SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES 2nd edition By the same author Navigation for Masters ISBN 185609 147 3 Marine Survival and Rescue Systems ISBN 185609 1279 An Introduction to Helicopter Operations at Sea ISBN 185609 1686 Cargo Work (Kemp & Young) Revised ISBN 07506 3988 1 Seamanship Techniques (The Command Companion) Vol. III ISBN 07506 4443 5 Anchor Practice: A Guide for Industry ISBN 185609 2127 SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES SECOND EDITION PART ONE: SHIPBOARD PRACTICE PART TWO: SHIP HANDLING D. J. HOUSE Oxford Auckland Boston Johannesburg Melbourne New Delhi Butterworth-Heinemann Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041 A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group First published as two volumes 1987 Volume 1 first published as paperback 1989 Volume 2 first published as paperback 1990 Single volume edition 1994 Reprinted 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999 (twice) Second edition 2001 © D. J. House 1987, 1994, 2001 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1P 0LP. Application for the copyright holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers ISBN 0 7506 5231 4 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data House, D.J. Seamanship techniques. – 2nd ed. 1. Seamanship I. Title II. Shipboard practice III. Ship handling 623.8’8 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress www.bh.com/engineering Typeset in Replika Press Pvt Ltd. 100% EOU, Delhi 110 040 Printed and bound by Replika Press Pvt Ltd. 100% EOU, Delhi 110 040 ABS American Bureau of Shipping A.C. Alternating Current AHV Anchor handling vessel AIS Automatic Identification System AMVER Automated Mutual Vessel Rescue system ARCs Admiralty Raster Charts ARPA Automatic Radar Plotting Aid AUSREP Australian Ship Reporting system B.S. Breaking Strain BV Bureau Veritas CABA Compressed Air Breathing Apparatus CES Coast Earth Station CG Coast Guard CMS Constantly Manned Station CO 2 Carbon Dioxide C of B (B) Centre of Buoyancy C of G (G) Centre of Gravity CPA Closest Point of Approach CPP Controllable Pitch Propeller CQR Chatham Quick Release CRS Coast Radio Station CS Coast Station DC Direct Current DGPS Differential Global Positioning System DNV Det Norske Veritas DRHQ Divisional Rescue Head Quarters DSC (i) Dynamically Supported Craft (hydrofoils) DSC (ii) Digital Selective Calling DWT (DW) Deadweight ECDIS Electronic Chart Display Information System EFSWR Extra Flexible Steel Wire Rope ENC Electronic Navigation Chart EPIRB Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon ETA Estimated Time of Arrival FRC Fast Rescue Craft FSM Free Surface Movement FSWR Flexible Steel Wire Rope FWA Fresh Water Allowance GHz gigahertz GM Metacentric Height GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System GMT Greenwich Mean Time GPS Global Positioning System GT (g.t.) Gross Tons GZ Righting Lever HF High Frequency HLO Helicopter Landing officer HMS Her Majesty’s Ship HMSO Her Majesty’s Stationery Office HRU Hydrostatic Release Unit HSC High Speed Craft (code) IAMSAR International Aeronautical and Maritime Search and Rescue Manual ICAO International Civil Aviation Authority ABBREVIATIONS (Marine abbreviations used in this text and within the marine industry) ICS International Chamber of Shipping IHO International Hydrographic Office IMDG International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code IMO International Maritime Organisation ISM International Safety Management ITU International Telecommunications Union KB Measured distance between the keel and the ships centre of buoyancy KG Measured distance between the keel and the ships centre of gravity kg kilogram kHz kilohertz kJ kilo Joule KM Measured distance between the keel and the ships metacentre kN kilo Newton kW kilowatt lbs pounds LBP length between perpendiculars LCB Longitudinal Centre of Buoyancy LFL Lower Flammable Limit LNG Liquid Natural Gas LOA length over all LR Lloyds Register LUT Land User Terminal MA Mechanical Advantage MAIB Marine Accident Investigation Branch MARPOL Maritime Pollution