MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS NGUYEN QUOC KHANH SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION BY AUTOMOBILE IN VIETNAM Specialized i[.]
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS NGUYEN QUOC KHANH SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION BY AUTOMOBILE IN VIETNAM Specialized in Code : Organization and management of transportation : 62.84.01.03 DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS The work was completed at: UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH SUPERVISOR: Prof Ph.D Nguyen Huu Ha Ph D reviewer 1: Ph D reviewer 2: Ph D reviewer 3: The dissertation will be protected in front of the Board at: University of Transport and Communications at 2017 The dissertation can be found at: University of Transport and Communication library National Library PREAMBLE Reason for thesis: The economic development of the country is closely linked to the development of the transportation system Transportation also plays an important part in economic, social and environmental development of a country Given Vietnam’s current economic growth, it poses many challenges for the development of transport sector In particular, it is the rapid increase in people’s travel needs in urban areas as well as between different provinces and cities that creates a phenomenon of unsustainable development in passenger transport Sustainable development research currently is both a requirement and a target of many nations This trend has been carried out in various sectors of the economy In Vietnam, research for sustainable development is also not out of the general rule of the world Sustainable development for this sector in the economy has been addressed by the government in many meetings, and many directed documents In the field of transportation, there have been some legal documents; however, there is no specific study on the development of transport activities, especially the passenger transportation by automobiles in Vietnam With the requirements of social practice, as well as the aim to contributing a part of the effort to the development of the transportation industry, the author has selected the research towards sustainable development of automobile passenger transport As a result, the research is a scienctific basis, a reference for managers and enterprises in the industry to develop sustainably Research purposes - To generate studies on sustainable development and to construct the theoretical basis forpassenger transport - To propose new principles and solutions to serve as a basis for sustainable development of Vietnam’s transport business - To propose criteria and targets for sustainable development of Vietnam’s transport business Subjects and scope of the study - Research subjects are theoretical basis and issues related to the sustainable development of transport in Vietnam (excluding shuttle bus service and international transportation) One of the specific applications is Indochina Petroleum Transportation JoinStock Company - The time scope of the research is the automobile transportactivities in the period of 2012 to 2016 It proposed criteria, targets and solutions for sustainable development for transport services by automobile from 2017 to 2020 and vision to 2030 The sciencetific and practical significance of the topic: The sciencetific significance: The thesis has systematized and enriched a number of theoretical issues on sustainable development in general and in the field of passenger transport in particular such as the principles of sustainable development, a criteria system for assessing the sustainable development of transportation by automobile; The practical significance:Assessing the current status of passenger transport in Vietnam, analyzing the sustainable development of automobile transportation in all three aspects of the interests They are government, enterprises and customers; Identifying the important factor for a business to survive and grow as a “customer-centric” The thesis structure Chapter 1: An overview of the research and research methods Chapter 2: Theoretical and practical basis for sustainable development of passenger transportation by automobiles Chapter 3: Analysis of the status of sustainable development of passenger transportation by automobiles in Vietnam Chapter 4: Solutions for sustainable development of passenger transport by automobile in Vietnam and the Application to Indochina Petroleum Transportation JoinStock Company CHAPTER 1: AN OVERVIEW OF THE RESEARCH AND RESEARCH METHODS 1.1 Researches in the world The first research on sustainable transport development by Greene and Wegnener in 1997 showed that: Unlimited growth in personal transportation causes serious consequences for the system In the metropolitan area, the more satisfying the travel needs are by building more highways which is not feasible, the more the government tries to build more personal vehicle infrastructure As a result, traffic jams occur more and more Vehicles development brings about the freedom of movement but greatly results in air, noise