Hệ điều hành Linux cơ bản

Linux Fundamental (For ICT) By : ICT/BA Date : Aug, 2008 Duration: 3 hours Revision : 1.0 17/09/2009Confidential2 Course Objectives At the end of this course, you can Understand basic about Linux System Install Linux Can work with most of Linux commands,including basic administration tips for network service and Apache, Mysql, Oracle … ) Has basic background to study more if you want to become an expert At the end of this course, you can Understand basic about Linux System Install Linux Can work with most of Linux commands,including basic administration tips for network service and Apache, Mysql, Oracle … ) Has basic background to study more if you want to become an expert 17/09/2009Confidential3 Course Outline Introduction Basic concepts Installation Linux System Construction Boot sequence File system Basic Administration Basic commands Install/uninstall software Enable/disable services Linux in practice References Introduction Basic concepts Installation Linux System Construction Boot sequence File system Basic Administration Basic commands Install/uninstall software Enable/disable services Linux in practice References 17/09/2009Confidential4 Acronyms •GNU: General Public License •KDE: K Desktop Environment •GNOME: GNU Network Object Model Environment •FS: File System •CLI: Command Line Interface •LILO: Linux Loader •GRUB: Grand Unified Bootloader •GNU: General Public License •KDE: K Desktop Environment •GNOME: GNU Network Object Model Environment •FS: File System •CLI: Command Line Interface •LILO: Linux Loader •GRUB: Grand Unified Bootloader Supplementary Slide 17/09/2009Confidential5 Section 1: Introduction Unix and Unix-based OS Unix is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs Unix-based OS: Solaris(Sun), HP-Unix(HP), BSD… Refer to References number 1 for Unix history What is linux? Unix-like system Linux was initially developed by LinusTorvaldsin 1991 Linux family: refer to References number 5 detail of Linux distributions. Here, talk about: Debian, Red Hat, Fedora, Ubuntu … Unix and Unix-based OS Unix is a computer operating system originally developed in 1969 by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs Unix-based OS: Solaris(Sun), HP-Unix(HP), BSD… Refer to References number 1 for Unix history What is linux? Unix-like system Linux was initially developed by LinusTorvaldsin 1991 Linux family: refer to References number 5 detail of Linux distributions. Here, talk about: Debian, Red Hat, Fedora, Ubuntu … 17/09/2009Confidential6 Basic Concepts 17/09/2009Confidential7 Basic Concepts Kernel: Central component of most computer operating systems(OS). Manage system's resources and communication between hardwareand softwarecomponents. Shell: interface for users access to services of a kernel. Graphical (GUI) shell •GNOME •KDE Text shell (CLI: Command line interpreter) •sh •Ksh: KornShell •Bash: Bourne-again shell Kernel: Central component of most computer operating systems(OS). Manage system's resources and communication between hardwareand softwarecomponents. Shell: interface for users access to services of a kernel. Graphical (GUI) shell •GNOME •KDE Text shell (CLI: Command line interpreter) •sh •Ksh: KornShell •Bash: Bourne-again shell 17/09/2009Confidential8 Installation Prepare installation CD. Download .iso files: http://redhat.download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/core/ http://www.debian.org/CD/ http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/get.jsp Burn CDs. BIOS boot: CD first. Installation by CDs. Swap partition: at least, should equal RAM (flexible). Boot partition. Root partition: mounted to main hard disk. Select components. Install and setup right things for IP address, domain,… Prepare installation CD. Download .iso files: http://redhat.download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/core/ http://www.debian.org/CD/ http://www.sun.com/software/solaris/get.jsp Burn CDs. BIOS boot: CD first. Installation by CDs. Swap partition: at least, should equal RAM (flexible). Boot partition. Root partition: mounted to main hard disk. Select components. Install and setup right things for IP address, domain,… 17/09/2009Confidential9 Boot sequence BIOS Master Boot Record (MBR) Boot loader: liloor grub •load kernel (image=), or •load partition boot sector (other=) (dual boot) kernel initialize devices mount root FS run /sbin/init, PID 1 Init Reads /etc/inittab Runs scripts defined (/etc/rc1-5.d/…) BIOS Master Boot Record (MBR) Boot loader: liloor grub •load kernel (image=), or •load partition boot sector (other=) (dual boot) kernel initialize devices mount root FS run /sbin/init, PID 1 Init Reads /etc/inittab Runs scripts defined (/etc/rc1-5.d/…) 17/09/2009Confidential10 System state System state 0 -Shutdown 1 – Single User Mode 2 – Basic Multi-user Mode 3 – Full Multi-user without X 4 – Not Used 5 – Mutli-user with X 6 –Reboot System state 0 -Shutdown 1 – Single User Mode 2 – Basic Multi-user Mode 3 – Full Multi-user without X 4 – Not Used 5 – Mutli-user with X 6 –Reboot [...]... nameserver 172.20.0.2 nameserver 172.20.0.3 17/09/2009 Confidential 33 Configure network Configure IP address ifconfig eth1 172.21.204.135 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.21.255.255 up Configure route Linux: /sbin/ip route add default via 172.21.0.1 dev eth0 /sbin/ip route add 172.20.0.0/16 via 172.21.0.1 dev eth0 Solaris /usr/sbin/route add net default 172.21.0.2 /usr/sbin/route add net 172.16.0.0/16 . Example Type "ls-l" and a listing like the following is displayed: total 10 drwxrwxrwx4georgeteam1122Dec 12 18:02Projects -rw-rw-rw-1georgeteam11873Aug 23 08:34 test -rw-rw-rw-1georgeteam11234Sep. Type "ls-l" and a listing like the following is displayed: total 10 drwxrwxrwx4georgeteam1122Dec 12 18:02Projects -rw-rw-rw-1georgeteam11873Aug 23 08:34 test -rw-rw-rw-1georgeteam11234Sep. Labs Unix-based OS: Solaris(Sun), HP-Unix(HP), BSD… Refer to References number 1 for Unix history What is linux? Unix-like system Linux was initially developed by LinusTorvaldsin 1991 Linux family: