Effects of organic nutrient solution on leaf mustard (brassica juncea (l)) in the aquaponics system

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF AGRONOMY UNDERGRADUATE THESIS TITLE: “Effects of organic nutrient solution on leaf mustard (Brassica juncea (L.)) in the Aquaponics system” Instructor : Dr NGUYEN THI AI NGHIA Department : EXPERIMENTAL METHODS & BIOLOGY STATISTICS Student : PHAM HOANG MAI ID : 622869 Class : K62-KHCTT Course : 2017-2022 HANOI – 2022 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This page is where I would like to thank all those who helped me with my project thesis: "Effects of organic nutrient solution on leaf mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern et Coss) in the Aquaponics system" Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Instructor Dr Nguyen Thi Ai Nghia for the continuous support of my study, research and experimental, for the patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge Besides my advisor, I would like to thank teachers of Agronomy faculty of Viet Nam National University of Agriculture: for their encouragement, supporting and advising Also I would love to give thank to Mrs Do Thi Thanh for the kind support to my thesis Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family and my friends for supporting me during the completion of this thesis Hanoi, February 10th, 2022 Student Pham Hoang Mai i CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i CONTENTS ii LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF ACRONYMS AND SYMBOLS vii CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem 1.2 Purpose and requirement 1.2.1 Purpose 1.2.2 Requirement CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction to Leaf mustard 2.1.1 Origin and distribution of Leaf mustard 2.1.2 Scientific classification 2.1.3 Botanical characteristics 2.1.4 Environment requirements 2.1.5 Nutritional quality of leaf mustard 13 2.2 Overview of organic agriculture 15 2.2.1 Definition 15 2.2.2 The situation of organic agriculture development in the world 16 2.2.3 The situation of organic agriculture development in Vietnam 18 2.3 Aquaponics system 20 2.3.1 Aquaponics model definition 20 2.3.2 The situation of research and production of vegetables with the Aquaponics system in the world 21 2.3.3 The situation of research and production of vegetables with the Aquaponics system in Vietnam 22 2.4 Organic nutrient solutions 24 ii 2.4.1 Overview of researches on effects of organic nutrient solutions in plants in the world 24 2.4.2 Overview of researches on effects of organic nutrient solutions in plants in Vietnam 26 CHAPTER III: RESEARCH CONTENT AND METHOD 29 3.1 Research focus and materials 29 3.1.1 Research focus: 29 3.1.2 Research materials 30 3.2 Location and time of research 30 3.2.1 Location 30 3.2.2 Time 30 3.3 Research content 30 3.4 Research method 30 3.5 Monitoring criterias and tracking methods 32 3.5.1 The growth and development process of leaf mustard in the aquaponic system 32 3.5.2 Monitoring criterias 32 CHAPTER IV: RESULT AND DISCUSSION 35 4.1 Monitoring results of water quality indicators during the research 35 4.1.1 The pH of water 35 4.1.2 TDS concentration of water 36 4.2 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on the growth indicators of leaf mustard 37 4.2.1 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on plant height of leaf mustard 37 4.2.2 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on leaf number of leaf mustard 39 4.3 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on the physiological indicators of leaf mustard 41 4.3.1 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on SPAD index of leaf mustard 41 4.3.2 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on leaf area of leaf mustard 42 4.3.3 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on water content of leaf mustard 44 iii 4.3.4 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on dry weight of leaf mustard 46 4.4 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on the yield indicators of leaf mustard 48 4.5 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on the quality indicators of leaf mustard 50 4.5.1 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on