pollution, congestion and traffic accidents This research shows that developing transportation sustainably must include: the vehicles, the infrastructure, technology, design, operation and finance They need to be developed sustainably altogether Research by John Hartman – Center for Transportation Sustainability in Canada, together with the research team, has proposed a new idea to develop criteria for transport The results of the Sustainable Transport Performance Indicators (STPI) were divided into three groups, Group 1: Environmental criteria: limits on pollution, emission, minization of non-renewable energy consumption, reuse and recycling, minimization of land use, and noise restriction Group 2: Social criteria: meeting individual and social needs, ensuring safety requirements for the natural environment and public safety between generations Group 3: Economic criteria: efficiency of operational exploitation, provision of modes of transport, and assuring economic development Peter P Rogers, Kazi F Jalal and John A Boyd in“Introduction to Sustainable Development”in 2007 introduced basic knowledge of sustainable development, in which focus on measurement issues and sustainability indicators, evaluation issues, management and policy for the environment; approach and linkages with poverty reduction; impacts on infrastructure development; economic problems, production, consumption, market failures and the role of civil society John Blewitt in“Understanding Sustainable Development” in 2008 also contributes an important part to the theory of sustainable development, including the analysis of relationship between society and environment, sustainable development and administration of the government; tools, systems for sustainable development, outlining a sustainable society The thesis deals with the theories of sustainable development; NCS uses the analysis of the relationship between environmental society and the way of government operation in evaluating the development of passenger transport by automobile 1.2 Researches within the country 1.2.1 Other Ph.D thesises The thesis: “Statistical research on sustainable development in Vietnam”by Nguyen Minh Thu in 2014 The dissertation has systematized and clarified the contents related to sustainable development, the statistical system of sustainable development, proposed methodology for calculating specific and component indicators, and composite indexes on sustainable development based on the exisiting indicator system in Vietnam The thesis: "Research on sustainable development of transport infrastructure in the Mekong Delta”by Dang Trung Thanh in 2011 The dissertation has systematized and improved the theoretical foundation on sustainable development in general and regional development of transport infrastructure in particular In addition, the thesis has developed criteria for the development of transport infrastructure By analyzing the current state of investment and management of road, inland waterway, maritime and air navigation infrastructure in the Mekong Delta, the author has outlined a number of possible solutions to the problems of transport infrastructure in the Mekong Delta Pham Duc Thanh, in the study "Developing Sustainable Transport Systems with Climate Change", outlined the general principles of sustainable development for transport system, composite data, showing the interaction between the transportation system and climate change and sea level rise The paper proposes solutions as well as suggests some directions for research and development of sustainable transport system with climate change and sea level rise The author's analysis suggests that research into appropriate solutions in the transport sector will help adapt and mitigate this problem On this basis, the study proposes several integrated solutions as well as suggests in-depth research directions on this issue 1.2.2 Projects, Schemes, Pilot research and Scientific Workshops on clean fuels -In Vietnam 1983, there was the conversion experiment of compressed-gaspowered Zin 130 (CNG) In 2006, Center for Environmental Protection of University of Danang piloted and applied the conversion kit from gasoline, diesel to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for ships and boats This application would greatly contribute to the reduction of river and ocean pollution caused by gasoline-powered boats, and making the use of LPG better and higher than gasoline - On October 26th, 2007 in Hanoi, the National Council for Science and Technology policy held a workshop on “Biofuels for Transportation: Potential – Development conditions” - On October 29th, 2010 at the seminar “liquefied petroleum gas application (LPG) in passenger transportation by automobile in HCMC”, Cuu Long Petroleum Transportation Joint Stock Company – said that nearly 400 vehicles now use LPG brand in Ho Chi Minh City, Vung Tau and stations that supply it - "Comprehensive Study on Sustainable Development of Transportation System in Vietnam, Report No 4" by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and the Ministry of