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BINH DINH PROVINCE PEOPLE’S COMMITTEE QUY NHON COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY COURSEBOOK SUBJECT : ENGLISH FOR AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGY MAJOR : AUTOMOBILE TECHNOLOGY LEVEL : COLLEGE LEVEL Issued with the Decision N0 99/QĐ-CĐKTCNQN March 2018-03-14 Bình Định, 2018 STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP As a book specially used in schools and colleges, this coursebook can be copied partially or completely for the purposes of education and training No part of the book is used for other purposes INTRODUCTION English for Automobile Technology is a curriculum developed for students in Automobile Technology after they have completed 120 hours of English for the Global Workplace (Beginning to Pre-Intermediate) The textbook is based primarily on Marie Kavanagh's Oxford English for the Automobile Industry In addition, the compilation team also consulted many other reliable sources Curriculum of specialized English subjects is one of the curriculum subjects developed in accordance with the content of the framework program approved by the General Department of Vocational Education Vietnam The content is short, concise and easy to understand, integrating knowledge and skills, and at the same time logical The units of the Automobile Engineering discipline are designed and arranged intelligently, flexibly, incorporating reading assignments and interpretations of Automobile Technology terms along with relevant grammar topics, practice exercises and skills development in English It also includes images, data, tables, for teachers' teaching as well as study of students We sincerely thank the teachers at the Faculty of Automobile, units and individuals have participated in the compilation and comments When compiling, we have made great efforts to complete the textbook, but certainly inevitably mistakes, so look forward to the comments of teachers, students and readers Editor Huỳnh Đăng Dũng CONTENT STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP INTRODUCTION CONTENT COURSEBOOK UNIT - READING FOR THE GENERAL AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS 1.1 Reading for General Information about “Automobile Systems” .6 1.1.1 Relevant knowledge 1.1.2 Skimming .8 1.2 Order of the steps 1.3 Practice: 1.4 Reading for Specific Information about “Automobile Systems” 1.4.1 Scanning a text 1.4.2 Order of steps 10 1.5 Extra practice 10 UNIT – READING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE EXTERIOR CAR’S PARTS .12 2.1 Relevant knowledge 12 2.1.1 Vocabulary 12 2.1.2 Scanning a text 14 2.2 Order of steps 14 2.3 Practice 14 2.4 Extra practice 18 UNIT – HOW TO GIVE INSTRUCTION ABOUT USING THE INTERIOR CAR’S PARTS 19 3.1 Relevant knowledge 19 3.1.1 Vocabulary 19 3.1.2 Give instruction about interior car’s parts 20 3.2 Order of the steps 20 3.3 Practice 20 3.4 Extra Practice 23 UNIT - READING FOR GENERAL AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT THE ENGINES 25 4.1 Reading for General Information about “The Engines” .25 4.1.1 Relevant knowledge 25 4.1.1.1 Vocabulary 25 4.1.1.2 Skimming 26 4.1.2 Order of the steps 26 4.1.3 Practice 27 4.2 Reading for Specific Information about “The Engines” 30 4.2.1 Scanning a text 30 4.2.2 Order of steps 30 4.3 Extra Practice 32 UNIT - READING FOR SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT DRIVETRAIN 33 5.1 Relevant knowledge 33 5.2 Order of the steps 34 5.3 Practice 35 5.4 Extra Practice 39 UNIT - READING FOR GENERAL AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT SAFETY FEATURES OF THE CAR 40 6.1 Reading for General Information about “The Engines” .40 6.1.1 Relevant knowledge 40 6.1.1.1 Vocabulary 40 6.1.1.2 Skimming 42 6.1.2 Order of Steps 42 6.1.3 Practice 42 6.2 Reading for Specific Information about “Safety features” 43 6.2.1 Scanning 43 6.2.2 Order of the steps 43 6.3 Extra Practice 46 REFRENCES .53 COURSEBOOK Course title: English for Automobile Technology Course Code: MH 08 Time: 90 hours; (Theory: 43; Practice: 45; Test: 2) Position and characteristics of subjects: - Position: Placed in front of courses/ modules of specialization - Characteristics: This is the basic subject