Convention mbs millibars MCA Maritime and Coastguard Agency MEC Marine Evacuation Chute MES Marine Evacuation System MGN Marine Guidance Notice MHz megahertz MIN Marine Information Notice MN Mercantile Marine MNTB Merchant Navy Training Board MoB Man overboard MPCU Marine Pollution Control Unit MRCC Marine Rescue Co-ordination Centre MSI Marine Safety Information MSN Merchant Shipping Notice (previous ‘M’ notice) NUC Not Under Command NVE Night Vision Equipment OiC Officer in Charge OOW Officer of the Watch OSC On Scene Co-ordinator P/A Public Address System RN Royal Navy RNR Royal Naval Reserve RoPax Roll on/Roll off + Passengers RoT Rate of Turn Ro-Ro Roll on, Roll off rpm Revolutions per minute R/T Radio Telephone Rx Receive SAR Search and Rescue SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite SART Search and Rescue Radar Transponder SES Ship Earth Station SOLAS Safety of Life at Sea (convention) SOPEP Ships Oil Pollution Emergency Plan SPM Single Point Mooring STCW Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping (convention) SWL Safe Working Load SWR Steel Wire Rope T.D. Tonnage Deck TMC Transmitting Magnetic Compass TRS Tropical Revolving Storm UFL Upper Flammable Limit UHF Ultra High Frequency U.K. United Kingdom UKC Under Keel Clearance ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier U.S. United States USCG United States Coast Guard VCG Vertical Centre of Gravity VDR Voyage Data Recorder VDU Visual Display Unit VHF Very High Frequency VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier VTMS Vessel Traffic Management System VTS Vessel Traffic System W/L Waterline WNA Winter North Atlantic Wps wires per strand W/T Wireless Telegraphy vi Abbreviations PART ONE SHIPBOARD PRACTICE CONTENTS TO PART ONE Abbreviations v Preface xiii Acknowledgments xiv List of plates xv List of tables xvii 1. THE SHIP Introduction 1 Terms and definitions 1 Terms and definitions concerning stability 5 Varieties of ship 6 Plate and construction terms 6 Main structural members – compensating stress factors affecting vessel 19 Stresses in ship structures 20 Loadlines 22 2. ANCHOR WORK Anchors 25 Tests on anchors 27 Marks on anchors 29 Anchor certificate 29 Chain cable tests 29 Notes on cable 30 Kenter lugless joining shackle 30 ‘D’ lugged joining shackle 32 Securing and stowage of anchors 33 Securing anchor and cable 33 Steam windlass operation 34 Preparing anchor for ‘letting go’ 34 Cable holders 35 Procedure for coming to anchor 36 Clearing away anchors 40 Anchor terminology 41 Watch at anchor 46 Deep water anchoring 49 Laying/carrying out anchors 49 Clearing a foul hawse 50 To weigh anchor by deck tackle 52 Anchor recovery – loss of windlass power 52 Hanging off an anchor 53 Lost anchor and re-securing of spare anchor 55 Mooring anchors 57 3. ROPEWORK Natural fibre ropes 59 Lay of rope 62 Small stuff 63 Synthetic fibre ropes 65 Bends and hitches 67 Working aloft and overside 71 Seizings 73 Ropework and cordage tools 74 Worming, parcelling and serving 75 Cordage splice 76 Whippings 77 Marrying two ropes together 78 To pass a stopper 79 Breaking out mooring rope 81 4. WIREWORK AND RIGGING Steel wire rope 82 Steel wire rope rigging 86 Rigging fitments 91 Wire splicing 93 Stowage of wire hawsers 96 Safe handling procedures for wire rope 96 Mousing a hook or shackle pin 97 Blocks – care and maintenance 98 Blocks and tackles 100 5. LIFTING GEAR Derricks 106 Union purchase 110 Safe handling practice for derricks 112 Doubling-up procedure 113 Butterfly rig 113 Yo-Yo rig 114 Hallen universal derrick 115 Hallen container derrick 116 x Contents to Part One [...]