Transport in 2010 - On August 26th, 2011, Sai Gon Transport Company, a subsidiary of SAMCO Corporation, officially put 21 buses using compressed natural gas CNG to operate on bus number 01 Ben Thanh to Cho Lon Station This route is called the green bus route as all of the vehicles use CNG - On August 27th, 2015, Saigon Transportation Mechanical Engineering Company Limited (SAMCO) organized a workshop on using CNG fuel in public transport in Hanoi 1.3 Study gaps and research proposals for the subject 1.3.1 Study gaps It can be seen that the research have mainly focused on the sustainable development of an industry, development of a certain section in the transport system or the planning and solutions to develop and orient the system New studies address common theories of sustainable development in other areas such as railways, fisheries, regional infrastructure but there is no comprehensive work about theory of sustainable development of passenger transport, especially transportation by automobile Some projects have built a system of indicators for sustainable assessment in the fisheries, oil and gas industry But there are no studies focusing on factors influencing the sustainable development of the industry 1.3.2 Suggested research direction and objectives of the thesis The thesis "Solutions for the sustainable development of automobile transportation in Vietnam" will find answers to questions for the study above This research will focus on passenger transport by automobile in relation to sustainable development in three socio-economic-environmental aspects The project will approach and deepen the position and role of theautomobile transport services in Vietnam and offer some important solutions to improve quality and sustainable development of this type of service in the context of economic integration With the analyzed gaps along with the development orientation of the government and the local, in conjunction with relevant scientific work, the thesis will focus on the following research groups: - Synthesized research on rationale for sustainable development From that, it will be served as a basis to study the theory of sustainable development for passenger transport and enterprises by automobile - Research and propose the process and sequence of research on sustainable development in the field of automobile transport - To propose criteria and targets for sustainable development of automobile transport - Theoretical research on modern marketing applied to sustainable development of transportfor enterprises by automobiles - To study solutions to promote the use of clean fuels for sustainable development of enterprise automobile transportation 1.4 Research methods 1.4.1 Method of data collection and processing The author collects documents on the rationale for sustainable development of Vietnam as well as the world Synthesize documents with the views and guidelines of the Party, the Government, and Ministries about sustainable development, as the basis for the research orientation of the thesis 1.4.2 Method of analytical research Quantitative and qualitative research methods Qualitative research was conducted to investigate and interview to get information such as the quality of transport services as a basis for analyzing criteria and indicators of sustainable development; Quantitative research are implemented through the collection of statistical datas, to produce results in tabular and graphical form for assessing factors related to sustainable development CHAPTER 2:THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION BY AUTOMOBILES 2.1 Overview of transport, characteristics, and the role of modes of transport 2.1.1 Concept, transport classification 2.1.1.1Concept Transportation is the process of changing (moving) the position of goods or passengers in space and time to satisfy some human need 2.1.1.2 Transport classification Based on the mode of transport process Based on the carrier Based on the organization of the transportation process In the form of transport business such as: passenger transport business by fixed routes, by bus, by taxi or by contract 2.1.2 Characteristics of the modes of transport Trucking, rail transport, waterway transport, air freight, pipeline transportation 2.1.3 The role of transport in the national economy Transportation plays an important role in the national economy of each country Transport system is like a blood vessel in a human body, which reflects the level of development of a country Transportation serves all aspects of social life: production, circulation, consumption, and defense In the production of transportation, raw materials, fuels, semi-finished products, finished products and labor areto serve the production process Transportation is an important element of the process of circulation 2.2 Overview of sustainable development 2.2.1 Sustainable development concept The term "sustainable development" first appeared in 1980 in the World Conservation Strategy publication which states: "The development of humanity can not only focus on economic development but also respect the inevitable needs of society and the impact on the ecological environment” This concept was very common in 1987 by theBrundtland Report of the World Development and Environment Committee - WCED: sustainable development is: "The development that can meet current needs without compromising or damaging the ability to meet the needs of future generations " Sustainable development requires all three perspectives: economic, social and environmental sustainability This section is available on page 24 of the dissertation 2.2.2 The principles of sustainable development "Sustainable Development" includes: Integrated, holistic, allencompassing environmental, ecological, economic, social and political development because it can not sustain the environment without sustaining the politics Sustainable development and ecological balance are needed to ensure that people will survive and thrive Therefore, economic growth goes hand in hand with protecting the environment 2.2.3 Criteria for sustainable development assessment The ultimate goal of sustainable development is to satisfy the basic human needs, to improve the lives of all and to simultaneously preserve and effectively manage the ecosystem, ensuring a stable future The development shows that there is a need to balance between limited production, savings and consumption, equitable distribution of income, manpower regulation and limited natural resources Sustainability criteria include: Social; economic; environmental and political criteria 2.3.Sustainable development of automobile transportation 2.3.1 Proposed logical sequence for the study of sustainable development of automobile transportation Sustainable development of passenger transport is a development that can meet current passenger needs without compromising on the ability to meet transportation demand needs in the future 12 - Number of deaths due to traffic accident / 100,000 people - Number of deaths due to traffic accident / 100,000 vehicles - Number of deaths due to traffic accidents / 100,000,000 km rolling Total loss of property caused by traffic accidents is converted into currency d Group indicators according to environmental criteria With environmental criteria, many specific targets have been proposed according to European emission standards The thesis selects this standard as it has been widely applied in many countries in the world, including Vietnam To assess the sustainable development on the environmental aspect of the business, the thesis proposed to use this indicator = ∑ (2.2) In which: B –Rate of sustainable development on the environment NL –The amount of fuel that the vehicle of the business consumes in a unit of time, unit is converted into Ton CTi :Total exhaust volume, ton units; i: type of emission i 2.4 Experiences of some countries on sustainable development and clean energy, lesson learned for Vietnam 2.4.1 Experiences of some countries on sustainable development and clean energy New Delhi - Ấn độ: the CNG program of India has become the world's standard for over 75,000 CNG vehicles in the city, including 7,400 buses, 4,000 minibuses, 45,000 tricycles, 15,000 taxis and 10,350 vehicles They were switched to CNG and at that time Delhi became the city with the largest CNG buses in the world This is a sustainable direction for urban public transport Pakistan: Pakistan has the second largest number of natural gas vehicles in the world according to NGV global's 2011 statistics Pakistan's national environmental policy is enacted by the Ministry of Environment and develops and implements a plan for the conversion of public sector materials into CNG fuels under the Renewable Energy Efficiency Program Korea goes green: South Korea has been hit by traffic jams The main solution in the program is to shift to green transport in Seoul which consists of four characteristics: using a variety of public transport methods in the city; Use IT and telecommunications to integrate transport modes; Political wills and vision of city government; financial support for people moving to using public transportation in the city to reduce density 13 2.4.2 Lessons for sustainable development and clean energy for Vietnam The lessons of sustainable development from countries around the world can be applied to Vietnam * The goal: - Reducing the amount of pollutant emissions: For this purpose, there are specific solutions such as changing the type of fuel used for vehicles, switching from fossil fuel to biofuels or renewable energy; Combined with solutions to change the type of fuel used, it is necessary to change the vehicles in accordance with the type of fuel that is less polluting the environment; At the same time, developing a network of biofuels and other less polluting fuels - Reduction of personal vehicles: With the demand for passenger transportation over large distances: To develop the balanced and harmonious modes of transport in order to bring into full play the advantages of each mode of transport, to meet the growing needs of the people; For transport in urban areas, it is necessary to reasonably and