in the vocational training program of Automobile Technology - Role: This is an important subject Provided with the knowledge about English language and vocabulary for CSE, the learners have an opportunity to update the current knowledge of their major as well as to be able to work abroad The Objective of the subject - Knowledge: + To be able to express the basic terminology of English Automobile Technology + To be able to use common grammatical structures - Skill: + To be able to read the automotive engineering materials + To be able to ask and answer basic knowledge in Automobile Technology in English - Attitude: + To develop an attitude of creativity, responsibility and autonomy as demonstrated by students with a strong sense of curiosity, commitment, and independence + To be able to work individually and in a team Course content: No TIME (hour) UNITS Total Unit - Reading for the general and specific information about Automobile Systems Unit - Reading for specific information about the exterior car’s parts Unit – How to give instruction about the interior car’s parts Unit - Reading for general and specific information about the engines Unit - Reading for specific information about Drivetrain Unit - Reading for general and specific information about Safety features of the car Theory Practice Test 15 15 15 7 15 15 15 7 90 Cộng 43 45 UNIT - READING FOR THE GENERAL AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT AUTOMOBILE SYSTEMS MH 08-01 Thời gian: 15 (LT: 3; TH: 7; Tự học: 5; KT: 0) Introduction: Automobile, self-propelled vehicle used primarily on public roads but adaptable to other surfaces Automobile influencenearly every aspect of modern living Specialist knowledge about automobile is very useful to technicians How to acquire reading skills for general information about automobile systems will be explicitly showed in this unit Learning Outcomes: - Name the components of automobile system and their functions - Use reading strategies to comprehend a text about automobile - To be active in self-learning Content: 1.1 Reading for General Information about “Automobile Systems” 1.1.1 Relevant knowledge * Vocabulary Absorber / əb'sɔ:bə/ air bags / eə, bæg/ Automobile /'ɔ:təməbi:l/ Axle /'æksl/ braking system / breikiη, 'sistəm/ bump /bʌmp/ bumper /bʌmpə/ carburetor / 'kɑ:bəreitə/ cargo / 'kɑ:gou/ Carriage /'kæridʒ/ Classify / 'klæsifai/ Clutch / klʌt∫/ control system / kən'troul, 'sistəm/ n n n n n n n n n n v n n coolant systems / 'ku:lənt, 'sistəm/ cushion /'ku∫n/ n n Differential /differential/ = differential gear n cái giảm xóc (ơ tơ) túi khí, túi an tồn xe ôtô (kỹ thuật) trục xe Hệ thống phanh sự va mạnh, sự đụng mạnh; cái hãm xung, cái đỡ va (ô tô ) kỹ thuật) bộ chế hoà khí; cacbuaratơ Hàng hóa sườn xe (gờm khung và bánh) sắp xếp cho có hệ thống; phân loại (kỹ thuật) khớp; khớp ly hợp hệ thống kiểm soát, hệ (thống) điều khiển Hệ thống làm mát cái đệm, cái nệm; (kỹ thuật) miếng đệm đầu trục, cuxinê (kỹ thuật) vi sai; bộ truyền động vi sai Doubt / daut/ n v drive systems Driveshafts /'draiv,∫a:ft/ Drive-train /draiv, trein/ n n n Elaborate /i’læbərit/ electrical system /i'lektrikəl, 'sistəm/ Element /'elimənt/ Exhaust /ig'zɔ:st/ adj n sự nghi ngờ, sự ngờ vực; sự dự, sự lưỡng lự, nghi ngờ, ngờ vực; dự, lưỡng lự hệ truyền động trục truyền động Hệ thống động lực hệ thống truyền động phức tạp; tỉ mỉ, kỹ lưỡng, công phu; tinh vi Hệ thống điện n n yếu tố khói, khí, nước từ một động thải ra; ống xả For better or worse (exp) frame /freim/ n fuel /fjuəl/ Gear /giə/ n n headlight /'hedlait/ Highway /'haiwei/ n n intake manifold /'inteik, 'mænifould/ Landscape /'lændskeip/ lubrication /,lu:bri'kei∫n/ Mud /mʌd/ occupant /'ɒkjʊpənt/ n cấu trúc, cấu; hệ thống, thứ tự; khung, sườn chất đốt, nhiên liệu (kỹ thuật) bánh răng; sự truyền động bánh răng; số (ô tô ) đèn pha ô-tô đường chính công cộng; quốc lộ; Đường cao tốc Cổ hút khí; ống dẫn khí nạp Omnibuses / 'ɔmnibəs/ Pickup / 'pikʌp/ n n power plant /'pauə,pla:nt/ power train n n Primary /'praiməri/ Rank /ræηk/ Rugged /'rʌgid/ n n n n adj n adj phong cảnh sự tra dầu mỡ, sự bôi trơn bùn người cư ngụ, người sử dụng; người sở hữu xe ô tô hai tầng, xe buýt hai tầng loại xe tải nhỏ, không mui, thành thấp xe bán tải thiết bị động lực; thiết