... by today’s supertanker size NB New tankers are now required to be built with double bottoms/double hulls to satisfy regulations Seamanship Techniques The Ship 3 11 Modern high speed passenger ferry engaged on the Irish sea trade Figure 1.15 Chemical carrier 12 Seamanship Techniques 5T IOT IOT IOT IOT WB or Cargo WB or Cargo WB or Cargo WB or Cargo Hold No 7 AP TK WB or Cargo Hold No 6 Hold No 5 Hold... man them safely into good seamanlike practices TERMS AND DEFINITIONS Abeam A bearing projected at right-angles from the fore and aft line, outwards from the widest part of the ship (Figure 1.1) 2 Seamanship Techniques Abeam Port quarter Port bow Right ahead Ship’s beam Right astern Starboard bow Starboard quarter Figure 1.1 The ship in relation to its surroundings Abeam Ahead ‘Right ahead’ is the line... is taken at the midships point Deck edge is marked by a painted line 25 mm × 100 mm Keel Rake The inclination of the line of the keel to the horizontal (Figure 1.4) Ship’s principal dimensions 4 Seamanship Techniques AFT Fore and aft line Midships After deck FOR’D All aft accommod’n block Fo’c’sle head Maindeck or Foredeck Navigation bridge Accom Steering flat T/D Mach’y Uppermost Continuous Deck Forepart... equal and opposite to the forces of gravity if no vertical movement of the body is to take place For the body to float in the upright position, both forces must act in the same vertical plane 6 Seamanship Techniques disturbed from its initial position, it exhibits no tendency to return thereto or to move to another new position A body is said to be in unstable equilibrium if, when slightly disturbed... 1 upper ’tween deck No 2 fo’c’sle ’tween deck No 1 fo’c’sle ’tween deck Port bilge system Double bottom system Starboard bilge system Engine room Figure 1.10 Typical hold bilge pumping system 8 Seamanship Techniques Baby care room 2 Ladies 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 22 Cafeteria & conference Saloon Scullery Main entrance hall Bank 2 2 2 2 Cafeteria Engine casing Bar Dance floor Linen Hall Pantry Shop store... overnight and the old practices of basic seamanship are still required in all quarters of the globe The practical seaman must adapt alongside a developing hi-tech industry and be able to improvise when the need arises This work takes account of many types of vessel engaged on many commercial trades and is expected to continue to be the accepted reference on general seamanship It incorporates all the subjects... Heavy oil Ballast Moon-pool Ballast Ballast DP prop-rooms Figure 1.19 Stabiliser tank Heavy oil AP Engine rooms FP Seabex One – profile, maindeck and tank top plans of offshore support vessel 14 Seamanship Techniques 45 47 43 1 41 3750 307 26 44 2 25 48 3 56 55 15 18 21 49 54 53 24 27 29 31 34 37 40 43 45 48 51 54 31 17 42 36 37 33 16 35 38 32 30 34 46 39 44 50 40 F 3 58 41 24 4 29 28 27 1 2 25 51... fuel oil reserve bunker for diesel alternators 63 Starboard diesel oil reserve bunker 64 Feed pressure tank 65 Drain cooler 66 Main engine oil reserve tank 67 Fuel oil/diesel oil overflow tank 16 Seamanship Techniques Figure 1.21 Safety/supply craft for the offshore industry Length 94.3 m Moulded breadth 19.5 m Loaded draught 4.65 m Corresponding deadweight 2997 tonnes Gross registered... plating Continuous centre girders Inner bottom longitudinals The above example shows a longitudinally framed double bottom structure Figure 1.22 Midships section through general cargo vessel 18 Seamanship Techniques Duct Keel The duct keel is a plated box/tunnelled keel allowing passage right forward It provides additional buoyancy, together with a through passageway for cables and pipelines running... is designed to accommodate Bearing the function of the ship in mind, it is not difficult for seafarers to realise how their characters have been influenced by the independent nature of their employment Seamanship and the ships themselves have created the spirit of adventure that turned such men as Magellan, Drake, and Nelson into more than legends Even in today’s ships, be they of the mercantile marine . Revised ISBN 07506 3988 1 Seamanship Techniques (The Command Companion) Vol. III ISBN 07506 4443 5 Anchor Practice: A Guide for Industry ISBN 185609 2127 SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES SECOND EDITION PART. publishers ISBN 0 7506 5231 4 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data House, D.J. Seamanship techniques. – 2nd ed. 1. Seamanship I. Title II. Shipboard practice III. Ship handling 623.8’8 Library. SEAMANSHIP TECHNIQUES 2nd edition By the same author Navigation for Masters ISBN 185609 147 3 Marine