễn Thị Việt Nga, Ph.D z m co l gm @ an Lu n va HANOI, 2021 ac th si DECLARATION BY AUTHOR I hereby state that this minor thesis entitled ‘A critical discourse analysis of Kamala Harris’ ideology in her speech at the 2020 Democratic National Convention’ is the result of my own research This work is original and all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged Moreover, I confirm that this M.A thesis has not been submitted or published for any degree to any other universities or institutions lu Author’s Signature an n va to p ie gh tn Nguyễn Thị Khánh Vân d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th i si ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would love to acknowledge my advisor, Nguyễn Thị Việt Nga, PhD, for her assistance in completing my thesis I am deeply thankful for her patience and the time she has spent on me Thanks to Prof Võ Đại Quang introduced the whole new realm of Critical Discourse Analysis to me I would also like to express my gratitude to Mr Đặng Nguyên Giang, lu PhD, and Department of Foreign Languages, Graduate Academy of Social an Sciences, the professors, teachers and staff for providing various va n opportunities in developing myself to gh tn I want to acknowledge my classmates for encouraging me and sharing p ie joy with me at difficult moments Then I also want to thank my rector for giving me a chance to improve my knowledge oa nl w Last but not least, I would like to express my gratitude for my family, my parents and my spouse I would be the same without you Thank you for d nf va an lu putting your faith in me and giving me this opportunity z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th ii si TABLE OF CONTENTS DECLARATION BY AUTHOR i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii ABSTRACT vi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS vii LIST OF FIGURES viii lu LIST OF TABLES ix an CHAPTER INTRODUCTION va n 1.1 Rationale of the study gh tn to 1.2 Aims of the Study p ie 1.3 Research Questions 1.4 Scope of the Study oa nl w 1.5 Significance of the Study 1.6 Methodology d an lu 1.6.1 Research approach nf va 1.6.2 Methods of the study lm ul 1.6.3 Data collection and data analysis z at nh oi 1.7 Structure of the Study 1.8 Summary CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW 10 z gm @ 2.1 Theoretical background 10 2.1.1 Discourse analysis 10 l co 2.1.2 The origin of Critical Discourse Analysis 12 m 2.1.3 Critical Discourse Analysis 14 an Lu 2.1.4 Ideology 17 n va ac th iii si 2.1.5 The relations between CDA and Ideology 20 2.2 Central approaches to CDA on the ideology 23 2.2.1 Teun Van Dijk’s 23 2.2.2 The Discourse-Historical Approach of Ruth Wodak 24 2.2.3 Norman Fairclough's approach 25 2.2.4 Norman Fairclough's framework 27 2.3 Review of previous studies 32 2.4 Chapter summary 35 lu CHAPTER 3: IDEOLOGIES OF KAMALA IN THE SPEECH 36 an 3.1 The background of the speech 36 va n 3.2 Ideology of inspiration to women 39 gh tn to 3.3 Ideology ties to condemning racism 44 p ie 3.4 Ideology as a power of persuasion 45 3.5 Chapter summary 50 oa nl w CHAPTER LINGUISTIC REALIZATION OF KAMALA’S IDEOLOGIES IN THE SPEECH 51 d an lu 4.1 Vocabulary 51 nf va 4.1.1 Experiential values of words 51 lm ul 4.1.2 Relational values of words 57 z at nh oi 4.1.3 Expressive values of words 58 4.1.4 Metaphor 58 4.2 Grammar 59 z gm @ 4.2.1 Experiential values of grammatical features 59 4.2.2 Relational values of grammatical features 60 l co 4.2.3 Expressive values of grammatical features 63 m 4.2.4 Sentences linking 64 an Lu 4.2.5 Textual structures 65 n va ac th iv si 4.3 Interpretation 68 4.3.1 Situation context and discourse type 68 4.3.2 Intertexual context and presupposition 71 4.4 Explanation 73 4.5 Chapter summary 75 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 76 5.1 Recapitulation 76 5.2 Concluding Remarks 78 lu 5.3 Implications 79 an 5.4 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Studies 80 va n REFERENCES 81 gh tn to APPENDIX 1: Kamala Harris’ Speech at the 2020 DNC I p ie APPENDIX 2: Types of Sentence Structures IX d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th v si ABSTRACT This study attempts to discover the ideologies and how those ideologies are realized linguistically in the speech delivered by the elected vice president Kamala Harris at the 2020 Democratic National Convention using the CDA framework suggested by Norman Fairclough (2013) The study targets to learn more about the relationships between discourse and ideology to promote the awareness of CDA in an appropriate way in social studies Moreover, the lu study intended to contribute to the development of English language an education, particularly in studying CDA by giving some suggestions for va n learners The objectives are to investigate Kamala’s ideologies embedded in gh tn to her speech and analyze how ideas are represented in the speech using p ie linguistics components The findings show that the ideologies embedded in the selected speech are the ideology of inspiration to women, the ideology of oa nl w racist condemnation, and the ideology as a power of persuasion Research shows that Harris' ideas are expressed through vocabulary strategies, flexible d an lu use