efficiently plan the public transport system in order to improve the capacity and quality of public transport services CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF THE STATUS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER TRANSPORTATION BY AUTOMOBILES IN VIETNAM 3.1 Elements of macro environment affect transport services 3.1.1 Social factors Population size and growth rate: Vietnam's population is now over 90 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world and third in Southeast Asia Although the growth rate has decreased, Vietnam is among the countries with the highest population density in the world 3.1.2 Economic factors Macroeconomics: On the macroeconomic environment, Vietnam's economy is gradually showing signs of a slight recovery with a stable growth rate around 5-6% CPI and inflation: CPI in December 2016 increased 4.74% compared to December 2015, monthly increase increased on an average of 0.4% The average CPI in 2016 will increase by 2.66% compared to in 2015 The CPI increased in December 2016 over the same period in 2015 and the average CPI increase in 2016 compared to the average 2015 increase higher than the year before, but much lower than the average CPI growth of recent years 14 3.1.3 Environment factors: The units that provide passenger transportation services create global warming, environmental pollution and climate change This has prompted an urgent need for the conversion of fuel used to minimize traffic emissions in modern, environmentally friendly models 3.2 Activities of passenger transportation in Vietnam 3.2.1 Competition among transport enterprises In the market economy, every transport enterprise has to accept the complex competition of other enterprises Competition forces enterprises to improve technology, production organization and constantly improve the quality of its service 3.2.2 Government management of passenger transport by road Fixed-line passenger transportation: Decree No 86/2014 / ND-CP states conditions of automobile transportation business The usage duration of passenger transport for business vehicles is 10 years and the fixed passenger transport routes of over 300 km must be departed from grade-1 or grade-4 or grade-5 coach stations in the poor district according to regulations Taxi: For the type of taxi, the Ministry of Transportation has issued specific and detailed circulars which require from appearance to operating mode, and parking places for firms Bus: Up to now, 54 out of 63 provinces have operated passenger bus routes, with more than 10,000 buses of all kinds, transporting thousands of millions of passengers yearly, reducing traffic jams in urban areas and minimizing traffic accidents Contract vehicles: According to the regulations of the Ministry of Transport, the requirements of cars are under the ownership or the lawful use of business units which have been granted business license in accordance with the contract 3.3 Analyze the sustainable development of automobile transport 3.3.1 Assessing the current state of automobile transport Current types of transport include: urban bus, international transportation, intercity transportation, provincial bus, express bus, taxi, motorcycle It is easy to that the most inspection and supervision activities of the licensed routes are not carefully checked when assessing Traffic accidents happen a lot and tend to be more serious 3.3.2.Evaluation based on the results of satisfaction survey in passenger automobile service 15 The questionnaire after being completed has been adjusted and upgraded several times based on the input of experts in the field of research such as Hanoi Department of Transportation and representatives of many institutions departments in the city 3.3.2 Evaluation by economic criteria Freight rates for passenger transportation by automobile According to the survey of transport service in Hanoi, 91.2% of survey respondents rated the current freight rates as reasonable, while 9% said that the rate is high Current government management of freight rates: The Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Finance shall set up inter-branch missions to inspect the management and implementation of freight rates; Nationwide, there are now five types of incentives supporting passenger transport by automobile such as: price subsidy, free, discount fares for users; interest rate subsidy for vehicle investment; investment support for infrastructure; other support fees (wharves, ferry piers, road use) 3.3.3 Evaluate the development of passenger transportation by automobile according to environmental criteria The increasing density of vehicles involved in traffic has a direct impact on road users and pedestrians; Influence on environment and public health It can be said that pollution from traffic is increasing rapidly According to environmental experts, over the past time, transportation activities have made important contributions to the socio-economic development However, the intensification of transportation activities has caused many problems in the air environment During