the dry matter content indicators of leaf mustard 50 4.5.2 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on the Brix indicators of leaf mustard 51 4.5.3 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on the weight loss indicators of leaf mustard 53 4.6 Pests and diseases of leaf mustard in the Aquaponic system 54 4.7 Monitoring of the economic efficiency of the Aquaponics model using organic nutrient solutions 55 4.7.1 Input costs 55 4.7.2 Revenue 56 4.7.3 Net profit 56 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION 57 5.1 Conclusion 57 5.2 Recommendation 58 REFERENCES 59 APPENDIX 64 RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS 67 iv LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1 Ingredients of self-extracted organic nutrient solution 29 Table 3.2 Experimental design 31 Table 4.1 Variation of pH during crop 36 Table 4.2 Variation of TDS during crop 36 Table 4.3 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on the height of leaf mustard 37 Table 4.4 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on leaf number of leaf mustard 39 Table 4.5 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on SPAD of leaf mustard 41 Table 4.6 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on leaf area of leaf mustard 43 Table 4.7 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on water content of leaf mustard 45 Table 4.8 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on DW of leaf mustard 47 Table 4.9 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on individua yield and net yield of leaf mustard 49 Table 4.10 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on dry matter content of leaf mustard 51 Table 4.11 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on Brix of leaf mustard 52 Table 4.12 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on weight loss of leaf mustard 53 Table 4.13 Total input costs 55 Table 4.14 Total revenue 53 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure Hydroponic model of garden - ponds in the US, 2009 21 Figure The Aquaponics system that Cityautofarm installed in Cau Giay, Hanoi, 2018 24 Figure Plant height of different nutrient formulas across measurements (Unit: cm) 38 Figure Leaf number of different nutrient formulas across measurements (Unit: leaves) 40 Figure SPAD index of leaf mustard over times of measurement 42 Figure Leaf area of leaf mustard at 15 DAP and at harvest time 44 Figure Water content of leaf mustard at 15 DAP and at harvest time 46 Figure Dry weight of leaf mustard at 15 DAP and at the time of harvest (Unit: g) 48 Figure 9a Individual yield of leaf mustard formulas (Unit: g/plant) 49 Figure 9b Net yield of leaf mustard formulas (Unit: g) 50 Figure 10 % Brix of leaf mustard formulas 52 Figure 11 Weight losses of formulas over time 54 vi LIST OF ACRONYMS AND SYMBOLS Acronyms & symbols Meaning ILO International Labor Organization IFOAM International Organization of Organic Agriculture FiBL MARD Communication Research Institute of Organic Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations MF Microbio-organic fertilizer TDS Total Dissolved Solids SPAD Brix Index to evaluate the content of chlorophyll in leaves Amount of dissolved solids in plant juice M Formula DAP Days after planting vii ABSTRACT This study was conducted to determine the effects of three organic nutrient solution concentrations (1%, 2%, 3%) extracted from animal and plants with water from aquarium as control, on leaf mustard grown in Aquaponics system The plots were laid out in a randomized complete design with three replications The results showed that organic nutrient solution exerted positive effect on the growth, yield and quality of leaf mustard in whichconcentrations of 3% are the highest for all indicators: growth, physiological, yield and quality All concentrations of organic solution showed higher yield and quality compared with control formula The results suggested that organic solution concentrations of 3% is suitable for growing leaf mustard in Aquaponics model CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Problem Nowadays, the source of clean and safe food is the top concern in the face of the explosion in food sources with residues of