of personal pronouns 'we', 'I' and 'you', and the use of voice According to nf va the results, Harris deft purpose is to introduce herself, inspire women and z at nh oi administration lm ul show her support to Joe Biden Additionally, she denounced the Trump racist z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th vi si LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS CDA: Critical Discourse Analysis CL: Critical Linguistics DA: Discourse Analysis DHA: Discourse-Historical Approach DNC: Democratic National Convention US: United States lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th vii si LIST OF FIGURES FIGURES Figure 2.1: Levels of theories and linguistic analysis …………………… 25 Figure 2.2: Interpretation………………………………………………… 30 Figure 2.3: Explanation ………………………………… ……………… 31 lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th viii si 108 work 109 For George Floyd For Breonna Taylor For the lives of too many 110 others to name For our children For all of us 111 We've gotta the work to fulfill that promise of equal justice under 112 law Because, none of us are free until all of us are free 113 We're at an inflection point 114 The constant chaos leaves us adrift The incompetence makes us feel 115 afraid The callousness makes us feel alone lu 116 It's a lot an 117 And here's the thing: We can better and deserve so much more va n 118 We must elect a president who will bring something different, gh tn to 119 something better, and the important work A president who will p ie 120 bring all of us together - Black, White, Latino, Asian, Indigenous—to 121 achieve the future we collectively want oa nl w 122 We must elect Joe Biden 123 I knew Joe as Vice President I knew Joe on the campaign trail But I d an lu 124 first got to know Joe as the father of my friend nf va 125 Joe's son, Beau, and I served as Attorneys General of our states, lm ul 126 Delaware and California During the Great Recession, we spoke on the z at nh oi 127 phone nearly every day, working together to win back billions of 128 dollars for homeowners from the big banks that foreclosed on people's 129 homes z gm @ 130 And Beau and I would talk about his family 131 How, as a single father, Joe would spend hours every day riding the l co 132 train back and forth from Wilmington to Washington Beau and m 133 Hunter got to have breakfast every morning with their dad They went an Lu 134 to sleep every night with the sound of his voice reading bedtime n va ac th V si 135 stories And while they endured an unspeakable loss, these two little 136 boys always knew that they were deeply, unconditionally loved 137 And what also moved me about Joe is the work he did, as he went 138 back and forth This is the leader who wrote the Violence Against 139 Women Act-and enacted the Assault Weapons Ban Who, as Vice 140 President, implemented The Recovery Act, which brought our country 141 back from The Great Recession He championed The Affordable Care 142 Act, protecting millions of Americans with pre-existing conditions lu 143 Who spent decades promoting American values and interests around an 144 the world, standing up with our allies and standing up to our va n 145 adversaries gh tn to 146 Right now, we have a president who turns our tragedies into political p ie 147 weapons 148 Joe will be a president who turns our challenges into purpose oa nl w 149 Joe will bring us together to build an economy that doesn't leave 150 anyone behind Where a good-paying job is the floor, not the ceiling d an lu 151 Joe will bring us together to end this pandemic and make sure that we nf va 152 are prepared for the next one lm ul 153 Joe will bring us together to squarely face and dismantle racial z at nh oi 154 injustice, furthering the work of generations 155 Joe and I believe that we can build that Beloved Community, one that is 156 strong and decent, just and kind One in which we all can see ourselves z gm @ 157 That's the vision that our parents and grandparents fought for The 158 vision that made my own life possible The vision that makes the l co 159 American promise - for all its complexities and imperfections - a m 160 promise worth fighting for an Lu 161 Make no mistake, the road ahead will not be not easy We will n va ac th VI si 162 stumble We may fall short But I pledge to you that we will act 163 boldly and deal with our challenges honestly We will speak truths 164 And we will act with the same faith in you that we ask you to place in 165 us 166 We believe that our country - all of us, will stand together for a better 167 future We already are 168 We see it in the doctors, the nurses, the home health care workers and 196 the frontline workers who are risking their lives to save people lu 197 they've an 198 never met va n 199 We see it in the teachers and truck drivers, the factory workers and gh tn to 200 farmers, the postal workers and the Poll workers, all putting their own p ie 201 safety on the line to help us get through this pandemic 202 And we see it in so many of you who are working, not just to get us oa nl w 203 through our current crises, but to somewhere better 204 There's something happening, all across the country d 206 It's about you nf va an lu 205 It's not about