operation, transportation vehicles discharged large amounts of substances such as dust, CO, NOx, SOx, petrol vapor, lead dust, benzene into the air CHAPTER 4: SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER TRANSPORT BY AUTOMOBILE IN VIETNAM AND THE APPLICATION TO INDOCHINA PETROLEUM TRANSPORTATION JOINTSTOCK COMPANY 4.1 Viewpoints and objectives of Vietnam’s transport development to 2020 with a vision to 2030 4.1.1 Viewpoints of Vietnam’s transport development to 2020 with a vision to 2030 4.1.2 Development objectives to 2020 16 By 2020, the transportation system of our country will basically meet the demand of the society, ensuring better quality, reasonable price; to gradually reduce traffic accidents and limit environmental pollution, in general, to form a rational transport system between modes of transport, towards modernization in order to contribute to the country's basic industrialization in 2020 4.1.3 Sustainable and environmentally friendly transportation development policy Transportation is an important part of the economic and social infrastructure, ensuring national defense and security, and supporting a variety of human activities Transportation, however, is also a source of air pollutant emissions that affect public health and is also a contributing factor to the global greenhouse effect of climate change 4.1.4 Develop environment friendly transportation Implementing the Law on Road Traffic, the Law on Environmental Protection, the Law on Energy Efficiency and Conservation, the Law on Persons with Disabilities, the policy on development of civilized and convenient transport to reduce pollution has been of interest and included in the transport sector development strategy until 2020 with a vision to 2030 4.2 The basis for proposing solutions of sustainable development for passenger transportation by automobiles 4.2.1 The government laws Sustainable development viewpoint in transportation in Vietnam According to the "Sustainable Development Strategy for Vietnam 20112020" approved by the Prime Minister on 12 April 2012, indicators have been focused on to achieve sustainable growth 4.2.2 Basis of government management policies Solutions, policies to create capital to develop transport infrastructure Solutions for environmental protection and sustainable development in transport Solutions and policies on international integration and competition Solutions and policies for human resource development 4.3 Specific solutions to sustainable development for transport enterprises 17 4.3.1 Solutions to improve the quality of human resources For the transportation industry or any similar industry, the communication and customer care of employees and staff are important factors that directly affect the image of the business Therefore, this force not only needs to have expertise, knowledge of the professional but also expresses the best service attitude Stations and terminals are the places to sell products and services of the transportation industry 4.3.2 Different solutions for different types of transport Solutions for passenger car: Focus on research, customer needs survey as well as quality of service to take timely and appropriate measures Solutions for passenger bus: a Imrpove the quality of the current buses b New Project Solutions for taxi: For taxi services, the expansion of the customer service network to allocate the means at the appropriate reception area Solutions for contract car: For contract car service, the expansion of service network can be advertised widely to customers, advertised along with other passenger transportation services such as taxi, fixed car, bus, from which customers could contact to be served quickly and efficiently 4.3.3 Solution to enhance the image of passenger transportation by automobile The construction of leisure and cultural exchanges along national highways can be either government-managed or privately owned, with sufficient facilities and quality of service 4.3.4 Solution of applying information technology in transport 18 management and operation The Fleet Management System (FMS) provides important applications for the management of transportation operations It allows the operator to determine location and vehicle-related information 4.4 Applications for development of passenger transport by automobile of Indochina Petroleum Transportation Joint Stock Company 4.4.1 Evaluation of passenger transportation at Petroleum Transportation Joint Stock Company 4.4.1.1 Introduction of Petroleum Transportation Joint Stock Company English name: Indochina Petroleum Transportation JoinStock Company 4.4.1.2 Transport services at Petroleum Transportation Joint Stock Compnay Mission: To preserve and develop the capital source of the company, to become the leading unit in the field of automobile transportation services and the leading Vietnamese enterprise on the use of liquefied petroleum gas in transportation 4.4.1.3.Analysis of passenger transportation activities at Indochina Petroleum Transportation Joint Stock Company - Invest in the taxi using two fuel lines - LPG, moving toward to use