pesticides, antibiotics and promoting factors, especially in vegetables and fruits According to the International Labor Organization - ILO, in the world: 40,000 people die, million people poison from vegetable poisoning/year According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development in 2014, in Vietnam: 50% of vegetables have pesticide residues, million people have to use highly toxic vegetables That has promoted the development of organic vegetable growing models Aquaponics is a model of aquaculture combined with growing vegetables and currently, it is considered as a sustainable aquaculture model in terms of: Improving productivity on the same farming area and saving costs: both harvesting fish and vegetables that only cost the fish feed It is safe and environmentally friendly: the operating mechanism of the model is based on biological filtration rules: wastewater from the aquarium (containing leftovers) is a source of nutrients that will be brought to watering vegetables, the vegetable tank acts as a biological filter system with a circulating exchange: absorbing wastes from the aquarium, and at the same time returning clean water and fixed bacteria from the roots, absorbing all nitrate gas from the aquarium to create a beneficial environment for fish growth The application of this model will be able to provide safe vegetables, firstly for the consumption needs of each household, and then expand to provide local area However, people often only use the wastewater in the tank to provide nutrients for plants, or add more fish to the system to increase the nutrient content, and performed researches on the relationship between plants and fish to find the most suitable combination for the Aquaponics system Researches of self-extracted organic nutrient solutions are also commonly studied in plants grow in soil or hydroponic systems, more 66 RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on plant height of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAYS FILE HEIGHT 2/ 3/22 14: :PAGE VARIATE V003 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 932666E-01 466333E-01 0.23 0.805 FORMULA$ 4.89317 1.63106 7.94 0.017 * RESIDUAL 1.23313 205522 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 6.21957 565415 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 14 DAYS FILE HEIGHT 2/ 3/22 14: :PAGE VARIATE V004 14 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 494001E-01 247001E-01 0.13 0.883 FORMULA$ 6.06787 2.02262 10.34 0.010 * RESIDUAL 1.17353 195589 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 7.29080 662800 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 21 DAYS FILE HEIGHT 2/ 3/22 14: :PAGE VARIATE V005 21 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 126067 630334E-01 0.14 0.875 FORMULA$ 5.47023 1.82341 3.93 0.073 * RESIDUAL 2.78487 464144 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 8.38117 761924 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 28 DAYS FILE HEIGHT 2/ 3/22 14: :PAGE VARIATE V006 28 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 268067 134033 0.17 0.851 FORMULA$ 10.3060 3.43532 4.23 0.063 * RESIDUAL 4.86713 811189 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 15.4412 1.40374 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 35 DAYS FILE HEIGHT 2/ 3/22 14: :PAGE VARIATE V007 35 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 192066 960332E-01 0.14 0.875 FORMULA$ 19.5320 6.51067 9.22 0.012 * RESIDUAL 4.23780 706300 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 23.9619 2.17835 67 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 42 DAYS FILE HEIGHT 2/ 3/22 14: :PAGE VARIATE V008 42 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 179999E-02 899997E-03 0.00 0.999 FORMULA$ 31.4189 10.4730 9.21 0.012 * RESIDUAL 6.81926 1.13654 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 38.2400 3.47636 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE HEIGHT 2/ 3/22 14: :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 4 4) 6DF REPLICAT NOS 4 DAYS 4.59000 4.50000 4.37500 14 DAYS 6.18000 6.23500 6.33500 21 DAYS 7.82500 7.93000 7.68000 28 DAYS 9.39500 9.75000 9.65000 0.226673 0.784097 0.221127 0.764914 0.340641 1.17833 0.450330 1.55776 