Joe or me lm ul 207 It's about us People of all ages and colors and creeds who are, yes, z at nh oi 208 taking to the streets, and also persuading our family members, 209 rallying our friends, organizing our neighbors, and getting out the 210 vote z gm @ 211 And we've shown that, when we vote, we expand access to health 212 care, expand access to the ballot box, and ensure that more working co l 213 families can make a decent living m 214 I'm inspired by a new generation of leadership You are pushing us to an Lu 215 realize the ideals of our nation, pushing us to live the values we share: n va ac th VII si 216 decency and fairness, justice and love 217 You are the patriots who remind us that to love our country is to fight 218 for the ideals of our country 219 In this election, we have a chance to change the course of history 220 We're all in this fight 221 You, me, and Joe - together 222 What an awesome responsibility What an awesome privilege 223 So, let's fight with conviction Let's fight with hope Let's fight with lu confidence in ourselves, and a commitment to each other To the an America we know is possible The America, we love va n Years from now, this moment will have passed And our children and to when the stakes were so high? p ie gh tn our grandchildren will look in our eyes and ask us: Where were you They will ask us, what was it like? oa nl w And we will tell them We will tell them, not just how we felt We will tell them what we did d nf va America an lu Thank you God bless you And God bless the United States of z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th VIII si APPENDIX 2: Types of Sentence Structures No Sentence Type Greetings America Fragment It is truly an honor to be speaking with you Simple That I am here tonight is a testament to the dedication of Complex generations before me Women and men who believed so fiercely in the Fragment promise of equality, liberty, and justice for all lu an This week marks the 100th anniversary of the passage of Simple n va the 19th amendment And we celebrate the women who fought for that right Yet so many of the Black women, who helped secure Complex Complex that victory, were still prohibited from voting, long after p ie gh tn to w its ratification But they were undeterred Simple Without fanfare or recognition, they organized, testified, Simple d oa nl lu nf va an rallied, marched, and fought - not just for their vote, but for a seat at the table lm ul 10 These women and the generations that followed worked Complex all of us who followed They paved the way for the trailblazing leadership of Simple z 11 z at nh oi to make democracy and opportunity real in the lives of co l And these women inspired us to pick up the torch, and Simple fight on m Women like Mary Church Terrell and Mary McCleod Fragment an Lu 13 gm 12 @ Barack Obama and Hillary Clinton n va ac th IX si Bethune Fannie Lou Hamer and Diane Nash Constance Baker Motley and Shirley Chisholm 14 We're not often taught their stories Simple 15 But as Americans, we all stand on their shoulders Simple 16 There's another woman, whose name isn't known, whose Complex story isn't shared lu an 17 Another woman whose shoulders I stand on Fragment 18 And that's my mother - Shyamala Gopalan Harris Simple 19 She came here from India at age 19 to pursue her dream Simple n va of curing cancer At the University of California Berkeley, she met my Complex father, Donald Harris - who had come from Jamaica to ie gh tn to 20 p study economics 21 They fell in love in that most American way - while Simple nl w oa marching together for justice in the civil rights d movement of the 1960s an lu 22 In the streets of Oakland and Berkeley, I got a stroller's- Complex nf va eye view of people getting into what the great John lm ul Lewis called ‘good trouble.’ When I was 5, my parents split and my mother raised us Compound mostly on her own -Complex Like so many mothers, she worked around the clock to Complex z 24 z at nh oi 23 @ l gm make it work - packing lunches before we woke up and paying bills after we went to bed Helping us with co m homework at the kitchen table - and shuttling us to an Lu church for choir practice n va ac th X si 25 She made it look easy, though I know it never was Complex 26 My mother instilled in my sister, Maya, and me the Complex values that would chart the course of our lives 27 She raised us to be proud, strong Black women Simple 28 And she raised us to know and be proud of our Indian Simple heritage lu an 29 She taught us to put family first Simple 30 the family you're born into and the family you choose Compound 31 Family, is my husband Doug, who I met on a blind date Complex n va set up by my best friend Family is our beautiful children, Cole and Ella, who as Complex you just heard, call me Momala Family is my sister ie gh tn to 32 Family is my best friend, my nieces and my Simple p 33 godchildren nl w Family is my uncles, my aunts - my chitthis Simple 35 Family is Mrs Shelton my second mother who lived Complex d oa 34 an lu two doors down and helped raise me nf va 36 Family is my beloved Alpha Kappa Alpha our Divine Simple lm ul and my HBCU brothers and sisters z at nh oi 37 Family is the friends I turned to when