bị phát điện cấu truyền động, hệ thống động lực (bao gồm động hộp số), hệ bánh truyền động, hệ thống truyền lực, hàng đầu, chủ yếu, chính, quan trọng nhất Vị trí, phẩm chất, địa vị xã hội ; hàng, cấp; chức gồ ghề, lởm chởm, xù xì, lổn nhổn có vẻ thô; thô kệch running gear seat belts /'si:t'belt/ Shape / ∫eip/ n v n shock absorbers / '∫ɔk əb'sɔ:bə/ n So-called /'sou'kɔ:ld/ Sport-utility vehicles / spɔ:t, ju:'tiləti, 'vi:hikl/ Springs /spriη/ stabilizer /'steibəlailzə/ Steering system / 'stiəriη, 'sistəm/ Subsystem / sʌb'sistəm/ Suburb /'sʌbə:b/ Suspension /sə'spen∫n/ systems / 'sistəm/ Tire =tyre /'taiə/ Transmission /trænz'mi∫n/ adj n n n n n n n n n n bánh chạy; Bộ phận làm việc máy đai an toàn, dây an toàn tạo thành hình Hình dạng, hình thù; loại, kiểu, hình thức thiết bị giảm sốc; nhíp chống sốc, lò xo chống sốc cái gọi là Xe thể thao đa dụng lò xo; nhíp (xe) chất ổn định; bộ thăng bằng Hệ thống lái hệ thống phụ; hệ thống ngoại ô; ngoại thành hệ thống giảm xóc, hệ thống treo Hệ thống lốp, vỏ (xe) bộ truyền lực, hộp truyền động (trong xe có động cơ) xe tải Xe tải Bánh xe Truck / trʌk/ n Van / væn/ n Wheel /wi:l/ n 1.1.2 Skimming Skimming refers to looking only for the general or main idea Skimming allows you to pick up some of the main ideas without paying attention to detail It is a fast process To skim effectively, don’t read everything 1.2 Order of the steps Step Read the first sentence of each paragraph or the topic sentences Step Drop down through the rest of the paragraph, looking for important pieces of information, such as names, dates, or events, until you are near the end Step Stop skimming there and read in detail since the last few paragraphs may contain a conclusion or summary 1.3 Practice: Practice Read the text and decide which heading will go with which paragraph The main parts of automobiles Automobile is combined by many different systems The classifying of automobiles A Automobiles are powered and controlled by a complicated interrelationship between several systems This diagram shows the parts of a car with a gas engine and manual transmission (the air filter and carburetor have been removed to show the parts beneath but usually appear in the space above the intake manifold) The major systems of the automobile are the power plant, the power train, the running gear, and the control system Each of these major categories include a number of subsystems, as shown here The power plant includes the engine, fuel, electrical, exhaust, lubrication, and coolant systems The power train includes the transmission and drive systems, including the clutch, differential, and drive shaft Suspension, stabilizers, wheels, and tires are all part of the running gear, or support system Steering and brake systems are the major components of the control system, by which the driver directs the car B Automobiles are classified by size, style, number of doors, and intended use The typical automobile, also called a car, auto, motorcar, and passenger car, has four wheels and can carry up to six people, including a driver Larger vehicles designed to carry more passengers are called vans, minivans, omnibuses, or buses Those used to carry cargo are called pickups or trucks, depending on their size and design Minivans are van-style vehicles built on a passenger car frame that can usually carry up to eight passengers Sport-utility vehicles, also known as SUVs, are more rugged than passenger cars and are designed for driving in mud or snow C The automobile is built around an engine Various systems supply the engine with fuel, cool it during operation, lubricate its moving parts, and remove exhaust gases it creates The engine produces mechanical power that is transmitted to the automobile’s wheels through a drivetrain, which includes a transmission, one or more driveshafts, a differential gear, and axles Suspension systems, which include springs and shock absorbers, cushion the ride and help protect the vehicle from being damaged by bumps, heavy loads, and other stresses Wheels and tires support the vehicle on the roadway and, when rotated by powered axles, propel the vehicle forward or backward Steering and braking systems provide control over direction and speed An electrical system