a stream of LPG fuel - Improve the quality and efficiency of public transport services by taxi, meeting people's travel needs, contributing to solving urban transport issues and promoting economic -social - political development - To lead and multiply the conversion of transport means using clean LPG fuel, contributing to reducing environmental pollution, protecting people in traffic, and creating beauty in urban civilization - Create a stable, sustainable and long-term business Increase competition in services and improve the quality and business efficiency of the company - Build the brand name of Indochina in particular as well as contributing to raising the position of PetroVietnam brand in general 19 4.4.2 Application for development of passenger transport by automobile for Indochina Petroleum Transportation Joint Stock Company 4.4.2.1 Transport solution for marketing strategy Content of chapter has confirmed the object of modern marketing is to satisfy the needs of passengers to obtain economic benefits The thesis proposed applying modern marketing policy to create sustainable development solutions in the following model: Level Human Train staffs and drivers to improve the quality of service Tangible elements Create image to impress the customers Service process Passenger-oriented service process Price Ensure the customers and business benefits Promotion Customers’ trusts Place Convenient and comfortable Product Customers’ satisfaction Level Level Figure 4.3.Model of marketing solutions for sustainable development of transport business by automobiles 4.4.2.2 The solution to use clean fuel for vehicles In order to meet the criteria and environmental standards the thesis deepens on the solution of using clean fuel Today, there are many types of clean fuels used for the operation of vehicles such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG, CNG); Ethanol (biofuel) gasoline; solar fuel v v However, the concept of clean fuel in transportation service can be understood as follows: 20 It is a clean fuel used to operate vehicles that not pollute the environment Having very high octane values (95 - 100) is very beneficial for antiexplosion, for increased thermal efficiency of the engine, and can use high compression ratio (10-12) Use clean fuel to reduce the depreciation of the xupap, cylinder, and piston ring, to increase the life of the engine because the fuel which is flammable and burns completelydoes not create soot and is smoke free Engines using clean fuels not have a negative impact on lubricants, so the aging process of lubricants is prolonged 4.4.2.3.Strategic solution to identify the brand name Dau Khi Taxi Detailed implementation plan developed by NCS during the formation of the company *Brand identity phase First Second Third Contents month month month 1-Launch week “All the way green” - Marching of Dau Khi Taxi to protect the environment (Early of the week / weekend) - Staff 7.28.28.28 clean the three core of the capital: Hoan Kiem Lake, Thanh Nien Street, Lenin Monument - Hang the slogan “Dau Khi Taxi – Preserve the environment” at 10 main streets - Speech, newspaper, raido 2- Use Dau Khi Taxi to protect the environment - Display of model 7.28.28.28 at Towers: 18 Lang Ha Group and Vincom Tower - Introduce and distribute promotional gifts with figures of Dau Khi Taxi in theaters, supermarkets (Approximately 5,000) - Stamp the phone number of Dau Khi Taxi at the members of the Group - Newspaper and Journal of the Group 21 3Report “The spirit of environmental protection of Dau Khi Taxi” at Hanoi Television - Recognition of customers in the Group on Dau Khi Taxi of Dong Duong Company - Capital's recognition for Dau Khi Taxi - Report on the spirit of service, quality - The first reflection of consumers for Dau Khi Taxi * Personality brand phase Content 4-Launch of “5 star Dau Khi Taxi” - The jury is the customer - After each car call, the customer receives a letter of quality service rating on a 5-star scale, then send to the Taxi Center (postage stamped) - Retain the ticket to draw prizes at the end of the competition 5- “One day salary” for the Fund for children with disabilities on the opening day - Donate one day's salary to buy learning aids for children with disabilities 6- Outstanding honest figure in Dau Khi Taxi - Reflection of the Consumer on how the “driver returns the money to the customer” 7- Dau Khi Taxi is a style of consumption - Introducing service packages: Yellow Card, Platinum Card, Taxi Ticket, - Benefits of long trips, other accumulated benefits 4th&5th month 6th&7th month 8th&9th month 22 8- Join the activities on the days of protecting the environment, protecting nature - Participate in seminars, exhibitions in the Transportation, Environment and Oil and Gas related to the use of LPG, CNG on transport vehicles * Brand loyalty phase Content 9- Build the road entitled “All the way green” - Associate with the green environment company to select a road segment which then plant trees entitling Dau Khi Taxi 7.28.28.28 - The social community will acknowledge the contribution of Dau