my mother - the Complex most important person in my life - passed away from @ And even as she taught us to keep our family at the Complex gm 38 z cancer co l center of our world, she also pushed us to see a world beyond ourselves m an Lu n va ac th XI si 39 She taught us to be conscious and compassionate about Simple the struggles of all people 40 To believe public service is a noble cause and the fight Compound for justice is a shared responsibility 41 -Complex That led me to become a lawyer, a District Attorney, Simple Attorney General, and a United States Senator 42 And at every step of the way, I've been guided by the Complex words I spoke from the first time I stood in a courtroom: lu Kamala Harris, For the People an n va I've fought for children, and survivors of sexual assault Simple 44 I've fought against transnational gangs Simple tn to 43 45 I took on the biggest banks, and helped take down one Simple p ie gh of the biggest for-profit colleges I know a predator when I see one Complex 47 My mother taught me that service to others gives life oa nl w 46 d purpose and meaning lu And oh, how I wish she were here tonight but I know Complex nf va an 48 she's looking down on me from above lm ul 49 I keep thinking about that 25-year-old Indian woman - Complex z at nh oi all of five feet tall - who gave birth to me at Kaiser Hospital in Oakland, California On that day, she probably could have never imagined Complex z 50 @ that I would be standing before you now speaking these gm l words: I accept your nomination for Vice President of Complex an Lu I so, committed to the values she taught me m 51 co the United States of America n va ac th XII si 52 To the Word that teaches me to walk by faith, and not Fragment by sight 53 And to a vision passed on through generations of Fragment Americans - one that Joe Biden shares 54 A vision of our nation as a Beloved Community - where Fragment all are welcome, no matter what we look like, where we come from, or who we love 55 A country where we may not agree on every detail, but Fragment lu we are united by the fundamental belief that every an va human being is of infinite worth, deserving of n compassion, dignity and respect A country where we look out for one another, where we Fragment rise and fall as one, where we face our challenges, and p ie gh tn to 56 w celebrate our triumphs -together Today that country feels distant 58 Donald Trump's failure of leadership has cost lives and Simple d oa an lu livelihoods If you're a parent struggling with your child's remote Compound nf va 59 Simple nl 57 lm ul learning, or you're a teacher struggling on the other side -Complex now isn't working 60 z at nh oi of that screen, you know that what we're doing right And we are a nation that's grieving Grieving the loss of Complex z gm @ life, the loss of jobs, the loss of opportunities, the loss of normalcy l And yes, the loss of certainty Fragment 62 And while this virus touches us all, let's be honest, it is m co 61 an Lu n va ac th XIII si not an equal opportunity offender 63 Black, Latino and Indigenous people are suffering and Simple dying disproportionately 64 This is not a coincidence Simple 65 It is the effect of structural racism Of inequities in Compound education and technology, health care and housing, job security and transportation The injustice in reproductive and maternal health care In the excessive use of force lu an by police And in our broader criminal justice system n va 66 tn to see each other - and how we treat each other -Complex And let's be clear - there is no vaccine for racism Complex ie gh 67 This virus has no eyes, and yet it knows exactly how we Compound Simple For George Floyd For Breonna Taylor For the lives of Fragment nl w 69 We've gotta the work p 68 We've gotta the work to fulfill that promise of equal Simple d an lu 70 oa too many others to name For our children For all of us justice under law nf va Because, none of us are free until all of us are free Complex 72 We're at an inflection point 73 The constant chaos leaves us adrift Simple 74 The incompetence makes us feel afraid Simple 75 The callousness makes us feel alone Simple 76 It's a lot 77 And here's the thing: We can better and deserve so Complex lm ul 71 Simple z at nh oi z gm @ Simple co l m much more an Lu n va ac th XIV si 78 We must elect a president who will bring something Complex different, something better, and the important work 79 A president who will bring all of us together - Black, Fragment White, Latino, Asian, Indigenous—to achieve the future we collectively want lu an We must elect Joe Biden Simple 81 I knew Joe as Vice President Simple 82 I knew Joe on the campaign trail Simple 83 But I first got to know Joe as the father of my friend Simple 84 Joe's son, Beau, and I served as Attorneys General of Fragment n va 80 tn to our states, Delaware and California During the Great Recession, we spoke on the phone Complex nearly every day, working together to win back billions p ie gh 85 w of dollars for homeowners from the big banks that oa nl foreclosed on people's homes And Beau and I would talk about his family Simple 87 How, as a single father, Joe would spend hours every Complex d 86 nf va an lu day riding