starts and operates the engine, monitors and controls many aspects of the vehicle’s operation, and powers such components as headlights and radios Safety features such as bumpers, air bags, and seat belts help protect occupants in an accident speed 15 Differential is the torque decrease provided by the gear ratio UNIT - READING FOR GENERAL AND SPECIFIC INFORMATION ABOUT SAFETY FEATURES OF THE CAR MH 08-061 Thời gian: 15 (LT: 3; TH: 6; Tự học: 5; KT: 1) Introduction : in Unit - Reading for general and specific information about Safety features of the car, student will learn about the way to talk about advantages and disadvantages; active and passive safety features; choosing safety features; … Target: - To be able to name auto parts that have active and passive safety features - To be able to ask and answer about the safety features of the car parts - To be active in self-learning Content: 6.1 Reading for General Information about “The Engines” 6.1.1 Relevant knowledge 6.1.1.1 Vocabulary ABS (= Anti-lock Braking System) Absorb [əb'sɔ:b] Active safety system ['æktiv, 'seifti, 'sistəm] Adaptive [ə'dæptiv] Adaptive cruise control (ACC) [ə'dæptiv, kru:z, kən'troul] Airbag assess [ə'ses] n v n adj n n v Hệ thống chống bó phanh hấp thu Hệ thống an toàn chủ động có khả thích nghi, thích ứng Điều khiển hành trình tự động Túi khí ước định; đánh giá; định giá 41 Audible ['ɔ:dəbl] Automatic emmergency braking (AEB) [,ɔ:tə'mætik, i'mə:dʒensi, breikiη] barrier ['bæriə] collision [kə'liʒn] Congested [kən'dʒestid] Crumple ['krʌmpl] adj n có thể nghe thấy, nghe rõ hệ thống phanh tự động khẩn cấp n n adj v chướng ngại vật, hàng rào sự đụng; sự va chạm, sự xung đột đông nghịt, chật ních bị ép thành nhiều nếp hoặc vò nhàu, làm nhàu, ép vỡ cản xe, vùng dễ bị biến dạng Vùng hấp thụ xung lực, vùng biến dạng khung xe sự nạp điện, sự tích điện, tiền phải trả, giá tiền, tiền công, tiền thù lao làm cho méo mó, làm biến dạng sự méo mó, sự biến dạng sự dàn quân, sự dàn trận, sự triển khai tháo/gỡ cái gì khỏi cái gì sự đổi chỗ, sự dời chỗ, sự chuyển chỗ người nộm, người rơm, bù nhìn Hệ thống cân điện tử Crumple zone Crumple zone ['krʌmpl, zoun] n n Charge [t∫ɑ:dʒ] n deformable [di'fɔ:məbl] = deform deformation [,di:fɔ:'mei∫n] Deploy [di'plɔi] detach [di'tæt∫] displacement [dis'pleismənt] dummy ['dʌmi] Electronic Stability Program (ESP) [,ilek'trɔnik, stə'biləti, 'prougræm] Embarrasing [im'bærəsiη] embarrassing situation emmergency [i'mə:dʒensi] Gimmick ['gimik] Impact ['impækt] Inflate [in'fleit] injury ['indʒəri] Lane departure warning system [lein, di'pɑ:t∫ə, 'wɔ:niη, 'sistəm] Occupant ['ɒkjʊpənt] v n n v n n n Overtake [,ouvə'teik] Passive safety system ['pæsiv, 'seifti, 'sistəm] pedestrian [pi'destriən] pelvic ['pelvik] ram [ræm] Retractable [ri'træktəbl] adj n n n v n n n v n n adj n adj làm lúng túng, ngăn trở tình trạng lúng túng sự khẩn cấp; tình trạng khẩn cấp mẹo quảng cáo, mánh lới quảng cáo sự va chạm; tác động, ảnh hưởng thổi phồng; bơm phồng tổn thương Hệ thống Cảnh báo chệch đường người sở hữu, người chiếm giữ người cư ngụ, người sử dụng bắt kịp, vượt Hệ thống an tồn thụ động người bợ; khách bợ hành (giải phẫu) (thuộc) khung xương chậu đâm vào, đụng vào có thể rụt vào, có thể co vào, có thể kéo thụt vào 42 Retractable steering wheel [ri'trỉktəbl, ´stiəriη¸wi:l] rigid ['ridʒid] risk [risk] Seat belts [si:t¸belt] = safety-belt Shatterproof ['∫ỉtə'pru:f] Shatterproof windscreen ['∫ỉtə'pru:f, ´wind¸skri:n] Stability [stə'biləti] Statistic [stə'tistik] strict [strikt] strict discipline terminology [,tə:mi'nɔlədʒi] thorax ['θɔ:ræks] Trigger ['trigə] Virtual ['və:t∫uəl] Xenon headlight ['zenɔn 'hedlait] n adj n n adj n vơ lăng (bánh lái) rụt vào, co vào Cứng; cứng nhắc, sự liều, sự mạo hiểm, sự rủi ro, sự nguy hiểm Đai an toàn, dây an tồn được làm để cho khơng vỡ Kính chắn gió khơng vỡ xe n n sự ởn định (giá cả ) Thống kê; thông tin được biểu hiện bằng số adj nghiêm khắc, chặt chẽ, không khoan dung, không có ngoại lệ, khắt khe, nghiêm ngặt Nph kỷ luật nghiêm ngặt n thuật ngữ n (giải phẫu) ngực v làm nổ ra, gây ra; khởi sự một hành động, khởi sự một quá trình adj (vật lý) ảo n Đèn pha xenon 6.1.1.2 Skimming Skimming refers to looking only for the general or main idea Skimming allows you to pick up