35 DAYS 11.7750 12.0300 12.0550 42 DAYS 14.4450 14.4600 14.4750 SE(N= 4) 0.420208 0.533044 5%LSD 6DF 1.45357 1.84388 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 3 3 3) 6DF FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 NOS 3 3 DAYS 3.78667 4.09333 4.60000 5.47333 14 DAYS 5.47333 5.82667 6.34000 7.36000 21 DAYS 7.22000 7.23333 7.92000 8.87333 28 DAYS 8.84667 8.84000 9.59333 11.1133 0.261739 0.905398 0.255336 0.883247 0.393338 1.36062 0.519996 1.79875 35 DAYS 10.8733 11.0600 11.8000 14.0800 42 DAYS 13.0933 13.3533 14.2267 17.1667 SE(N= 3) 0.485215 0.615506 5%LSD 6DF 1.67843 2.12913 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE HEIGHT 2/ 3/22 14: :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE 14 21 28 35 42 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 4.4883 12 6.2500 12 7.8117 12 9.5983 12 11.953 12 14.460 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| SD/MEAN | | | BASED ON BASED ON % | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 0.75194 0.45335 10.1 0.8045 0.0172 0.81413 0.44225 7.1 0.8832 0.0095 0.87288 0.68128 8.7 0.8753 0.0728 1.1848 0.90066 9.4 0.8514 0.0632 1.4759 0.84042 7.0 0.8751 0.0124 1.8645 1.0661 7.4 0.9993 0.0124 68 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on leaf number of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAYS FILE LEAF 2/ 3/22 14:22 :PAGE VARIATE V003 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 186667 933334E-01 7.00 0.027 FORMULA$ 400000E-01 133333E-01 1.00 0.456 * RESIDUAL 800000E-01 133333E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 306667 278788E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 14 DAYS FILE LEAF 2/ 3/22 14:22 :PAGE VARIATE V004 14 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 466667E-01 233333E-01 1.24 0.356 FORMULA$ 1.14667 382222 20.24 0.002 * RESIDUAL 113333 188889E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 1.30667 118788 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 21 DAYS FILE LEAF 2/ 3/22 14:22 :PAGE VARIATE V005 21 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 466667E-01 233333E-01 0.72 0.526 FORMULA$ 706667 235556 7.31 0.021 * RESIDUAL 193333 322222E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 946667 860606E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 28 DAYS FILE LEAF 2/ 3/22 14:22 :PAGE VARIATE V006 28 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 866667E-01 433333E-01 1.11 0.389 FORMULA$ 276666 922221E-01 2.37 0.169 * RESIDUAL 233333 388889E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 596666 542424E-01 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 35 DAYS FILE LEAF 2/ 3/22 14:22 :PAGE VARIATE V007 35 DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 126667 633334E-01 4.38 0.067 FORMULA$ 1.18333 394444 27.31 0.001 * RESIDUAL 866666E-01 144444E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 1.39667 126970 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 42 DAYS FILE LEAF 2/ 3/22 14:22 :PAGE VARIATE V008 42 DAYS DAYS 69 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 466667E-01 233333E-01 0.51 0.626 FORMULA$ 1.78667 595556 13.07 0.006 * RESIDUAL 273333 455555E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 2.10667 191515 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE LEAF 2/ 3/22 14:22 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 4 4) 6DF REPLICAT DAYS 2.10000 2.20000 2.40000 14 DAYS 3.40000 3.55000 3.45000 21 DAYS 4.30000 4.45000 4.35000 28 DAYS 4.90000 5.10000 5.05000 0.577350E-01 0.687184E-01 0.897528E-01 0.986013E-01 0.199715 0.237708 0.310469 0.341078 NOS 4 35 DAYS 5.55000 5.80000 5.70000 42 DAYS 6.20000 6.35000 6.25000 SE(N= 4) 0.600925E-01 0.106719 5%LSD 6DF 0.207870 0.369157 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 3 3 3) 6DF FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 NOS 3 3 DAYS 2.13333 2.26667 2.26667 2.26667 21 DAYS 4.00000 4.33333 4.46667 4.66667 28 DAYS 4.93333 4.86667 5.00000 5.26667 0.666667E-01 0.793492E-01 0.103638 0.230611 0.274482 0.358499 0.113855 0.393843 35 DAYS 5.40000 5.46667 5.66667 6.20000 14 DAYS 2.93333 3.60000 3.66667 3.66667 42 DAYS 6.06667 6.00000 6.06667 6.93333 SE(N= 3) 0.693889E-01 0.123228 5%LSD 6DF 0.240027 0.426266 