Khi Taxi regarding this section (could be used as advertising material for the following years) 10- The program summarizes and distributes gifts to loyal customers using Dau Khi Taxi (focus on special events of Christmas, New Year, Lunar New Year) - Use the materials of the Market Division, Customer Care - The conference concluded year end - Participate in exhibitions inside and outside the transportation industry about the use of clean fuels, LPG, CNG 11- Carry out the report "Dau Khi 10th month 11th month 12th month 23 Taxi - one year preserving the environment of Hanoi Capital" on Hanoi Television - Summarize the environmentally friendly activities - Summing up the activities "Serving the environment" - Figure good people good deeds – Dau Khi Taxi with the slogan "All the way green" becomes the brand identity that shows environment friendly, a business brand to serve the community with quality - Ends with "Children are farmiliar with Dau Khi Taxi" CONCLUDE - Sustainable development is both an objective and a requirement of socioeconomic development Sustainable development in transport and business activities contributes to overcoming the negative impacts affecting the natural environment and socio-economic activities At the same time, the study of sustainable development helps the transport industry, as well as the production and transport business be more efficient and develop the society - Business activities related to transportation, human factors, passengers and fuel, are also the factors that affect the sustainable development of enterprises - Based on the theories of sustainable development, combined with the synthesis study and analysis from related works in the world as well as in Vietnam, the thesis deepens into research and development sustainably for transport by automobile The new contributions include: - Building the principles of sustainable development of passenge transport in Vietnam, emphasizing 02 factors that previous topics have not paid much attention to in the research: Marketing for the transportation industry; Use clean fuel 24 - Propose principles and criteria for sustainable development of passenger transport - Introduce marketing solutions for Sustainable Development - Provide transportation solutions using clean fuels for sustainable development Other research directions of the thesis: - Research on sustainable development for enterprises exploiting other modes of transport - Research on standards to ensure sustainable development - Research forecasting the demand for renewable energy, clean fuel for transportation - Research the planning of clean fuel supply network in urban areas in Vietnam PETITION Transport enterprises must develop in the direction of customercentric The basis to implement this is to use the application of marketing in the whole transport sector The government shall add necessary legal bases to the sustainable passenger transport system The government needs to select sole government management agency to set up the criteria, standards, government management and direction of exploiting vehicles using clean fuels in Vietnam towards sustainability The government needs to discuss regulations, create favorable conditions and incentives for enterprises to choose vehicles that use fuel to reduce environmental pollution (Preferential for at least years of taxes related to vehicles and corporate income tax) Socialization, enhancement of research, transfer and application of green technologies in each city for cars in Vietnam Promote, propose solutions and encourage advanced application of science and technology, information technology and management to the model of transport enterprises using less environmental pollution fuel 25 International and regional cooperation in the field of sustainable development of passenger transportation by automobile and environmental impact The government shall direct the transport business in Vietnam to develop and compete fairly in the locality and the whole country context with the target focus of national development and satisfy the expectations of customers more and more The government shall direct, propagate and enforce stronger sanctions against the current and future environmental degradation of the country and the transport business DISCLOSED PUBLIC WORKS Nguyen Quoc Khanh, M.A Le Cong Hoang (2009) “Construction and cost analysis”, Journal of Transportation Science, Volumn 27, September 2009, page 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 Nguyen Quoc Khanh (2017) “Sustainable development of urban environment in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City”, Economic Journal of Asia and Pacific, Volumn 488, February 2017, page41, 42, 43 Nguyen Quoc Khanh (2017), “Assessment of sustainable development criteria in transport development strategy of Vietnam” Economic Journal of Asia and Pacific, April 2017, page 69, 70 and 73 Nguyen Quoc Khanh, M.A Nguyen Huu Binh (2017), “Principles of sustainable development of passenger transport” Journal Transportation, Ministry of Transportation, June 2017, page 132, 133 of