some of the main ideas without paying attention to detail It is a fast process To skim effectively, don’t read everything 6.1.2 Order of Steps Step Read the first sentence of each paragraph or the topic sentences Step Drop down through the rest of the paragraph, looking for important pieces of information, such as names, dates, or events, until you are near the end Step Stop skimming there and read in detail since the last few paragraphs may contain a conclusion or summary 6.1.3 Practice Practice 1: Read the extracts from a presentation about a car safety programme and put them in the correct order Then listen to the presentation to check your answers Skim the text and identify the paragraphs which contain information on each of these topics 43 A This next slide shows the four dummies which are used inside the car in the test The driver and front passenger dummies not only measure the usual injury criteria, such as head, thorax, pelvic acceleration, and thigh pressure, but also neck pressure, thorax deformation, knee displacement, and lower leg pressure At the rear are two smaller dummies in children's seats A further test assesses the injury risk for pedestrians OK, I think that covers everything about the tests Now I'd just like to sum up by repeating my main points B … and that brings me on to my next point - the passive vehicle safety programme This programme has set new standards for passive vehicle safety in Europe and America Its aim is to provide the customer with an opportunity to compare passive vehicle safety in different car models Just so that everyone’s clear about the terminology, when I say passive vehicle safety, I mean those features used if an accident happens Features which are used to avoid an accident are referred to as active vehicle safety One important feature of the programme is C Now we come to the tests themselves As you can see in this slide, the programme first tested vehicles in a head-on collision with a rigid wall at 64 km/h In this side-on crash, a 1.5 m wide deformable barrier weighing 950 kg is rammed into the side of the car at 80 km/h A vehicle can be awarded up to five stars, depending on how it performs in the tests D Good morning everyone For those of you who don’t know me, my name is Gordon Waters I’m here today to talk about NCAP - that’s the New Car Assessment Programme First of all, I’m going to tell you something about the history of the NCAP Then I’ll talk about the NCAP’s passive vehicle safety programme There’ll be time for questions at the end So, firstly, let’s look at the NCAP’s history The NCAP was founded in 1997 and … 44 6.2 Reading for Specific Information about “Safety features” 6.2.1 Scanning Scanning is the best strategy for searching for specific information in a text Move your eyes up and down the text until you find the word or words you want Again, try to ignore any information which will not help you with your Practice 6.2.2 Order of the steps Step Identify the information you need Step Move very quickly over the text and look for answers to only one question at a time Step When you locate the the information, read the surrounding text carefully to see if it is relevant Step Re-read the question to determine if the answer you found answers this question Step Write/choose the correct answer, and then move on to the next question and follow the same way Practice 2: Now read some questions asked by people in the audience How would you answer them? Speaker Excuse me, but did you say that the NCAP tests active and passive vehicle safety? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Speaker Who does the NCAP provide information for, exactly? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Speaker What did you say the crash speed in the frontal crash is? ………………………………………………………………………………………… 45 ………………………………………………………………………………………… Speaker Did you say tested vehicles are given a percentage rating? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Speaker Am I right in thinking the tests assess the risk of injury to the whole body? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Speaker So these tests only assess the risk of injury to passengers, is that right? ………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………… Practice 3: Put the safety features into the correct column Active safety Passive safety Which of these safety features does your car have? Tell your partner Practice 4: Work in a small group to discuss safety features Read the descriptions of the three safety features on the next page, then 'meet' your colleagues to decide which one to include Try to use the language in the box below ● Language & skills TALKING ABOUT ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES One great advantage is I think the feature is a big plus point A major drawback/disadvantage is I can see problems with the 46 One point in favour of the is Features Traffic Signal Assistant is an audible signal which tells the driver about traffic regulations such as speed limits, parking, or overtaking The downside is Advantages Disavantages • This would be good marketing for the company as it shows we want considerate drivers who obey rules • A lot of accidents happen because people drive too fast or overtake on dangerous roads • Drivers would save money on speeding fines and parking tickets • Business people on long journeys would appreciate this device as many accidents happen because people fall asleep at the wheel • This technology is not offered by any other car maker as standard and is a good 'gimmick' • The advertising possibilities would also be good • There are already too many traffic signs and regulations regarding speed limits, parking and overtaking • Business people not like to be told what to • Why are we building such fast cars if this device tells you to slow down all the time? The 'virtual passenger' voice application wakes up drivers who are beginning to fall asleep Infrared sensors measure head positions If the driver's head begins to fall forward, he or she is woken up with a loud greeting and a series of questions to keep him or her awake The GPS • It is very practical for navigation system business people who often helps drivers plan go on business trips to routes and warns different cities drivers about traffic • Accidents are caused by jams and congested people not knowing roads where they are going and trying to find the right street • Avoiding traffic jams and congested roads would save people time and money • It is too 'gimmicky' for business people • It is potentially dangerous Drivers get a false sense of security and may decide to drive even though they are tired or have had alcohol • If the technology fails and an accident happens, it could cost the company a lot of money • It is embarrassing for the driver if there are other passengers in the car • GPS navigation is no longer anything special • It needs to be constantly updated, so will be more expensive than other options • It is only available in great detail for some countries so if the driver is in a country that doesn't have it, it won't help Practice 5: Complete the text about car recalls with words from the box below: charge • dealer • fail • fault • fitted • handbrake • injuries • recall 47 A leading car manufacturer is recalling 70,000 models in the UK to check for a potentially life-threatening The brake pedal on the top-selling small MPV can ² suddenly The problem affects all UK cars sold since the launch in ]uly 2000 except those delivered in recent weeks A small clip — if incorrectly ³ — can allow the pedal to detach from the rest of the braking system If this happens on the move, the driver is reduced to using the and gears to bring the car to a halt The car manufacturer says a small number of owners have experienced the problem but no have been reported The car manufacturer says it has written to every owner asking them to take the car to their Any work needed will be carried out free of Since only 85% of owners respond to notices, 10,000 potentially dangerous models could still be left on UK roads 6.3 Extra Practice ● Read the article and answer the questions which follow OUR ‘AUTO SAFETY’ SERRIES THIS MONTH: Airbags Until a short time ago, most of the progress made in auto safety was in front and rear accidents, even though 40% of all serious injuries from accidents are the result of side impacts, and 30% of all accidents are side-impact collisions Many car makers have reacted to these statistics