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE LEAF 2/ 3/22 14:22 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE 14 21 28 35 42 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 2.2333 12 3.4667 12 4.3667 12 5.0167 12 5.6833 12 6.2667 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| SD/MEAN | | | BASED ON BASED ON % | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 0.16697 0.11547 5.2 0.0275 0.4558 0.34466 0.13744 4.0 0.3564 0.0020 0.29336 0.17951 4.1 0.5256 0.0207 0.23290 0.19720 3.9 0.3891 0.1691 0.35633 0.12019 2.1 0.0670 0.0010 0.43762 0.21344 3.4 0.6265 0.0056 70 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on SPAD index of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE DAYS FILE SPAD 4/ 3/22 2:20 :PAGE VARIATE V003 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 1.31487 657433 0.92 0.451 FORMULA$ 483467 161156 0.22 0.876 * RESIDUAL 4.29953 716589 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 6.09787 554351 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 14 DAYS FILE SPAD 4/ 3/22 2:20 :PAGE VARIATE V004 14 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 2.98806 1.49403 2.71 0.145 FORMULA$ 1.09263 364211 0.66 0.608 * RESIDUAL 3.30847 551411 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 7.38916 671742 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 21 DAYS FILE SPAD 4/ 3/22 2:20 :PAGE VARIATE V005 21 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 1.79820 899100 0.92 0.451 FORMULA$ 2.77467 924888 0.95 0.477 * RESIDUAL 5.87033 978389 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 10.4432 949382 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 28 DAYS FILE SPAD 4/ 3/22 2:20 :PAGE VARIATE V006 28 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 129267 646333E-01 0.16 0.857 FORMULA$ 939302 313101 0.77 0.555 * RESIDUAL 2.44940 408234 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 3.51797 319816 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 35 DAYS FILE SPAD 4/ 3/22 2:20 :PAGE VARIATE V007 35 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 1.82407 912033 1.96 0.221 FORMULA$ 2.02320 674400 1.45 0.319 * RESIDUAL 2.78740 464567 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 6.63467 603152 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 42 DAYS FILE SPAD 4/ 3/22 2:20 :PAGE VARIATE V008 42 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS 71 LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 655266 327633 2.21 0.191 FORMULA$ 221467 738224E-01 0.50 0.699 * RESIDUAL 890333 148389 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 1.76707 160642 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE SPAD 4/ 3/22 2:20 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 4 4) 6DF REPLICAT NOS 4 DAYS 21.6550 22.4250 22.2600 14 DAYS 22.1450 22.8200 21.6000 21 DAYS 22.2950 21.7550 21.3500 28 DAYS 21.7250 21.5600 21.8100 0.423258 1.46412 0.371285 1.28434 0.494568 1.71079 0.319466 1.10508 35 DAYS 21.2550 21.7350 22.2100 42 DAYS 22.0600 21.9950 21.5350 SE(N= 4) 0.340796 0.192606 5%LSD 6DF 1.17887 0.666256 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 3 3 3) 6DF FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 NOS 3 3 DAYS 22.1600 22.2733 21.7733 22.2467 14 DAYS 22.6067 21.7600 22.1400 22.2467 21 DAYS 22.0600 21.1400 21.5867 22.4133 28 DAYS 21.3267 21.5467 21.8733 22.0467 0.488736 1.69062 0.428723 1.48302 0.571078 1.97545 0.368887 1.27604 35 DAYS 21.0733 21.7733 21.8933 22.1933 42 DAYS 21.6333 21.9200 21.9133 21.9867 SE(N= 3) 0.393517 0.222403 5%LSD 6DF 1.36124 0.769327 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE SPAD 4/ 3/22 2:20 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE 14 21 28 35 42 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 22.113 12 22.188 12 21.800 12 21.698 12 21.733 12 21.863 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| SD/MEAN | | | BASED ON BASED ON % | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 0.74455 0.84652 3.8 0.4513 0.8759 0.81960 0.74257 3.3 0.1446 0.6076 0.97436 0.98914 4.5 0.4507 0.4769 0.56552 0.63893 2.9 0.8569 0.5546 0.77663 0.68159 3.1 0.2205 0.3186 0.40080 0.38521 1.8 0.1907 0.6993 72 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on leaf area