the train back and forth from Wilmington to Beau and Hunter got to have breakfast every morning Simple with their dad They went to sleep every night with the sound of his Simple z 89 z at nh oi 88 lm ul Washington @ l 90 gm voice reading bedtime stories And while they endured an unspeakable loss, these two Complex co m little boys always knew that they were deeply, an Lu unconditionally loved n va ac th XV si 91 And what also moved me about Joe is the work he did, Complex as he went back and forth 92 This is the leader who wrote the Violence Against Complex Women Act-and enacted the Assault Weapons Ban Who, as Vice President, implemented The Recovery Act, which brought our country back from The Great Recession 93 He championed The Affordable Care Act, protecting Complex lu millions of Americans with pre-existing conditions an va 94 Who spent decades promoting American values and Fragment n interests around the world, standing up with our allies to gh tn and standing up to our adversaries Right now, we have a president who turns our tragedies Complex p ie 95 Joe will be a president who turns our challenges into Complex purpose lu Joe will bring us together to build an economy that Complex an 97 d oa nl 96 w into political weapons nf va doesn't leave anyone behind Where a good-paying job Joe will bring us together to end this pandemic and Complex z at nh oi 98 lm ul is the floor, not the ceiling make sure that we are prepared for the next one 99 Joe will bring us together to squarely face and dismantle Simple z gm @ racial injustice, furthering the work of generations 100 Joe and I believe that we can build that Beloved Complex l 101 One in which we all can see ourselves m co Community, one that is strong and decent, just and kind Fragment an Lu n va ac th XVI si 102 That's the vision that our parents and grandparents Complex fought for 103 The vision that made my own life possible Complex 104 The vision that makes the American promise - for all its Fragment complexities and imperfections - a promise worth fighting for lu an 105 Make no mistake, the road ahead will not be not easy Simple 106 We will stumble Simple 107 We may fall short Simple n va 108 But I pledge to you that we will act boldly and deal with Complex tn to our challenges honestly.s Simple gh 109 We will speak truths p ie 110 And we will act with the same faith in you that we ask Complex you to place in us w oa nl 111 We believe that our country - all of us, will stand Complex d together for a better future lu Simple nf va an 112 We already are 113 We see it in the doctors, the nurses, the home health care Complex lm ul workers and the frontline workers who are risking their z at nh oi lives to save people they've never met 114 We see it in the teachers and truck drivers, the factory Complex z workers and farmers, the postal workers and the Poll @ gm workers, all putting their own safety on the line to help co l us get through this pandemic 115 And we see it in so many of you who are working, not Complex m an Lu just to get us through our current crises, but to n va ac th XVII si somewhere better 116 There's something happening, all across the country Simple 117 It's not about Joe or me Simple 118 It's about you Simple 119 It's about us Simple 120 People of all ages and colors and creeds who are, yes, Complex taking to the streets, and also persuading our family lu members, rallying our friends, organizing our neighbors, an and getting out the vote va n 121 And we've shown that, when we vote, we expand access Complex to ensure that more working families can make a decent p ie gh tn to health care, expand access to the ballot box, and living Simple oa nl w 122 I'm inspired by a new generation of leadership d 123 You are pushing us to realize the ideals of our nation, Complex lu an pushing us to live the values we share: decency and nf va fairness, justice and love lm ul 124 You are the patriots who remind us that to love our Complex z at nh oi country is to fight for the ideals of our country 125 In this election, we have a chance to change the course Simple of history z Simple gm @ 126 We're all in this fight Fragment m co 128 What an awesome responsibility Fragment l 127 You, me, and Joe - together Fragment an Lu 129 What an awesome privilege n va ac th XVIII si 130 So, let's fight with conviction Imparative 131 Let's fight with hope Imparative 132 Let's fight with confidence in ourselves, and a Imparative commitment to each other 133 To the America we know is possible Simple 134 The America, we love Simple 135 Years from now, this moment will have passed Simple 136 And our children and our grandchildren will look in our Simple lu an eyes and ask us: Interogative 138 They will ask us Simple n va 137 Where were you when the stakes were so high? tn to Interogative ie gh 139 what was it like? Simple p 140 And we will tell them Complex nl w 141 We will tell them, not just how we felt Complex d oa 142 We will tell them what we did Simple an lu 143 Thank you Simple nf va 144 God bless you Simple z at nh oi lm ul 145 And God bless the United States of America z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th XIX si

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