and new standards of the NHTSA (National Highway Traffic Safety Administration) by making doors, door frames and floor and roof sections stronger But cars that now offer side airbags represent a new type of occupant protection Engineers say that designing effective side airbags is much more difficult than designing front airbags This is because much of the energy from a front-impact collision is absorbed by the bumper, hood and engine, and it takes almost 30 to 40 milliseconds before the impact reaches the car's occupant In a side impact, only a relatively thin door and a few inches separate the occupant from another vehicle This means that doormounted side airbags must begin deploying within or milliseconds It takes a collision of about 19 kph to trigger side air bags The seat-belt airbag is intended to give back-seat passengers the same level of 48 protection as front-seat occupants The air bag is incorporated in the rear-seat seat belt and inflates forward on impact Airbags, though, not always save lives; they sometimes kill people who are too small or are in the wrong position when the airbags deploy To prevent this from happening, car makers and suppliers are developing occupant-sensing systems The three leading technologies for smart airbags are weight sensing in the seat, position sensing within the car, and camera monitoring These detection systems can automatically deactivate the airbags if the situation is dangerous ● Questions: Do you know anyone who has been saved by an airbag in an accident? Which other safety features are car manufacturers working on at the moment? Which you think will be developed in the future? How safe you feel when driving your car? Test yourself! See how much 'automobile' vocabulary you have learned Use the clues to complete the crossword puzzle Across 10 11 14 20 21 22 24 26 28 How much a car weighs when there are no passengers in it and with half a tank of fuel (British English - words - 4, 6) You put your foot on this pedal when you change gears The marketing department wants these people to buy the car (2 words - 6, 5) SCEVOSRRO: A car which combines the features of an SUV, a MPV, and a saloon The next model How much petrol or diesel the car uses: fuel Another word for passenger A mixture of metals To drive backwards The instruments and other buttons are located here Gases, etc that are sent out into the air (especially through the exhaust pipe) 49 30 This is found on the instrument panel and shows how hot the engine is: gauge 31 A type of fuel; the BE word for gas(oline) Down 12 13 15 16 17 18 19 23 25 26 27 29 How much your car is worth when you want to sell it (2 words - 6, 5) You fill this with petrol You operate this when you park the car This pedal makes the car go faster This means the car has a lot of room for passengers This regulates your speed so you don't have to put your foot on the accelerator (2 words - 6, 7) BCLIATNUR: This protects moving parts in the engine and stops friction A long line of vehicles on a road that cannot move, or moves only very slowly (2 words- 7, 3) Cars are built on this (2 words - 8, 4) The fastest your car can go (2 words - 3, 5) This means the material lasts for a long time A car which doesn't use much fuel is this A car with a lot of space behind the back seats; the BE word for station wagon: car The rotational force generated by the engine The car's capacity to go fast or accelerate quickly This is inflated to protect you in an accident You measure the engine oil with this You open this to look at the engine This ignites the air/fuel mixture in the combustion chamber (2 words - 5, 4) 50 51 British English American English accelerator aerial aluminium bonnet boot camper van (also) gas pedal antenna aluminum hood trunk recreational vehicle (RV) intersection driver's license (also) motor station wagon gear shift/stick shift transmission (also) glove box crossing driving licence engine estate car gear lever/stick gearbox glove compartment gudgeon pin indicator kerb weight lorry motorway number plate oil sump MPV people carrier petrol cap/flap petrol station petrol tank roundabout saloon side light silencer subway swept volume tyre windscreen wing mirror wing piston pin turn signal curb weight