of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 15 DAYS FILE LA 3/ 3/22 17:38 :PAGE VARIATE V003 15 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 581999E-07 291000E-07 1.38 0.323 FORMULA$ 658167E-06 219389E-06 10.37 0.009 * RESIDUAL 126933E-06 211556E-07 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 843300E-06 766637E-07 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE HARVEST FILE LA 3/ 3/22 17:38 :PAGE VARIATE V004 HARVEST LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 366455E-05 183228E-05 0.27 0.777 FORMULA$ 118451E-03 394837E-04 5.71 0.035 * RESIDUAL 414741E-04 691235E-05 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 163590E-03 148718E-04 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE LA 3/ 3/22 17:38 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT NOS 4 15 DAYS HARVEST 0.417500E-02 0.262725E-01 0.434000E-02 0.258125E-01 0.422000E-02 0.271450E-01 SE(N= 4) 0.727248E-04 0.131457E-02 5%LSD 6DF 0.251567E-03 0.454730E-02 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 NOS 3 3 15 DAYS HARVEST 0.415000E-02 0.229467E-01 0.391333E-02 0.261833E-01 0.439000E-02 0.250433E-01 0.452667E-02 0.314667E-01 SE(N= 3) 0.839754E-04 0.151793E-02 5%LSD 6DF 0.290484E-03 0.525077E-02 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE LA 3/ 3/22 17:38 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE 15 DAYS HARVEST GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| (N= 12) SD/MEAN | | | NO BASED ON BASED ON % | | | OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 12 0.42450E-020.27688E-030.14545E-03 3.4 0.3229 0.0095 12 0.26410E-010.38564E-020.26291E-02 10.0 0.7772 0.0349 73 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on water content of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 15 DAYS FILE %WATER 3/ 3/22 19:25 :PAGE VARIATE V003 15 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 325106 162553 0.18 0.843 FORMULA$ 12.5869 4.19563 4.55 0.055 * RESIDUAL 5.53876 923126 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 18.4508 1.67734 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE HARVEST FILE %WATER 3/ 3/22 19:25 :PAGE VARIATE V004 HARVEST LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 802749 401375 1.48 0.300 FORMULA$ 3.69687 1.23229 4.56 0.055 * RESIDUAL 1.62294 270490 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 6.12256 556596 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE %WATER 3/ 3/22 19:25 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT NOS 4 15 DAYS 95.4495 95.2012 95.0502 HARVEST 94.0438 93.6285 93.4217 SE(N= 4) 0.480397 0.260043 5%LSD 6DF 1.66177 0.899531 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 NOS 3 3 15 DAYS 96.1707 96.1033 95.0120 93.6487 HARVEST 94.4813 93.6863 93.7127 92.9117 SE(N= 3) 0.554715 0.300272 5%LSD 6DF 1.91885 1.03869 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE %WATER 3/ 3/22 19:25 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE 15 DAYS HARVEST GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 95.234 12 93.698 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| SD/MEAN | | | BASED ON BASED ON % | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 1.2951 0.96079 1.0 0.8429 0.0552 0.74605 0.52009 0.6 0.2999 0.0549 74 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on dry weight of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 15 DAYS FILE DW 3/ 3/22 19:31 :PAGE VARIATE V003 15 DAYS DAYS DAYS DAYS LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 114500E-03 572500E-04 0.78 0.502 FORMULA$ 432300E-02 144100E-02 19.67 0.002 * RESIDUAL 439500E-03 732500E-04 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 487700E-02 443364E-03 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE HARVEST FILE DW 3/ 3/22 19:31 :PAGE VARIATE V004 HARVEST LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 254603E-01 127302E-01 3.46 0.100 FORMULA$ 348024 116008 31.56 0.001 * RESIDUAL 220557E-01 367595E-02 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 395540 359582E-01 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE DW 3/ 3/22 19:31 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT NOS 4 15 DAYS HARVEST 0.545000E-01 0.650600 0.562500E-01 0.719950 0.617500E-01 0.762350 SE(N= 4) 0.427931E-02 0.303148E-01 5%LSD 6DF 0.148028E-01 0.104864 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 NOS 3 3 15 DAYS HARVEST 0.390000E-01 0.520667 0.453333E-01 0.678867 0.573333E-01 0.657800 0.883333E-01 0.986533 SE(N= 3) 0.494132E-02 0.350045E-01 5%LSD 6DF 0.170928E-01 0.121086 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE DW 3/ 3/22 19:31 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE 15 DAYS HARVEST GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| (N= 12) SD/MEAN | | | NO BASED ON BASED ON % | | | OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 12 0.57500E-010.21056E-010.85586E-02 14.9 0.5020 0.0022 12 0.71097 0.18963 0.60630E-01 8.5 0.0997 0.0007 75 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on individual yield and net yield of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE INDIVIDU FILE YIELD 3/ 3/22 20: :PAGE VARIATE V003 INDIVIDU LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 815484 407742 0.60 0.583 FORMULA$ 33.1867 11.0622 16.21 0.003 * RESIDUAL 4.09541 682568 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 38.0976 3.46341 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE ACTUAL FILE YIELD 3/ 3/22 20: :PAGE VARIATE V004 ACTUAL LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 31.8126 15.9063 0.48 0.644 FORMULA$ 5335.45 1778.48 53.64 0.000 * RESIDUAL 198.943 33.1572 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 5566.21 506.019 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE YIELD 3/ 3/22 20: :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT NOS 4 INDIVIDU 10.8166 11.1704 11.4538 ACTUAL 163.314 166.189 167.146 SE(N= 4) 0.413088 2.87911 5%LSD 6DF 1.42894 9.95932 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 NOS 3 3 INDIVIDU 9.44887 10.7484 10.4890 13.9014 ACTUAL 142.157 159.580 160.680 199.783 SE(N= 3) 0.476993 3.32451 5%LSD 6DF 1.65000 11.5000 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE YIELD 3/ 3/22 20: :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE INDIVIDU ACTUAL GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 11.147 12 165.55 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| SD/MEAN | | | BASED ON BASED ON % | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 1.8610 0.82618 7.4 0.5832 0.0034 22.495 5.7582 3.5 0.6440 0.0002 76 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on dry matter content of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE %DRY FILE %DRY 3/ 3/22 19:35 :PAGE VARIATE V003 %DRY LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 802749 401375 1.48 0.300 FORMULA$ 3.69685 1.23228 4.56 0.055 * RESIDUAL 1.62295 270491 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 6.12254 556595 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE %DRY 3/ 3/22 19:35 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT NOS 4 %DRY 5.95625 6.37150 6.57825 SE(N= 4) 0.260044 5%LSD 6DF 0.899533 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 NOS 3 3 %DRY 5.51867 6.31367 6.28733 7.08833 SE(N= 3) 0.300273 5%LSD 6DF 1.03869 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE %DRY 3/ 3/22 19:35 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE %DRY GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 6.3020 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| SD/MEAN | | | BASED ON BASED ON % | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 0.74605 0.52009 8.3 0.2999 0.0549 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on Brix of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE BRIX FILE BRIX 8/ 3/22 1:29 :PAGE VARIATE V003 BRIX LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 294000E-01 147000E-01 1.33 0.333 FORMULA$ 3.06917 1.02306 92.54 0.000 * RESIDUAL 663336E-01 110556E-01 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 3.16490 287718 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE BRIX 77 8/ 3/22 1:29 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT NOS 4 BRIX 3.54500 3.65000 3.65000 SE(N= 4) 0.525728E-01 5%LSD 6DF 0.181858 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 NOS 3 3 BRIX 2.75333 3.80000 3.86000 4.04667 SE(N= 3) 0.607059E-01 5%LSD 6DF 0.209991 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE BRIX 8/ 3/22 1:29 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE BRIX GRAND MEAN (N= 12) NO OBS 12 3.6150 STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| SD/MEAN | | | BASED ON BASED ON % | | | TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 0.53639 0.10515 2.9 0.3334 0.0001 Effect of organic nutrient solution levels on wither level of leaf mustard BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 1H FILE WITHER 4/ 3/22 6:51 :PAGE VARIATE V003 1H LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 305317E-04 152658E-04 0.21 0.814 FORMULA$ 223763E-03 745875E-04 1.04 0.440 * RESIDUAL 428815E-03 714692E-04 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 683109E-03 621008E-04 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 3H FILE WITHER 4/ 3/22 6:51 :PAGE VARIATE V004 3H LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 974217E-04 487108E-04 0.38 0.701 FORMULA$ 401449E-03 133816E-03 1.05 0.439 * RESIDUAL 767158E-03 127860E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 126603E-02 115094E-03 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 5H FILE WITHER 4/ 3/22 6:51 :PAGE VARIATE V005 5H LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= 78 REPLICAT 328817E-04 164408E-04 0.19 0.831 FORMULA$ 472620E-03 157540E-03 1.83 0.242 * RESIDUAL 516565E-03 860942E-04 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 102207E-02 929151E-04 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 8H FILE WITHER 4/ 3/22 6:51 :PAGE VARIATE V006 8H LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 125317E-04 626585E-05 0.05 0.949 FORMULA$ 459137E-03 153046E-03 1.30 0.358 * RESIDUAL 705868E-03 117645E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 117754E-02 107049E-03 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 12H FILE WITHER 4/ 3/22 6:51 :PAGE VARIATE V007 12H LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 348665E-05 174333E-05 0.01 0.987 FORMULA$ 618834E-03 206278E-03 1.66 0.272 * RESIDUAL 743647E-03 123941E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 136597E-02 124179E-03 BALANCED ANOVA FOR VARIATE 24H FILE WITHER 4/ 3/22 6:51 :PAGE VARIATE V008 24H LN SOURCE OF VARIATION DF SUMS OF MEAN F RATIO PROB ER SQUARES SQUARES LN ============================================================================= REPLICAT 829266E-04 414633E-04 0.23 0.806 FORMULA$ 456683E-03 152228E-03 0.83 0.527 * RESIDUAL 110382E-02 183970E-03 * TOTAL (CORRECTED) 11 164343E-02 149403E-03 TABLE OF MEANS FOR FACTORIAL EFFECTS FILE WITHER 4/ 3/22 6:51 :PAGE MEANS FOR EFFECT REPLICAT REPLICAT SE(N= 5%LSD NOS 4 4) 6DF REPLICAT 1H 3H 5H 8H 0.535500E-01 0.750500E-01 0.981250E-01 0.115975 0.499250E-01 0.680750E-01 0.974500E-01 0.116650 0.530000E-01 0.713500E-01 0.943250E-01 0.114225 0.422697E-02 0.565375E-02 0.463935E-02 0.542321E-02 0.146218E-01 0.195572E-01 0.160482E-01 0.187597E-01 NOS 4 12H 0.128850 0.129300 0.130150 24H 0.147375 0.147525 0.153025 SE(N= 4) 0.556644E-02 0.678178E-02 5%LSD 6DF 0.192552E-01 0.234593E-01 MEANS FOR EFFECT FORMULA$ FORMULA$ M0 M1 NOS 3 1H 3H 5H 8H 0.482333E-01 0.680000E-01 0.917333E-01 0.113467 0.494333E-01 0.669333E-01 0.925000E-01 0.108367 79 M2 M3 3 SE(N= 5%LSD 3) 6DF FORMULA$ M0 M1 M2 M3 0.516333E-01 0.696667E-01 0.950000E-01 0.115233 0.593333E-01 0.813667E-01 0.107300 0.125400 0.488089E-02 0.652839E-02 0.535706E-02 0.626218E-02 0.168838E-01 0.225828E-01 0.185309E-01 0.216619E-01 NOS 3 3 12H 0.125100 0.122267 0.129267 0.141100 24H 0.152233 0.138833 0.151433 0.154733 SE(N= 3) 0.642757E-02 0.783092E-02 5%LSD 6DF 0.222340E-01 0.270884E-01 ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE SUMMARY TABLE FILE WITHER 4/ 3/22 6:51 :PAGE F-PROBABLIITY VALUES FOR EACH EFFECT IN THE MODEL SECTION - VARIATE 1H 3H 5H 8H 12H 24H GRAND MEAN STANDARD DEVIATION C OF V |REPLICAT|FORMULA$| (N= 12) SD/MEAN | | | NO BASED ON BASED ON % | | | OBS TOTAL SS RESID SS | | | 12 0.52158E-010.78804E-020.84539E-02 16.2 0.8143 0.4397 12 0.71492E-010.10728E-010.11308E-01 15.8 0.7014 0.4386 12 0.96633E-010.96393E-020.92787E-02 9.6 0.8314 0.2419 12 0.11562 0.10346E-010.10846E-01 9.4 0.9486 0.3578 12 0.12943 0.11144E-010.11133E-01 8.6 0.9872 0.2722 12 0.14931 0.12223E-010.13564E-01 9.1 0.8056 0.5267 80