truck highway, freeway license plate oil pan (also) minivan MPV or minivan gas tank lid gas station gas tank traffic circle sedan parking light muffler underpass piston displacement tire windshield side mirror fender Abbreviations ABC ABS ACC ASR bhp CATS cc Cd value CDI CI cyl ESP FWD Active Body Control anti-lock (braking) system automatic climate control anti-spin regulation brake horsepower Computer Active Technology Suspension cubic centimetre drag coefficient common-rail direct injection compression ignition cylinder electronic stability programme front-wheel drive GDI GPS ind kph kW LHD mpg mph MPV MY n/a Nm pb ps pw RHD rpm RV RWD SI SUV TDI ZEV gasoline direct injection global positioning system independent kilometres per hour kilowatt left-hand drive miles per gallon miles per hour multi-purpose vehicle model year not applicable Newton metre power brakes power steering power windows right-hand drive revolutions per minute recreational vehicle rear-wheel drive spark ignition sport utility vehicle turbo direct injection zero-emission vehicle 52 Useful verbs (in context) to accelerate to accommodate to adjust to brake to consume to equip to fail to fit to ignite to inject to launch to lubricate to overtake to press to recall to rotate to tow to weigh The car accelerates from o-6omph in seconds The car accommodates five people comfortably The steering wheel can be adjusted to suit you He braked just in time to avoid the dog The car consumes more fuel in town The car is equipped with eight airbags We couldn't stop because the brakes failed We have fitted new tyres A spark plug ignites the mixture Fuel is injected directly into the combustion chamber We are launching the car next month Oil lubricates the moving parts Don't overtake going up a hill If you press this switch, the sliding roof opens The cars were recalled because of a defect The motion of the piston rotates the crankshaft They towed the car to the nearest petrol station The car weighs about tonnes 53 Weights and measures conversion chart NON-METRIC weight (UK) weight (US) length surface METRIC ounce (oz) pound (lb) stone (st) hundredweight (cwt) (long) ton tonne (t) 28.35 grams (g) 0,454 kilogram (kg) 6.356 kilograms 50.8 kilograms 1016.04 kilograms 1000 kilograms 16 ounces 100 pounds 20 cwt ounce (oz) pound (lb) hundredweight (cwt) (short) ton (t) 28.35 grams (g) 0,454 kilogram (kg) 45.359 kilograms 907.18 kilograms 12 inches feet 1760 yards inch (1 in; 1") foot (1 ft; 1') yard (yd) mile (m) 25.4 millimetres (mm) 30.48 centimetres (cm) 0.914 metre (m) 1.609 kilometres (km) 144 sq inches sq feet 4840 sq yards 640 acres square inch (sq in) sq foot (sq ft) sq yard (sq yd) acre sq mile (sq m) 6.452 sq centimetres (cm') 929.03 cm' 0.836 sq metre (m') 0.405 hectare (ha) 2.59 km' 1728 cubic inches 27 cubic feet cubic inch (cu in) cubic foot (cu ft) cubic yard (cu yd) 16.4 cm' or cc 0.028 m' 0.765 m' 16 ounces 14 pounds stone 20 cwt volume capacity 20 fluid ounces (fl oz) pint (pt) (UK) pints quart (qt) gallon (gal) quarts 0.568 litre (l) 1.136 litres 4.546 litres capacity 16 fluid ounces (fl oz) pint (pt) (US) pints quart (qt) gallon (gal) quarts 0.473 liter (l) 0.946 liters 3.785 liters 54 REFRENCES - English [1] AS.Hornby,Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary of current - Oxford University Press [2] Eric H Glendinning (2012), English for Careers Technology, Oxford University Press [3] Eric H Glendinning, John McEwan (2013), Oxford English for Electronic–– Oxford University Press [4] Eric H Glendinning, Norman Glendinning (2015), Oxford English for Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Oxford University Press [5] Mark Ibbotson, Cambridge English for Engineering–– Cambridge University Press [6] Marie Kavanagh (2012), English for the Automobile Industry, Oxford University Press - Vietnamese [7] Bùi Ý, Vũ Thanh Phương (2014), English Grammar, NXB Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội [8] Mai Lan Huong, Hà Thanh Uyên (2012), Giải thích ngữ pháp tiếng Anh, NXB Đà Nẵng [9] Nguyen Tuan Hung, MEng (2007),Technical English For Automotive Engineering (First Edition), Mechanical Engineering Faculty, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry Ministry of Industry 55